| 词条 | Marsh antwren |
| 释义 |
| name = Marsh antwren | image = Sao Paulo Antwren (male) -Sao Paulo, Brazil.jpg | image_caption = Male of the subspecies S. a. paludicola | status = CR | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | genus = Stymphalornis | parent_authority = Bornschein, Reinert & Teixeira, 1995 | species = acutirostris | authority = Bornschein, Reinert & Teixeira, 1995 | synonyms = Formicivora acutirostris }} The marsh antwren (Stymphalornis acutirostris), also known as the Paraná antwren, is a insectivorous bird in the antbird family Thamnophilidae. It is endemic to marshes and swamps in the Brazilian states of Paraná and Santa Catarina. It was first described in 1995.[2] Although initially placed in its own genus Stymphalornis, a subsequently molecular phylogenetic study has shown that the marsh antwren is closely related to species in the genus Formicivora.[3] It is threatened by habitat loss and currently considered Endangered by BirdLife International.[1] Two subspecies are recognised:[4][1]
The subspecies S. a. paludicola was discovered near São Paulo and described in 2013 as a new species in the genus Formicivora.[5] This subspecies has been found in fifteen small, isolated areas in the east of the state of São Paulo, not far from the city of São Paulo, in south-eastern Brazil. The sites lie within the headwaters of the Paraíba do Sul and Tietê Rivers, at elevations of {{cvt|600|–|760|m}}. There it inhabits marshes with relatively tall ({{cvt|60|–|250|cm}}) vegetation. Much of its habitat is degraded and threatened by agricultural, industrial and residential development.[5] Males of the subspecies S. a. paludicola can be distinguished from those of the nominate subspecies by their black underparts and thighs, very dark grey-brown upperparts, and a smaller exposed culmen. Females are distinguished by their very dark grey-brown upperparts and flanks, and smaller exposed culmen.[5] The fourth edition of the Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World and the online edition of the Handbook of the Birds of the World both treat the two subspecies as separate species and place them in the genus Formicivora. In their treatment Formicivora acutirostris is given the English name "Parana antwren" and Formicivora paludicola the name "marsh antwren".[6][7][8] The suspended cup-shaped nest is made of dry vegetation. It is usually attached to reeds or grasses at a height of between {{cvt|40|and|130|cm}} above the ground. The clutch is two white eggs which have irregular brown blotches. The average size is {{cvt|18.9|by|14.0|mm}} with a weight of around {{cvt|1.8|g}}.[9] References1. ^1 2 {{cite web | author=BirdLife International | title=Formicivora acutirostris | work=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature | url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22724477/94868281 | year=2016 | doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22724477A94868281.en | accessdate=15 December 2018}} {{cite web | author=BirdLife International | title=Formicivora paludicola | work=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature | url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/103657434/130676616 | year=2018 | doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T103657434A130676616.en | accessdate=15 December 2018}} 2. ^{{ cite book | last1=Bornschein | first1=M.R. | last2=Reinert | first2=B.L. | last3=Teixeira | first3=D.M. | year=1995 | title=Um novo Formicariidae do Sul do Brasil (Aves, Passeriformes) | language=Portuguese | series=Publicação Técnico-Científica do Instituto Iguaçu de Pesquisa e Preservação Ambiental | volume=Volume 1| place=Rio de Janeiro, Brasil | publisher=Instituto Iguaçu de Pesquisa e Preservação Ambiental | pages=1–18 | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320719907_Um_novo_Formicariidae_do_Sul_do_Brasil_Aves_Passeriformes }} 3. ^{{ cite journal | last1=Bravo | first1=G.A. | last2=Remsen | first2=J.V. | last3=Brumfield | first3=R.T. | year=2014 | title=Adaptive processes drive ecomorphological convergent evolution in antwrens (Thamnophilidae) | journal=Evolution | volume=68 | issue=10 | pages=2757–2774 | doi=10.1111/evo.12506 }} 4. ^{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2018 | title=Antbirds | work=World Bird List Version 8.1 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/antbirds/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=23 February 2018 }} 5. ^1 2 {{ cite journal | last1=Buzzetti | first1=D.R.C. | last2=Belmonte-Lopes | first2=R. | last3=Reinert | first3=B.L. | last4=Silveira | first4=L.F. | last5=Bornschein | first5=L.R. | year=2013 | title=A new species of Formicivora Swainson, 1824 (Thamnophilidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil | journal=Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia | volume=21 | issue=4 | pages=269–291 | doi= | url=http://www4.museu-goeldi.br/revistabrornito/revista/index.php/BJO/article/viewFile/5409/pdf_860 }} 6. ^{{ cite book | editor-last1=Dickinson | editor-first1=E.C. | editor1-link=Edward C. Dickinson | editor-last2=Christidis | editor-first2=L. | editor2-link=Leslie Christidis | year=2014 | title=The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World | volume=Volume 2: Passerines | edition=4th | place=Eastbourne, UK | publisher=Aves Press | isbn=978-0-9568611-2-2 | page=72 }} 7. ^{{cite web | last1=Zimmer | first1=K. | last2=Isler | first2=M.L. | last3=de Juana | first3=E. | year=2018 | title=Parana Antwren (Formicivora acutirostris) | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Sargatal | editor3-first=J. | editor4-last=Christie | editor4-first=D.A. | editor5-last=de Juana | editor5-first=E. | work=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive | publisher=Lynx Edicions | url=https://www.hbw.com/node/56770 | accessdate=8 March 2018 | subscription=true }} 8. ^{{cite web | last=Kirwan | first=G.M. | year=2018 | title=Marsh Antwren (Formicivora paludicola) | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Sargatal | editor3-first=J. | editor4-last=Christie | editor4-first=D.A. | editor5-last=de Juana | editor5-first=E. | work=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive | publisher=Lynx Edicions | url=https://www.hbw.com/node/937322 | accessdate=8 March 2018 | subscription=true }} 9. ^{{ cite journal | last1=Reinert | first1=B.L. | last2=Belmonte-Lopes | first2=R. | last3=Bornschein | first3=M.R. | last4=Sobotka | first4=D.D. | last5=Corrêa | first5=L. | last6=Pie | first6=M.R. | last7=Pizo | first7=M.R. | year=2012 | title=Nest and eggs of the Marsh Antwren (Stymphalornis acutirostris): the only marsh-dwelling Thamnophilid | journal=Wilson Journal of Ornithology | volume=124 | issue=2 | pages=286–291 | doi=10.1676/11-099.1 }} External links
5 : Thamnophilidae|Birds of the Atlantic Forest|Endemic birds of Brazil|Birds described in 1995|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
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