“M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The M110 Semi Automatic Sniper System (M110 SASS) is an American semi-automatic sniper rifle/designated marksman rifle that is chambered for the 7.62×51mm NATO round, developed by U.S. firearm manufacturer Knight's Armament Company. The M110 is to be replaced by the lighter and more compact M110A1 CSASS.^[2]

Overview

The M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System is intended to replace the M24 Sniper Weapon System used by snipers, spotters, designated marksman, or squad advanced marksmen in the United States Army. However, the U.S. Army still acquired M24s from Remington until February 2010.^[3] After witnessing the effects of USSOCOM snipers and extensive after-action reports from SOF snipers throughout the Iraqi theater of operations, the U.S. Army ran a competition involving several designs, including rifles from Knight's Armament Company, Remington, and DPMS Panther Arms.{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}} On September 28, 2005, the Knight's Armament Co. rifle won the competition and was selected to be the supplier of the M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System. The XM110 underwent final operational testing in May and June 2007 at Fort Drum, New York by a mix of Special Forces troops and Sniper trained soldiers from the 10th Mountain Division. In April 2008, U.S. Army soldiers from Task Force Fury in Afghanistan were the first in a combat zone to receive the M110. The troops rated the weapon very highly, noting the quality of the weapon and its semi-automatic capabilities compared to the bolt-action M24. The United States Marine Corps will also be adopting the M110 to replace some M39 and all Mk 11 as a complement to the M40A5.^[4] It is manufactured by Knight's Armament Company in Titusville, Florida, though the complete system incorporates a Leupold 3.5–10× variable power daytime optic, Harris swivel bipod, AN/PVS-26 or AN/PVS-10 night sight and PALs magazine pouches of yet unpublished origin.{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}} The rifle has ambidextrous features such as a double-sided magazine release, safety selector switch, and bolt catch.

Design

The rifle is similar to the SR-25/Mk 11 Mod 0, but differs significantly in buttstock and rail system design. The SR-25, Mk 11 Mod 0, and M110 are based loosely on the original AR-10 developed by Eugene Stoner but feature additional refinements instituted by KAC to maximize parts commonality with the AR-15 design, improve weapon reliability, and increase accuracy.

The main differences between the Mk 11 and M110 are improvements suggested by a user group meeting between NAVSPECWAR, USASOC and USA in 2007:

On June 12, 2008, the M110 was ranked #2 on the U.S. Army's top ten inventions of 2007.^[5]

According to performance specification (MIL-PRF-32316 (AR) w/AMENDMENT 1, 5 October 2009):

Replacement or reconfiguration of M110

In April 2011, the U.S. Army issued a request to the private sector to reconfigure or replace the current Knight Armament M110 sniper rifle as the current version of the M110 was not functioning well in the field requiring significant maintenance and replacement of parts.^[6]{{fv|date=June 2018}} The U.S. Army responded to the referenced article clarifying that the rifle was functioning perfectly and they are just looking for a smaller, lighter version of M110 for the spotter in a sniper team, providing the sniper is equipped with the new XM2010. "The spotter will have an urban sniper support weapon which will be the M110. … Now you've increased the lethality of the team…"—Program Manager LTC Chris Lehner.^[7]

CSASS

In July 2012, the U.S. Army requested sources to remanufacture the current M110 rifle into the Compact Semi-Automatic Sniper System (CSASS). The CSASS will be a shorter and lighter version of the M110 with a collapsible stock and removable flash suppressor, giving it an overall length of {{convert|36|in|mm}} and a weight of {{convert|9|lb|kg}} unloaded. The Army wants a capability to convert 125 rifles per month, with the ability to increase to 325 per month.^[9] The Army formally requested proposals for the CSASS in June 2014.^[10]

