| 词条 | Luzon fruit bat |
| 释义 |
| name = Luzon fruit bat | image = | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref =[1] | genus = Otopteropus | parent_authority = Kock, 1969 | species = cartilagonodus | authority = Kock, 1969 | range_map = Luzon Fruit Bat area.png | range_map_caption = Luzon Fruit Bat range }} The Luzon fruit bat (Otopteropus cartilagonodus) is a species of megabat in the family Pteropodidae. It is monotypic within the genus Otopteropus.[2] It is endemic to the Philippines. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. DescriptionThe Luzon fruit bat, a member of the order Chiroptera, is a small bat that is common to Luzon island.[2] It exhibits dark blackish brown coloration, with a lighter color appearing on the abdominal area, usually grey.[3] It is nocturnal and has rather large eyes, especially for its small stature.[3] Luzon Fruit bats are identifiable by their ears, which are marked by red thickenings.[4] The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in their cranial characters, particularly the skull.[5] The overall size of the skull is found to be larger in males, but females have a more heightened braincase.[5] Because of this, the females have a longer total body length, while both sexes have similar wing bone length.[5] EcologyDistribution and habitatThe Philippine Islands have wide fauna diversity. Under the order Chiroptera the island is home to 73 species, 36 genera and 6 families.[5] Luzon Fruit Bats are one of two species in the family Pteropodidae that have undergone radiation in Southeast Asia.[5] The Luzon Fruit Bat is restricted to Luzon Island, found on the Philippine archipelago.[6] They occupy three different regions on this island: 1) Cordillera Central Mountains, 2) Sierra Madre Mountains and the Zambales Mountains.[7] It has been hypothesized that these three clades diverged from one another around 1.91 million years ago.[2] The Luzon fruit bats are more abundant in montane primary forests.[4] But they have spread to well-developed secondary forests, as well as lowland, montane, and mossy forests.[4] Their distribution is found in an elevation range from 200 – 2250 meters (Heaney et al. 1998), but regions of middle elevation is preferred.[2] Because of their high elevation location, they are listed as a Least Concern.[1] DietIt is frugivorous; its diet consists mainly of fruit or nectar.[4] In their consumption of fruit, they help contribute to natural reforestation by dispersing seeds.[4] Due to a difference in cranial size, males and females tend to have different food preferences, based on what is most accessible to their body shape.[5] BehaviorReproductionFemales have a long duplex uterus that is superficially joined at the cervix.[3] These bats produce one or two young per year.[7] And the distribution of embryo between the left and right uteri are relatively equal and no preference has been observed.[3] Research has concluded that females undergo delayed implantation, although the specific length of delay is unknown.[3] Male members of the Chiroptera order have a wide morphological variation of primary reproductive structures.[8] Male Luzon fruit bats are no exception, as they display a form of migratory testes, in which their testes are located in the abdomen.[3] Additionally, these male bats have few spermatozoa in both their testes and epididymis, indicating that much of the sperm in not fully mature.[3] References1. ^1 Ong, P., Rosell-Ambal, G. & Tabaranza, B. & Heaney, L., Duya, P., Gonzalez, J.C. & Balete, D. 2008. Otopteropus cartilagonodus. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 08 September 2013. 2. ^1 2 Roberts, Trina E. Divergence, diversity, distance, and disequilibrium: comparative phylogeography of six Philippine fruit bats (Chiroptera; Pteropodidae). Diss. University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Committee on Evolutionary Biology, 2005. 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Heideman, Paul D., Jennifer A. Cummings, and Lawrence R. Heaney. "Reproductive timing and early embryonic development in an Old World fruit bat, Otopteropus cartilagonodus (Megachiroptera)." Journal of mammalogy 74.3 (1993): 621-630. 4. ^1 2 3 4 Heaney, Lawrence R. "Synopsis of the mammalian fauna of the Philippine Islands." (1998). 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 Rickart, Eric A., Jennifer A. Mercier, and Lawrence R. Heaney. "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lawrence_Heaney/publication/290277680_Cytogeography_of_Philippine_bats_Mammalia_Chiroptera/links/5783ee2508ae37d3af6c13af.pdf Cytogeography of Philippine bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)]." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 112.3 (1999): 453-469. 6. ^Alviola, Phillip A., et al. "Chapter 2: mammalian diversity patterns on Mount Palali, Caraballo Mountains, Luzon." Fieldiana Life and Earth Sciences(2011): 61-74. 7. ^1 Ruedas, L. A., J. R. Demboski, and R. V. Sison. "Morphological and ecological variation in Otopteropus cartilagonodus Kock, 1969 (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) from Luzon, Philippines." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 107.1 (1994): 1-16. 8. ^Beguelini, Mateus R., et al. "[https://repositorio.unesp.br/bitstream/handle/11449/74096/2-s2.0-84871658731.pdf?sequence=1 Morphological variation of primary reproductive structures in males of five families of neotropical bats]." The Anatomical Record 296.1 (2013): 156-167. Sources
7 : Megabats|Bats of Asia|Mammals of the Philippines|Endemic fauna of the Philippines|Fauna of Luzon|Mammals described in 1969|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
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