| 词条 | Marble Point |
| 释义 |
| name = Marble Point | official_name = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = Antarctic base | image_skyline = Secretary Kerry Walks Past a Series of Fuel Tanks After he Landed at Marble Point, Antarctica (30913580195).jpg | imagesize = 270 | image_caption = Fuel depots and refuge at Marble Point | image_flag = | flag_size = 110px | flag_border = no | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | mapsize = 270px | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Antarctica | pushpin_map_alt = Location of Marble Point in Antarctica | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Marble Point Station in Antarctica | pushpin_mapsize = 270 | pushpin_relief = yes | pushpin_label_position = | coordinates = {{coord|77.433333|S|163.833333|E|format=dms|region:AQ|display=inline}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{USA}} | subdivision_type1 = Location in Antarctica | subdivision_name1 = Marble Point Antarctica | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Administered by | subdivision_name3 = United States Antarctic Program | established_title = Established | established_date = {{start date|1956|df=y}} | extinct_title = | extinct_date = | named_for = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = {{bulleted list|Up to17}} | population_as_of = | population_density_km2 = | population_note = | population_demonym = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | blank_name_sec1 = Type | blank_info_sec1 = Seasonal | blank1_name_sec1 = Period | blank1_info_sec1 = Summer | blank2_name_sec1 = Status | blank2_info_sec1 = Operational | blank_name_sec2 = Facilities | blank_info_sec2 = |timezone = |timezone_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = | footnotes = }}{{Infobox airport | name = Marble Point Heliport | ensign = | ensign_size = | ensign_alt = | nativename = | nativename-a = | nativename-r = | image = UH-1N VXE-6 at Marble Point Antarctica 1988.JPEG | image-width = 270 | image_alt = | caption = A U.S. Navy UH-1N at Marble Point, 15 June 1988 | image2 = | image2-width = | image2_alt = | caption2 = | IATA = | ICAO = GC0079 | FAA = | TC = | LID = | GPS = | WMO = | type = Private | owner-oper = | owner = | operator = | city-served = | location = Marble Point Victoria Land | opened = | closed = | passenger_services_ceased = | hub = | focus_city = | built = | used = | commander = | occupants = | timezone = | utc = | summer = | utcs = | elevation-f = | elevation-m = | metric-elev = | coordinates = {{coord|77.413055|S|163.678889|E|format=dms|display=inline}} | website = | image_map = | image_mapsize = | image_map_alt = | image_map_caption = | pushpin_map = Antarctica | pushpin_mapsize = 270 | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location of airfield in Antarctica | pushpin_relief = | pushpin_image = | pushpin_label = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_mark = | pushpin_marksize = | r1-number = | r1-length-f = | r1-length-m = | r1-surface = Gravel | metric-rwy = | h1-number = | h1-length-f = | h1-length-m = | h1-surface = | stat1-header = | stat1-data = | stat-year = | footnotes = [1] }}Marble Point is a rocky promontory on the coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica, located at 77° 26' S latitude and 163° 50' E longitude. The United States operates a station at the point. The outpost is used as a helicopter refueling station supporting scientific research in the nearby continental interior such as the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Weather permitting, helicopters are able to fly in and out of the station 24 hours a day during the summer research season.[2] The station's remote location and adjoining frozen sea have largely stemmed tourism in the area. However, the Russian icebreaker Kapitan Khlebnikov conducts cruises in the Ross Sea and McMurdo Sound. In 1993, the icebreaker docked at fast ice offshore Marble Point. Tourists aboard helicopters launched from the icebreaker flew excursions into the McMurdo Dry Valleys.[3] HistoryThe way station at Marble Point is located on a narrow strip of land between Wilson Piedmont Glacier and the sea about 50 miles from McMurdo Station. United States military forces built the camp on the western shores of McMurdo Sound in 1956 in conjunction with the forthcoming 1957-58 International Geophysical Year (IGY). Preparation for IGY included constructing a hard-surface air strip at Marble Point. A VX-6 Otter airplane made Antarctica’s first wheels-on-dirt landing at Marble Point in 1957.[4] Aboard were U.S. Navy Admiral Dufeck and New Zealand explorer Sir Edmund Hillary.