词条 | Maine's 2nd congressional district | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
|state = Maine |district number = 2 |image name = Maine US Congressional District 2 (since 2013).tif |image width = 400 |image caption = Maine's 2nd congressional district – since January 3, 2013. |representative = Jared Golden |party = Democratic |residence = Lewiston |english area = |metric area = |percent urban = 27.89 |percent rural = 72.11 |population = 664,181 |population year = 2010 |median income = $48,603[1] |percent white = |percent black = |percent asian = |percent native american = |percent hispanic = |percent other race = |percent blue collar = |percent white collar = |percent gray collar = |cpvi = R+2[2] }}Maine's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Maine. Covering {{convert|27326|sqmi|km2}}, it comprises nearly 80% of the state's total land area. It is the largest district east of the Mississippi River and the 24th-largest overall. It is the second-most rural district in the United States, with 72.11% of its population in rural areas, behind only Kentucky's 5th congressional district.[3] The district comprises most of the land area north of the Portland and Augusta metropolitan areas. It includes the cities of Bangor, Lewiston, Auburn and Presque Isle. It included the city of Waterville until 2011, when Maine's Congressional redistricting process following the 2010 US Census led to a shift of district boundaries within Kennebec County. The district is currently represented by Democrat Jared Golden, who took office in 2019. The district tends to give its representatives long tenures in Washington, regardless of party. Only seven people have represented it since 1965. Further underlining this, when Golden unseated two-term Republican Bruce Poliquin in 2018, he became the first challenger to unseat an incumbent in the district since 1916.[4] HistoryUntil the Missouri Compromise was reached in 1820, Maine was a part of Massachusetts as the District of Maine. When it became a state in 1820, Maine had seven congressional districts credited to it (Massachusetts including Maine had been given 20 districts after the 1810 Census). Since Maine became a state, all but two districts have been reallocated to other states. In 2018 the district became the first in the United States to have the winner decided through ranked choice voting, after a referendum in 2016 changed Maine's electoral system from first-past-the-post to ranked choice. Incumbent representative Bruce Poliquin won a plurality of the first preference votes. However, the second and third preferences from two independent candidates flowed overwhelmingly to Jared Golden, allowing him to win with 50.6% of the vote once all preferences were distributed. Election results from presidential racesIn US presidential elections, most states give all the state's electoral votes to the candidate that wins the statewide popular vote. This is a type of winner-takes-all voting. Maine and Nebraska instead use the congressional district method, where the winner in each of the state's congressional districts gets one electoral vote, and the statewide winner gets an additional two electoral votes. Since Maine introduced this system in 1969, Maine's second district voted the same way as the entire state of Maine for every election until 2016.
CompositionThe boundaries of the District are open for reconsideration in light of population shifts revealed by the decennial US Census. Until 2011, Maine's constitution provided for the state to reapportion the Congressional districts based on census data every ten years beginning in 1983, which would have meant that the state was next due to consider redistricting in 2013. However, a federal lawsuit filed in March 2011 led to a requirement that Maine speed up its redistricting process.[6] Maine state legislators approved new boundaries on September 27, 2011.[7] 2013 – 2023{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
List of members representing the district
Recent election results{{Election box begin no change| title = 1978 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine: Maine's 2nd congressional district}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Olympia Snowe | votes = 87,939 | percentage = 50.82 | change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Markham L. Gartley | votes = 70,691 | percentage = 40.85 | change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Independent (United States) | candidate = Frederick W. Whittaker | votes = 8,035 | percentage = 4.64 | change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Independent (United States) | candidate = Eddie Shurtleff | votes = 1,923 | percentage = 1.11 | change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Independent (United States) | candidate = Robert H. Burmeister | votes = 1,653 | percentage = 0.96 | change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Independent (United States) | candidate = Margaret E. Cousins | votes = 1,573 | percentage = 0.91 | change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Independent (United States) | candidate = Robert L. Cousins | votes = 1,223 | percentage = 0.71 | change = }}{{Election box majority no change | votes = 17,248 | percentage = 9.97 | change = }}{{Election box turnout no change | votes = 173,037 | percentage = | change = }}{{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Republican Party (United States) | swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change | title = 1980 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine: Maine's 2nd congressional district}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Olympia Snowe (Incumbent) | votes = 186,406 | percentage = 78.51 | change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Harold L. Silverman | votes = 51,026 | percentage = 21.49 | change = }}{{Election box majority no change | votes = 135,380 | percentage = 57.02 | change = }}{{Election box turnout no change | votes = 237,612 | percentage = | change = }}{{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Republican Party (United States) | swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change | title = 1982 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine: Maine's 2nd congressional district}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Olympia Snowe (Incumbent) | votes = 136,075 | percentage = 66.65 | change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = James P. Dunleavy | votes = 68,086 | percentage = 33.35 | change = }}{{Election box majority no change | votes = 67,989 | percentage = 33.30 | change = }}{{Election box turnout no change | votes = 204,161 | percentage = | change = }}{{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Republican Party (United States) | swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change | title = 1984 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine: Maine's 2nd congressional district}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Olympia Snowe (Incumbent) | votes = 192,166 | percentage = 75.73 | change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Chipman C. Bull | votes = 57,347 | percentage = 22.60 | change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Constitution Party (United States) | candidate = Kenneth E. Stoddard | votes = 4,242 | percentage = 1.67 | change = }}{{Election box majority no change | votes = 134,819 | percentage = 53.13 | change = }}{{Election box turnout no change | votes = 253,755 | percentage = | change = }}{{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Republican Party (United States) | swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change | title = 1986 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine: Maine's 2nd congressional district}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Olympia Snowe (Incumbent) | votes = 148,770 | percentage = 77.33 | change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Kenneth P. Hayes | votes = 43,614 | percentage = 22.67 | change = }}{{Election box majority no change | votes = 105,156 | percentage = 54.66 | change = }}{{Election box turnout no change | votes = 192,384 | percentage = | change = }}{{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Republican Party (United States) | swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change | title = 1988 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine: Maine's 2nd congressional district}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Olympia Snowe (Incumbent) | votes = 167,226 | percentage = 66.21 | change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Kenneth P. Hayes | votes = 85,346 | percentage = 33.79 | change = }}{{Election box majority no change | votes = 81,880 | percentage = 32.42 | change = }}{{Election box turnout no change | votes = 252,572 | percentage = | change = }}{{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Republican Party (United States) | swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change | title = 1990 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine: Maine's 2nd congressional district}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Olympia Snowe (Incumbent) | votes = 121,704 | percentage = 51.02 | change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Patrick K. McGowan | votes = 116,798 | percentage = 48.97 | change = }}{{Election box candidate no change | party = | candidate = write-ins | votes = 20 | percentage = 0.01}}{{Election box majority no change | votes = 4,906 | percentage = 2.06 | change = }}{{Election box turnout no change | votes = 238,522 | percentage = | change = }}{{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Republican Party (United States) | swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change | title = 1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine: Maine's 2nd congressional district}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Olympia Snowe (Incumbent) | votes = 153,022 | percentage = 49.13 | change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Patrick K. McGowan | votes = 130,824 | percentage = 42.01 | change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Green Party (United States)|Green Independent | candidate = Jonathan Carter | votes = 27,526 | percentage = 8.84 | change = }}{{Election box candidate no change | party = | candidate = write-ins | votes = 61 | percentage = 0.02}}{{Election box majority no change | votes = 22,198 | percentage = 7.13 | change = }}{{Election box turnout no change | votes = 311,433 | percentage = | change = }}{{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Republican Party (United States) | swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change | title = 1994 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine: Maine's 2nd congressional district}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = John Baldacci | votes = 109,615 | percentage = 45.69 | change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Richard A. Bennett | votes = 97,754 | percentage = 40.75 | change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Independent (United States) | candidate = John M. Michael | votes = 21,117 | percentage = 8.80 | change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Green Party (United States) | candidate = Charles Fitzgerald | votes = 11,353 | percentage = 4.73 | change = }}{{Election box candidate no change | party = | candidate = write-ins | votes = 55 | percentage = 0.02}}{{Election box majority no change | votes = 11,861 | percentage = 4.94 | change = }}{{Election box turnout no change | votes = 239,894 | percentage = | change = }}{{Election box gain with party link without swing | winner = Democratic Party (United States) | loser = Republican Party (United States)}}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change | title = 1996 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine: Maine's 2nd congressional district}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = John Baldacci (Incumbent) | votes = 205,439 | percentage = 71.92 | change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Paul R. Young | votes = 70,856 | percentage = 24.81 | change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Independent (United States) | candidate = Aldric Saucier | votes = 9,294 | percentage = 3.25 | change = }}{{Election box candidate no change | party = | candidate = write-ins | votes = 47 | percentage = 0.02}}{{Election box majority no change | votes = 134,583 | percentage = 47.12 | change = }}{{Election box turnout no change | votes = 285,636 | percentage = | change = }}{{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) | swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change | title = 1998 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine: Maine's 2nd congressional district}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = John Baldacci (Incumbent) | votes = 146,202 | percentage = 76.20 | change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Jonathan Reisman | votes = 45,674 | percentage = 23.80 | change = }}{{Election box majority no change | votes = 100,528 | percentage = 52.39 | change = }}{{Election box turnout no change | votes = 191,876 | percentage = | change = }}{{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) | swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change | title = 2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine: Maine's 2nd congressional district}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = John Baldacci (Incumbent) | votes = 219,783 | percentage = 73.43 | change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Richard H. Campbell | votes = 79,522 | percentage = 26.57 | change = }}{{Election box majority no change | votes = 140,261 | percentage = 46.86 | change = }}{{Election box turnout no change | votes = 299,305 | percentage = | change = }}{{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) | swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change | title = 2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine: Maine's 2nd congressional district: }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Mike Michaud | votes = 116,868 | percentage = 52.01}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Kevin Raye | votes = 107,849 | percentage = 47.99}}{{Election box total no change | votes = 224,717 | percentage = 100.00}}{{Election box turnout no change | percentage = }}{{Election box hold with party link without swing | winner = Democratic Party (United States)}}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change | title = 2004 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine: Maine's 2nd congressional district}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Mike Michaud (incumbent) | votes = 199,303 | percentage = 58.03}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Brian Hamel | votes = 135,547 | percentage = 39.47}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Socialist Equality Party (United States) | candidate = Carl Cooley | votes = 8,586 | percentage = 2.50}}{{Election box total no change | votes = 343,436 | percentage = 100.00}}{{Election box turnout no change | percentage = }}{{Election box hold with party link without swing | winner = Democratic Party (United States)}}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change | title = 2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine: Maine's 2nd congressional district}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Mike Michaud (incumbent) | votes = 179,732 | percentage = 70.52}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = L. Scott D'Amboise | votes = 75,146 | percentage = 29.48}}{{Election box total no change | votes = 254,878 | percentage = 100.00}}{{Election box turnout no change | percentage = }}{{Election box hold with party link without swing | winner = Democratic Party (United States)}}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change | title = 2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine: Maine's 2nd congressional district}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Mike Michaud (incumbent) | votes = 226,274 | percentage = 67.44}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = John Frary | votes = 109,268 | percentage = 32.57}}{{Election box total no change | votes = 335,542 | percentage = 100.00}}{{Election box turnout no change | percentage = }}{{Election box hold with party link without swing | winner = Democratic Party (United States)}}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change | title = 2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine: Maine's 2nd congressional district}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Mike Michaud (incumbent) | votes = 147,042 | percentage = 55.13}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Jason J. Levesque | votes = 119,669 | percentage = 44.87}}{{Election box total no change | votes = 266,711 | percentage = 100.00}}{{Election box turnout no change | percentage = }}{{Election box hold with party link without swing | winner = Democratic Party (United States)}}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change |title= 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine: Maine's 2nd congressional district}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Mike Michaud (incumbent) | votes = 191,456 | percentage = 58.2}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Kevin