On 1 April 2016, the Army announced it had awarded Heckler and Koch a contract with a maximum value of $44.5 million as winner of the competition to replace the KAC M110. The weapon selected was not specified, but was likely the H&K G28; H&K is to produce 3,643 rifles.^[11] A goal of the effort was to give snipers a weapon that didn't "stick out" as a sniper rifle; with a suppressor, the M110 is {{convert|46.5|in|mm|abbr=on}}, {{convert|13|in|mm|abbr=on}} longer than the M4 carbine and {{convert|7|in|mm|abbr=on}} longer than the M16A4 rifle. A minimum of 30 CSASS units will be used for production qualification testing and operational testing over 24 months.^[12] H&K later confirmed that a modified G28 had indeed been selected as the CSASS rifle. The G28 is nearly 6 cm (2.5 in) shorter and 1.3 kg (3 lb) lighter than the M110 (unloaded and without a suppressor) and will cost about $12,000 per rifle.^[2] In May 2018, the U.S. Marine Corps will begin receiving the CSASS, also to replace the M110.^[13]

Sporting use

In 2009, the M110 rifle and commercial equivalents were added to the list of NFA-legal US service rifles under rule 3.1.6 of the NRA High Power Rifle Rules.^[14]

Users

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.knightarmco.com/portfolio/m110/?cate_cm=military&term=m110&features=m110|work=Knight's Armament Company|title=M110}}
2. ^¹H&K confirms: This is the Army's new and improved sniper rifle Army Times, 8 April 2016
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.defenselink.mil/contracts/contract.aspx?contractid=3820|title=DefenseLink: Contracts for Wednesday, July 16, 2008|publisher=|accessdate=15 November 2014}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2011/03/marine-corps-sniper-rifle-m110-031711w/|title=Corps fielding new semi-automatic sniper rifle|last=Lamothe|first=Dan|date=March 17, 2011|work=Marine Corps Times|accessdate=18 March 2011|deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714034725/http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2011/03/marine-corps-sniper-rifle-m110-031711w/|archivedate=14 July 2011|df=}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/US-Army-Awards-Top-10-Inventions-of-2007-04997/|title="US Army Awards Top 10 Inventions of 2007"|date=27 July 2008|work=Defense Industry Daily|accessdate=15 November 2014}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://kitup.military.com/2011/04/army-wants-lighter-shorter-m110-sniper-rifle.html?wh=wh"|title=Army Wants Lighter, Shorter M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System|work=Kit Up!|accessdate=15 November 2014}}
7. ^Army Speaks to M110 Performance/Upgrade
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=224ffff679ab52b0333e79077372c757&tab=core&_cview=0|title=FedBizOpps.com: M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System(SASS) Reconfiguration|publisher=|accessdate=15 November 2014}}
9. ^US Army looking to replace M14EBR; feelers out for compact M110 – Militarytimes GearScout, July 31, 2012
10. ^Army Wants to Buy Compact, Semi-Auto Sniper Rifles – Kitup.Military.com, 13 June 2014
11. ^Army picks Heckler & Koch sniper rifle to replace M110 – Armytimes.com, 1 April 2016
12. ^Army Selects New Compact Sniper Rifle – Kitup.Military.com, 1 April 2016
13. ^[https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-marine-corps/2018/04/09/the-marines-just-switched-their-main-sniper-rifle-look-whats-next/ The Marines just switched their main sniper rifle ― look what’s next]. Military Times. 9 April 2018.
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nrahq.org/compete/RuleBooks/HPR/hpr-w03.pdf|title=NRA High Power Rifle Rules: Section 3. Equipment and Ammunition|publisher=|accessdate=15 November 2014}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://ru.oxu.az/war/81561}}
16. ^{{cite web|last1=Krugler|first1=Andrzej|title=Broń pary snajperskiej to karabin wyborowy firmy Accuracy International AWM-F... - Andrzej Krugler Special-Ops.pl – Portal Ludzi Akcji|url=http://www.special-ops.pl/artykul-galeria/id215,prezydent-w-wojskach-specjalnych?gal=1&zdjecie=1816|website=Special-Ops.pl – Portal Ludzi Akcji|accessdate=5 December 2016}}