[5] A de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter aircraft crashed on take off at Marble Point January, 04, 1959, taking the lives of two men. The plane was part of Operation Deep Freeze IV. Contemporary Marble Point is staffed during the austral summer by a station manager, cook, and a "fuelie," a person who fuels helicopters (typically AStar and Bell 212's contracted by the United States Antarctic Program and Antarctica New Zealand, owned and operated by Petroleum Helicopters International). Hot meals and minimal overnight accommodations for 14 are available for pilots and personnel traveling to and from inland research operations. Personnel rely upon melted snow for potable water. A bulldozer is used to scoop snow from nearby Wilson Piedmont Glacier. The snow is dumped into a hopper for melting and subsequent filtration.[6] Other facilities at the station include an automated weather station. United States Antarctic Program (USAP) workers conducted a concerted cleanup at the station during the 1989-1990 and 1990-1991 summer research seasons.[7] Fuel spills are known to have occurred in the area. As late as 2001, spills more than 40 years old were still visible.[8] Contemporary operations include the collection of human waste at the station which is collected and transported to McMurdo Station. Re-supplyEach austral summer a United States Coast Guard icebreaker busts a ship channel to Marble Point in order to deliver helicopter fuel. The ship usually can reach within about one-quarter of a mile from the beach. Fuel is then pumped ashore. Formerly, personnel pumped the aviation fuel into 20,000 gallon bladders for storage. However, the fuel bladders were replaced with steel tanks.[7]Contaminated soil is present at Marble Point from fuel spills which occurred between 1957 and 1963.[https://web.archive.org/web/20060930153924/http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/international/IDP_NV/Issue20.html "Impact of fuel spills on Antarctica soils"], News and Views; United States Department of Agriculture. May 2000. Support personnel re-supply the camp annually via a convoy of over-the-ice vehicles from McMurdo Station. Drivers maneuver 15-ton Delta cargo vehicles equipped with large balloon-type tires over a more than 50-mile ice road. Alternatively, vehicles towing snow sleds are used to transport cargo. Drivers also deliver food, construction equipment, and scientific equipment that is staged at Marble Point for subsequent airlift to field camps. Flags placed approximately every quarter mile mark much of the ice road to Marble Point. Drivers carry global positioning devices as navigational aids during the seven-hour journey. Waste materials (including human waste) from Marble Point and garbage dropped off from inland research stations are back-loaded to McMurdo Station for disposal.[9] The supply season runs from mid-October to late November or early December. See also
GalleryReferences1. ^{{cite web|url= http://gc.kls2.com/airport/GC0079 |title= Marble point |website=Great Circle Mapper |publisher=|accessdate=August 13, 2018}} 2. ^"Gas, food and lodging: Marble Point serves up warmth and good cheer" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927220452/http://antarcticsun.usap.gov/oldissues99-2000/99_1128/marblepoint.html |date=2007-09-27 }}, The Antarctic Sun. November 28, 1999. 3. ^First Ever Voyages for Expedition Travel {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070114233822/http://www.quarkexpeditions.com/qf/index.shtml |date=2007-01-14 }} See McMurdo Sound for more on Antarctic tourism. 4. ^History'>of Antarctic development Squadron Six.THE "UNOFFICIAL" VXE-6 WEBPAGE for the (late-RIP) US Navy Squadron. 5. ^United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Photo Library. First ground landing at Marble Point. 6. ^Website of former Marble Point resident station at the site in December 2001. 7. ^1 [https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/stis1992/opp93081/opp93081.txt "Storage Tanks-Marble Point,"] National Science Foundation Division of Polar Programs, Office of the Environment. October 23, 1992 8. ^"Antarctic research jigsaw piece in global puzzle," October 8, 2001. The University of Waikato news release. 9. ^"Truckin’ on thick ice" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070218123528/http://antarcticsun.usap.gov/oldissues2000-2001/2000_1105/truckin.html |date=2007-02-18 }}, The Antarctic Sun. November 5, 2000. External links
3 : Headlands of Victoria Land|Outposts of Antarctica|1956 establishments in Antarctica |
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