| 词条 | Maria Leopoldine of Austria |
| 释义 |
|succession = Holy Roman Empress; German Queen; Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia; Archduchess consort of Austria | titles = | image =Lorenzo Lippi 005.jpg | caption =Portrait by Lorenzo Lippi, 1649 | coronation = | reign =2 July 1648 – 7 August 1649 | spouse =Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor | issue =Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria | house =Habsburg | father =Leopold V, Archduke of Further Austria | mother =Claudia de' Medici | birth_date ={{Birth date|1632|4|6|df=y}} | birth_place =Innsbruck, Tyrol | death_date ={{Death date and age|1649|8|7|1632|4|6|df=y}} | death_place =Vienna, Austria | buried =Imperial Crypt, Vienna, Austria | religion =Roman Catholicism }} Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Tyrol (6 April 1632 – 7 August 1649),[1] was by birth Archduchess of Austria and member of the Tyrolese branch of the House of Habsburg and by marriage the second spouse of her first cousin, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III. As such, she was Empress of the Holy Roman Empire, German Queen and Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia. She died in childbirth. LifeEarly yearsMaria Leopoldine was born in Innsbruck[2] on 6 April 1632 as the third (but second surviving) daughter and the fifth and youngest child of Leopold V, Archduke of Further Austria, and Claudia de' Medici. She was born posthumously, because her father died two months before her birth, on 13 September 1632.[2][3] On her father's side, her grandparents were Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria and his wife Princess Maria Anna of Bavaria and on her mother's side her grandparents were Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and his wife Princess Christina of Lorraine.[4] In addition to her full-siblings, she had and older half-sister, Vittoria della Rovere, born from her mother's first marriage with Federico Ubaldo della Rovere, Duke of Urbino.[5] Maria Leopoldine's oldest brother, Ferdinand Charles, inherited Further Austria, but Dowager Archduchess Claudia assumed regency because of her son's minority. In a letter written to his mother, Elizabeth of England, on 8 September 1641, Charles Louis of the Palatinate (later Elector Palatine) described the intentions of his uncle, King Charles I of England, and Maria Leopoldine's first cousin, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, to arrange a marriage between the 9-years-old Archduchess and himself; the marriage between them was to end "all grudges betweene our families".[6] However, the union never took place. Marriage and deathIn Linz on 2 July 1648 Maria Leopoldine married the widowed Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, thereby becoming empress of the Holy Roman Empire, Queen of the Germans, Queen of Hungary and Queen of Bohemia. The wedding ceremony was splendid;[7] The composer Andreas Rauch celebrated the marriage as "anticipating (with the help of Divine Providence) the most beautiful end of the Thirty Years' War"[8] and an opera titled I Trifoni d'Amore, produced by Giovanni Felice Sances, was meant to commemorate the event, but the Prague premiere was canceled at the last moment when King Vladislaus IV of Poland (Ferdinand III's brother-in-law) died within two months of the wedding; the planned Pressburg performance apparently never took place.[8] The new Empress was as closely related to her husband as her cousin and predecessor, Maria Anna of Spain; both marriages were means by which the House of Habsburg, from time to time, reinforced itself.[9] Soon after her wedding, Maria Leopoldine became pregnant, and was depicted as such in the 1649 painting by the Italian painter and poet Lorenzo Lippi. The Imperial couple's only child, Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria, was born on 7 August 1649.[10] The childbirth was extremely difficult, ending in the death of the 17-year-old Empress.[11] Her husband remarried within two years, while their son died childless aged 14.[2][8][12] She is buried in tomb 21 in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna. The writer Wolf Helmhardt von Hohberg, then at the beginning of his career, sent to Emperor Ferdinand III a poem written in honour of the late Empress, called "Poem of tears" (de: Klag-Gedicht).[13] Ancestors{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Maria Leopoldine of Austria |2= 2. Leopold V, Archduke of Austria |3= 3. Claudia de' Medici |4= 4. Charles II, Archduke of Austria[14] |5= 5. Maria Anna of Bavaria[14] |6= 6. Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany[15] |7= 7. Christina of Lorraine[15] |8= 8. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor[16] (= 22) |9= 9. Anna of Bohemia and Hungary[16] (= 23) |10= 10. Albert V, Duke of Bavaria[17] |11= 11. Anna of Austria[17] |12= 12. Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany[18] |13= 13. Eleanor de Toledo[18] |14= 14. Charles III, Duke of Lorraine[19] |15= 15. Claude of Valois[19] |16= 16. Philip I of Castile[20][21] |17= 17. Joanna of Castile[21] |18= 18. Vladislas II of Bohemia and Hungary[22] |19= 19. Anna of Foix-Candale[22] |20= 20. William IV, Duke of Bavaria[23] |21= 21. Marie of Baden-Sponheim[23] |22= 22. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor[24] (= 8) |23= 23. Anna of Bohemia and Hungary[24] (= 9) |24= 24. Giovanni dalle Bande Nere[18] |25= 25. Maria Salviati[18] |26= 26. Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, Marquis of Villafranca[25] |27= 27. Maria Osorio, 2nd Marquise of Villafranca[25] |28= 28. Francis I, Duke of Lorraine[26] |29= 29. Christina of Denmark[26] |30= 30. Henry II of France[27] |31= 31. Catherine de' Medici[27] }} References{{commonscat}}1. ^genealogy.euweb.cz Habsburg, retrieved 28 June 2017 2. ^1 2 Wurzbach 1861, p. 52. 3. ^Hartland 1854, p. 69. 4. ^{{cite book|first=Darryl |last=Lundy |date=20 February 2010 |title=Maria Leopoldina Erzherzogin von Österreich |publisher=ThePeerage.Com |url=http://thepeerage.com/p11207.htm#i112062}} cites {{cite book |first=Jirí |last=Louda |first2=Michael |last2=MacLagan |title=Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe |edition= 2nd |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Little, Brown and Company |year=1999 |at=table 80}} 5. ^{{cite book|first=Darryl |last=Lundy |date=20 February 2010 |title=Claudia de Medici, Principessa di Toscana |publisher=ThePeerage.Com |url=http://thepeerage.com/p11206.htm#i112053}} cites {{cite book |first=Jirí |last=Louda |first2=Michael |last2=MacLagan |title=Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe |edition= 2nd |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Little, Brown and Company |year=1999 |at=table 80}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Akkerman|first=Nadine|title=The Correspondence of Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2011|isbn=0199551081}} 7. ^{{cite book|last=Barthold|first=Friedrich Wilhelm|title=Geschichte des großen deutschen Krieges vom Tode Gustav Adolfs|publisher=Liesching|year=1843|isbn=1409421198}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Weaver|first=Andrew H.|title=Sacred Music as Public Image for Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III: Representing the Counter-Reformation Monarch at the End of the Thirty Years' War|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|year=2012|isbn=1409421198}} 9. ^{{cite book|last=Wedgwood|first=Cicely Veronica|title=The thirty years war|publisher=Jonathan Cape|year=1967|isbn=|accessdate=7 February 2013}} 10. ^Hartland 1854, p. 24. 11. ^{{cite book|last=Coxe|first=William|authorlink=William Coxe (historian)|title=History of the House of Austria, from the Foundation of the Monarchy by Rhodolph of Hapsburgh, to the Death of Leopold the Second|publisher=|year=1807|isbn=|accessdate=8 February 2013}} 12. ^Martin Mutschlechner: Ferdinand III - Ehen und Nachkommen in: habsburger.net [retrieved 03 November 2016]. 13. ^{{cite book|last=Kunisch|first=Hermann|title=Literarisches Jahrbuch|publisher=Duncker & Humblot|year=1971|isbn=|accessdate=8 February 2013}} 14. ^1 {{BLKO|wstitle=Habsburg, Leopold V. |volume=6 |page=416}} 15. ^1 {{BLKO |wstitle=Habsburg, Claudia von Florenz |volume=6 |page=159}} 16. ^1 {{BLKO|wstitle=Habsburg, Karl II. von Steiermark|volume=6 |page=352}} 17. ^1 {{BLKO|wstitle=Habsburg, Maria von Bayern |volume=7 |page=20}} 18. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.medici.org/general/PhotoEssay.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050425115958/http://www.medici.org/general/PhotoEssay.pdf |archive-date=2005-04-25 |format=PDF |publisher=The Medici Archive Project |title=The Medici Granducal Archive |pages=12–13 |access-date=2018-08-28 |df=dmy-all}} 19. ^1 {{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/christine-lorraine-c-1571-1637 |title=Christine of Lorraine (c. 1571–1637) |encyclopedia=Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia |publisher=Gale Research |year=2002 |access-date=2018-08-28 |df=dmy-all}} 20. ^{{Britannica|204416|Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor}} 21. ^1 {{Britannica|107009|Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor}} 22. ^1 {{NDB|1|299||Anna Jagjello|Obermayer-Marnach, Eva|133664473}} 23. ^1 {{NDB|1|158|160|Albrecht V.|Goetz, Walter|118647571}} 24. ^1 {{BLKO|wstitle=Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (1528–1587) |volume=6 |page=151}} 25. ^1 {{cite book | last = Cesati | first = Franco | year = 1999 | title = Medici | publisher = La Mandragora | location = Firenze | isbn = 88-85957-36-6 |page=75}} 26. ^1 {{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/christina-denmark-1521-1590 |title=Christina of Denmark (1521–1590) |encyclopedia=Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia |publisher=Gale Research |year=2002 |access-date=2018-08-28 |df=dmy-all}} 27. ^1 {{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/medici-catherine-de-1519-1589 |title=Medici, Catherine de (1519–1589) |encyclopedia=Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia |publisher=Gale Research |year=2002 |access-date=2018-08-28 |df=dmy-all}} Further reading
|-{{s-bef|rows=2|before=Maria Anna of Spain}}{{s-ttl|title=Empress of the Holy Roman Empire German Queen, Archduchess consort of Austria|years=1648–1649}}{{s-vac|rows=2|next=Eleanor of Mantua}} |-{{s-ttl|title=Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia|years=1648–1649}} |-{{s-end}}{{Austrian archduchesses}}{{Austrian archduchesses by marriage}}{{Hungarian consorts}}{{Authority control}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2012}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Maria Leopoldine of Austria}} 13 : 1632 births|1649 deaths|Holy Roman Empresses|Italian queens consort|17th-century House of Habsburg|German queens consort|Bohemian queens consort|Austrian royal consorts|Deaths in childbirth|Hungarian queens consort|17th-century women|People from Innsbruck|17th-century women of the Holy Roman Empire |
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