Raye | votes = 137,542 | percentage = 41.8}}{{Election box total no change | votes = 328,998 | percentage = 100.0 }}{{Election box turnout no change | percentage = }}{{Election box hold with party link without swing | winner = Democratic Party (United States)}}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change | title = 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine: Maine's 2nd congressional district}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate = Bruce Poliquin | votes = 133,320 | percentage = 47.03 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Democratic Party (United States) | candidate = Emily Ann Cain | votes = 118,568 | percentage = 41.83 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | party = Independent (United States) | candidate = Blaine Richardson | votes = 31,337 | percentage = 11.05 }}{{Election box candidate no change | party = Others | candidate = | votes = 248 | percentage = 0.09 }}{{Election box total no change | votes = 283,473 | percentage = 100 }}{{Election box turnout no change | percentage = }}{{Election box gain with party link no change | winner = Republican Party (United States) | loser = Democratic Party (United States) }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change | title = 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine: Maine's 2nd congressional district}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | candidate = Bruce Poliquin | party = Republican Party (United States) | votes = 192,878 | percentage = 54.77 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | candidate = Emily Cain | party = Democratic Party (United States) | votes = 159,081 | percentage = 45.17 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | candidate = Jay Parker Dresser (Declared Write-In) | party = Libertarian Party (United States) | votes = 224 | percentage = 0.06 }}{{Election box candidate no change | candidate = Blank ballots | party = | votes = 12,703 | percentage = N/A }}{{Election box total no change | votes = 364,886 | percentage = 100 }}{{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Republican Party (United States) }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change | title = 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine: Maine's 2nd congressional district (RCV) The 2018 election was the first to use ranked-choice voting as opposed to plurality voting since the district's creation. }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | candidate = Bruce Poliquin | party = Republican Party (United States) | votes = 134,184 | percentage = 46.33 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | candidate = Jared Golden | party = Democratic Party (United States) | votes = 132,013 | percentage = 45.58 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | candidate = Tiffany L. Bond | party = Independent (United States) | votes = 16,552 | percentage = 5.71 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | candidate = William R.S. Hoar | party = Independent (United States) | votes = 6,875 | percentage = 2.37 }}{{Election box candidate no change | party = | candidate = Exhausted ballots (not included in total) | votes = 6,453 | percentage = N/A }}{{Election box total no change | votes = 289,624 | percentage = 100 }}{{Election box 2cp}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | candidate = Jared Golden | party = Democratic Party (United States) | votes = 142,440 | percentage = 50.62 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | candidate = Bruce Poliquin | party = Republican Party (United States) | votes = 138,931 | percentage = 49.38 }}{{Election box gain with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) | loser = Republican Party (United States) }}{{Election box end}} See also{{portal|United States|Maine}}
References1. ^https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=23&cd=02 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://cookpolitical.com/file/Arranged_by_State_District.pdf|title=Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress|publisher=The Cook Political Report|date=April 7, 2017|accessdate=April 7, 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://proximityone.com/cd113_2010_ur.htm|title=Congressional Districts – 113th Congress Demographics – Urban Rural Patterns|work=proximityone.com|accessdate=September 12, 2015}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/15/us/politics/poliquin-maine-loses.html|title=Maine’s Bruce Poliquin, Lone Republican in House From New England, Loses Re-election|author1=Kate Taylor|author2=Liam Stack|publisher=The New York Times|date=November 15, 2018}} 5. ^2016 Election Results The Press Herald 6. ^{{cite news|last=Associated Press|year=2011|title=Lawsuit aims to speed Maine redistricting|url=http://bangordailynews.com/2011/03/29/politics/federal-lawsuit-aims-to-speed-maine-redistricting/|work=Bangor Daily News|accessdate=December 17, 2012}} 7. ^{{cite web|last=Russell|first=Eric|year=2011|title=After long partisan fight, redistricting deal keeps boundaries much the same|url=http://bangordailynews.com/2011/09/27/politics/redistricting-deal-would-keep-district-lines-much-the-same|work=Bangor Daily News|accessdate=December 17, 2012}} External links
19 : Congressional districts of Maine|North Maine Woods|Androscoggin County, Maine|Aroostook County, Maine|Franklin County, Maine|Hancock County, Maine|Kennebec County, Maine|Oxford County, Maine|Penobscot County, Maine|Piscataquis County, Maine|Somerset County, Maine|Waldo County, Maine|Washington County, Maine|Constituencies established in 1821|Constituencies disestablished in 1883|Constituencies established in 1885|1821 establishments in Maine|1883 disestablishments in Maine|1885 establishments in Maine |
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