| 词条 | David Stannard |
| 释义 |
David Edward Stannard (born 1941) is an American historian and Professor of American Studies at the University of Hawaii. He is particularly known for his book American Holocaust (Oxford University Press, 1992), in which he argues that the genocide against the Native American population was the largest genocide in history. Early lifeHe was born to Florence E. Harwood Stannard and David L. Stannard, a businessman. He served in the armed forces and worked in the publishing industry between 1959 and 1968. In 1966 he married Valerie M. Nice. The couple, subsequently divorced, have two sons. CareerAfter returning to college in 1968, Stannard graduated magna cum laude from San Francisco State University in 1971. He then went to Yale and obtained an M.A. degree in history (1972), a Master of Philosophy in American Studies (1973), and a Ph.D. in American Studies in 1975. He has taught at Yale University, Stanford University, the University of Colorado, and the University of Hawaii. He has lectured throughout the United States, in Europe, and in Asia. He is currently a writer and professor in the Department of American Studies at the University of Hawaii, where he was awarded the Regents' Medal for Excellence in teaching. He has contributed dozens of articles to scholarly journals in a variety of fields. American HolocaustStannard's research on the indigenous peoples of North and South America (including Hawaii)[1] has produced the conclusion that Native Americans had undergone the "worst human holocaust the world had ever witnessed, roaring across two continents non-stop for four centuries and consuming the lives of countless tens of millions of people."[2] While acknowledging that the majority of the indigenous peoples fell victim to the ravages of European disease, he estimates that almost 100 million died in what he calls the American Holocaust.[3] In response to Stannard's figures, political scientist Rudolph Rummel has estimated that over the centuries of European colonization about 2 million to 15 million American indigenous people were the victims of what he calls democide, which excludes military battles and unintentional deaths in Rummel's definition. The vast majority of the victims of democide were in Latin America. "Even if these figures are remotely true," writes Rummel, "then this still make this subjugation of the Americas one of the bloodier, centuries long, democides in world history."[4] According to Guenter Lewy, Stannard's perspective has been joined by scholars Kirkpatrick Sale, Ben Kiernan, Lenore A. Stiffarm, Phil Lane, Jr., and Ward Churchill.[2] Samuel R. Cook of The American Indian Quarterly wrote: {{Quote| American Holocaust is a substantial addition to the library of injustice toward American Natives....From an ethical standpoint, works such as Stannard's are necessary to counterbalance the ethnocentricities of past historical works on Natives. From an academic standpoint, the book is an interdisciplinary monument. The author has taken an incredible amount of data and applied contemporary anthropological, demographic, and historical techniques to synthesize a comprehensive piece of scholarship. American Holocaust will provide a desirable textbook for students at both the graduate and undergraduate levels. Finally, scholars of Indian-white relations from various disciplines will find the book a valuable resource in terms of method and content."[5] |sign=|source=}}Alfred Crosby of The Boston Sunday Globe wrote: {{Quote| An important work that will have [Stannard] canonized by some and pilloried by others by the end of the Quincentennial Year. It is the product of massive reading in the important sources, years of pondering, and fury at what Europe hath wrought in America....His convincing claim is that what happened was the worst demographic disaster in the history of our species, that Old World diseases and Old World brutality reduced the number of Indians enormously and drove away many Native American peoples over the brink of extinction. How convincing are his evidence and reasoning? Very, I am unhappy to say....Nothing can be done to improve the past, but we can at least face it. David Stannard insists that we do."—Alfred Crosby, The Boston Sunday Globe[5] }}Personal lifeStannard is the longtime partner of writer Haunani-Kay Trask.[6] WorksStannard's published books include:
Shrinking History, published in 1980, was chosen by Psychology Today as one of the 'best books of the year'.[8] His other writings have been translated into German, French, Spanish, Italian, Turkish, and Japanese. In American Holocaust, he argues that the destruction of the aboriginal peoples of the Americas, in a "string of genocide campaigns" by Europeans and their descendants, was the most massive act of genocide in the history of the world.[9] Although praised by Howard Zinn, Vine Deloria, Dee Brown and others, Stannard's argument generated a great deal of critical commentary. He responded to much of it in a lengthy essay entitled "Uniqueness as Denial: The Politics of Genocide Scholarship", published in Is the Holocaust Unique?, edited by Alan S. Rosenbaum (Westview Press, 1996). Before the Horror has focused on Hawaii and the Pacific. Having dramatically and upwardly revised the estimated population of Hawaii at the time of Western contact from about 200,000 to between 800,000 and 1,000,000—a change that forced major rethinking about the entirety of Hawaii's history—that work is now being used as the foundation for re-examinations of indigenous population histories throughout the Pacific.[10]In 2005 Stannard's book Honor Killing used an infamous rape and murder case of the 1930s—one that involved Clarence Darrow arguing his final spectacular defense—to open up a detailed social and political examination of the Hawaiian Islands under US colonial rule. In its review The New York Review of Books described Honor Killing as "finely written and meticulously researched... a biopsy of the racist and imperial arrogance that are an integral, though seldom acknowledged, motif of the history of America."[11] AwardsStannard was the recipient of Guggenheim, Rockefeller, American Council of Learned Societies and other research fellowships and awards. References1. ^INTERVIEW: David Stannard. 2. ^1 Were American Indians the Victims of Genocide? 3. ^Stannard, p. x (quotation), p. 151 (death toll estimate). 4. ^Cook on Stannard, p. 12; Rummel's quote and estimate from his website, about midway down the page, after footnote 82. Rummel's estimate is presumably not a single democide, but is a total of multiple democides, since there were many different governments involved. 5. ^1 http://www.oupcanada.com/catalog/9780195085570.html 6. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2005/05/28/DDGR2CV6V41.DTL | work=The San Francisco Chronicle | title=The 1932 murder that exposed the hole in Hawaii's idyllic facade | first=Annie | last=Nakao | date=May 28, 2005}} 7. ^Lawrence Stone, "Death in New England," New York Review of Books, October 26, 1978. 8. ^STANNARD, David Edward 9. ^David Stannard (1992). American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-508557-4}}."far and away, the most massive act of genocide in the history of the world." 10. ^(See, for example, Patrick V. Kirch and Jean-Louis Rallu, eds)., The Growth and Collapse of Pacific Island Societies (University of Hawaii Press, 2007) 11. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2006/03/23/dishonor-in-hawaii/|title=Dishonor in Hawaii|last=Merwin|first=W. S.|date=2006-03-23|work=The New York Review of Books|access-date=2018-04-24|language=en|issn=0028-7504}} External links
| title =American Studies, David Stannard | work =Hawaii.edu | url =http://www.hawaii.edu/amst/textonly/people_stannard.htm | accessdate=2008-05-05 }} Profile.
| first =Annie | last =Nakao |date=28 May 2005 | title =The 1932 murder that exposed the hole in Hawaii's idyllic facade | journal =San Francisco Chronicle | url =http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2005/05/28/DDGR2CV6V41.DTL }}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Stannard, David Edward}} 5 : Writers from Hawaii|1941 births|Living people|Guggenheim Fellows|University of Hawaii faculty |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。