| 词条 | Dartington Hall | ||||||
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Dartington Hall in Dartington, near Totnes, Devon, England, is a country estate that is the headquarters of the Dartington Hall Trust, a charity specialising in the arts, social justice and sustainability. The estate dates from medieaval times. The Trust currently runs 16 charitable programmes, including Schumacher College and the Dartington International Summer School. In addition to developing and promoting arts and educational programmes, the Trust hosts other groups and acts as a venue for retreats. The hall itself is a Grade I listed building. The gardens are Grade II* listed in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.[1] Dartington Hall estateThe Dartington Hall Trust is based on an historic {{convert|1200|acre|km2}} estate near Dartington in south Devon. It was held by the Martin family between the early 12th and mid 14th centuries but on the death of Lord William Martin in 1326, the Barony of Martin fell in abeyance. [2] The medieval hall was built between 1388 and 1400 for John Holand, Earl of Huntingdon, half-brother to Richard II. After John was beheaded, the Crown owned the estate until it was acquired in 1559 by Sir Arthur Champernowne, Vice-Admiral of the West under Elizabeth I. The Champernowne family then lived in the Hall for 366 years until 1925. The hall was mostly derelict by the time it was bought by Leonard and Dorothy Elmhirst in 1925. They commissioned architect William Weir to renovate the buildings and restored the Great Hall's hammerbeam roof.[3] Inspired by a long association with Rabindranath Tagore's Shantiniketan, where Tagore was trying to introduce progressive education and rural reconstruction into a tribal community, they set out on a similar goal for the depressed agricultural economy in rural England.[4] In 1935, the Dartington Hall Trust, a registered charity, was set up in order to run the estate. The estate comprises various schools, colleges and charitable and commercial organisations, including Schumacher College, the Arts at Dartington, the Dartington International Summer School of music, Research in Practice, Dartington School for Social Entrepreneurs and the Shops at Dartington (formerly the Cider Press Centre). In North Devon, the Beaford Centre, set up as an arts centre by the Trust in the 1960s to bring employment and culture to a rurally depressed area, continues to thrive. Until June 2010, prior to the college's contentious merger with University College Falmouth, the estate was also home to Dartington College of Arts.[5][6] The Hall and medieval courtyard functions in part as a conference centre and wedding venue and provides bed and breakfast accommodation for people attending courses and for casual visitors. The Barn Cinema and the White Hart Bar and Restaurant are used by estate dwellers, residents from the surrounding countryside, and visitors alike. In May 2010, Sotheby's sold a group of 12 paintings by Rabindranath Tagore, which had been given by Tagore to his friend Leonard Elmhirst.[7] In Autumn 2011, The Trust proposed the sale of additional artworks by Ben Nicholson, Christopher Wood, Alfred Wallis and others, again at Sotheby's.[8] The sale generated some criticism from local people,[9] who voiced concerns about deaccessioning of the Trust's art assets. The Trust argued that the founders went to considerable lengths to make clear that art works and other assets could and should be used and sold at the discretion of the Trustees to support the activities of the Trust.[10] Dartington International Summer SchoolDartington International Summer School is a department of The Dartington Hall Trust. The Summer School is both a festival and a music school. Participants, both amateur musicians and advanced students, spend the daytime studying a variety of different musical courses, and the evenings attending (or performing in) concerts. In addition to instrumental and vocal masterclasses, there are courses at various levels on subjects such as composition, opera, chamber music, conducting and improvisation. Courses include choirs, orchestras, individual masterclasses, and non classical music such as Jazz, Salsa and Gamelan. Composition teachers have included Luciano Berio, Luigi Nono, Bruno Maderna, Harrison Birtwistle, Peter Maxwell Davies, Brian Ferneyhough, Witold Lutosławski and Elliott Carter. Dartington GardensThe gardens were created by Dorothy Elmhirst with the involvement of major landscape designers Beatrix Farrand and Percy Cane and feature a tiltyard (thought actually to be the remains of an Elizabethan water garden) and major sculptures, including examples by Henry Moore, Willi Soukop and Peter Randall-Page. There is an ancient yew tree (Taxus baccata) reputed to be nearly 2000 years old and rumour has it that Knights Templar are buried in the graveyard there, although there is no evidence to substantiate this. Former activitiesDartington Hall SchoolDartington Hall School, founded in 1926, offered a progressive coeducational boarding life. When it started there was a minimum of formal classroom activity and the children learned by involvement in estate activities. It was to have “no corporal punishment, indeed no punishment at all; no prefects; no uniforms; no Officers’ Training Corps; no segregation of the sexes; no compulsory games, compulsory religion or compulsory anything else, no more Latin, no more Greek; no competition; no jingoism.”[11]With time more academic rigour was imposed, but it remained progressive and had mixed success educating the children, sometimes the more wayward ones, of the fee-paying parents. A noted alumnus was Lord Young, a founder of Which? and the Open University. Lucian Freud attended the school for two years and his brother Clement Freud was also a pupil there.[12] Other noted alumni include Oliver Postgate,[13] Martin Bernal, Max Fordham, Ivan Moffat, Eva Ibbotson, Matthew Huxley, Richard Leacock, Lionel Grigson, 1970s pop music act Marshall Hain, and the sculptor Sokari Douglas Camp. W. B. Curry was headmaster of the school from 1931 to 1957, and wrote two books about it, The School, published by The Bodley Head in 1934, and Education for Sanity, published by Heinemann in 1947.[14] The author Dennis Wheatley novelised the activities of some people based at the school in his 1947 book The Haunting of Toby Jugg. This was a supernatural thriller which sensationalised some real-life events before the war, setting them at a fictional school called "Weylands". Years later, it was revealed that these events had attracted the attention of MI5 in a declassified report called "The Case Against Dartington Hall".[15] At its peak, the school had some 300 pupils. However, with the advent of state-based progressive education, the death of its founders, and the appointment of a new headmaster in whose time the school attracted considerable negative publicity- not least owing to his calling the police to the school to combat alcohol- and drug-abuse taking place, the death by drowning of a student, and his wife's modelling for pornographic photographs- the school suffered a dramatic drop in recruitment. The school was forced to close in 1987.[16] After the school's closure, a number of staff and students set up Sands School which still carries some of the principles that Dartington once had.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} It has been suggested that the school 'Knotshead' in the novel A Private Place by Amanda Craig was based upon Dartington Hall school, as the events in the book are similar to those that occurred within the final years of Dartington Hall. [17] Literary editor Miriam Gross wrote an account of her time at the school for the May 2011 edition of Standpoint magazine.[18] Dartington College of Arts{{main article|Dartington College of Arts}}Dartington College of Arts was a specialist arts institution based at the hall from 1961 to 2008, with an international reputation for excellence, focusing mainly on the performance arts. In 2008, it became part of University College Falmouth and subsequently relocated to Falmouth, Cornwall. GallerySee also
References1. ^{{NHLE |num=1000453 |desc=Dartington Hall |accessdate=12 February 2016 }} 2. ^http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-1132-1/dissemination/pdf/115/115_184_202.pdf 3. ^{{cite book |publisher=Dartington Hall Trust |year=1986 |title=William Weir and Dartington Hall |first=Reginald |last=Snell |isbn=0-902386-10-7}} 4. ^{{cite web|author=Sen, Amartya |title=Tagore and His India |url=http://130.242.18.21/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1913/tagore-article.html |date=28 August 2001 |work=Nobelprize.org |accessdate=25 October 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009104944/http://130.242.18.21/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1913/tagore-article.html |archivedate=9 October 2011 |df= }} 5. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/dec/28/arts.highereducation |title=Battle to save celebrated cradle of cutting edge art |author=Steven Morris |publisher=The Guardian |date=28 December 2006 |accessdate=5 February 2011}} 6. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2008/mar/10/highereducation.cutsandclosures |title=Last-ditch attempt to halt Dartington merger |author=Anthea Lipsett |work=Education Guardian |publisher=The Guardian |date=10 March 2008 |accessdate=5 February 2011}} 7. ^Sotheby's to Sell Tagore Collection of The Dartington Hall Trust, artdaily.org. Retrieved 12 October 2011. 8. ^Sotheby's unveils a group of Modern British art from the Dartington Hall Trust Collection, artdaily.org. Retrieved 16 November 2011. 9. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2011/nov/13/dartington-hall-art-sale Row as Dartington Hall auctions off its treasures] guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 16 November 2011. 10. ^On the sale of works of art from the collection {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129164055/http://www.dartington.org/blog/on-the-sale-of-works-of-art-from-the-collection |date=2012-01-29 }} dartington.org 11. ^Young, Michael (1982), The Elmhirsts of Dartington, Routledge and Kegan Paul, p. 131. 12. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/tv-radio-obituaries/5163084/Sir-Clement-Freud.html |title=Sir Clement Freud |date=16 April 2009 |work=Daily Telegraph |accessdate=23 December 2009 |location=London}} 13. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/oliver-postgate-creator-of-bagpuss-the-clangers-and-ivor-the-engine-who-turned-childrens-television-into-an-art-form-1059366.html |work=The Independent |location=London |first=Anthony| last=Hayward|title=Oliver Postgate: Creator of 'Bagpuss', 'The Clangers' and 'Ivor the Engine' who turned children's television into an art form |date=10 December 2008 |accessdate=1 May 2010}} 14. ^Gribble, David (ed.), That’s All, Folks, Dartington Hall School Remembered; reminiscences and reflections of former pupils, West Aish Publishing, 1987. {{ISBN|0951273507}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.denniswheatley.info/convention2014.html/ |title=The 2014 Dennis Wheatley Convention |accessdate=17 October 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150827013751/http://www.denniswheatley.info/convention2014.html |archivedate=27 August 2015 |df= }} Dartington Hall report at the end. 16. ^https://www.theguardian.com/film/2005/jun/30/usa.world 17. ^{{cite web |title=School for Scandal |author=Waugh, Harriet |work=The Spectator |date=September 1991 |url=http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/14th-september-1991/32/school-for-scandal |accessdate=11 February 2019}} 18. ^{{cite web |title=An Experimental Education |author=Gross, Miriam |work=Standpoint |date=May 2011 |url=http://www.standpointmag.co.uk/node/3875/full |accessdate=25 October 2011}} Further reading
External links{{Commons category}}
11 : Country houses in Devon|Gardens in Devon|Education in Devon|Festivals in Devon|Grade I listed buildings in Devon|Grade II* listed parks and gardens in Devon|Tourist attractions in Devon|Charities based in Devon|Arts in Devon|Sustainability advocates|British intentional communities |
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