| 词条 | Deerfoot Trail | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|country=CAN |type=Fwy |name=Deerfoot Trail |marker_image= |alternate_name=Highway 2 |map_notes=Calgary area with Deerfoot Trail highlighted in red |maint=Carmacks Enterprises Ltd.[1] |map=Deerfoot Trail 2019.png |history={{plainlist|
|length_km=46.40 |length_ref={{efn|name=lengthnote}} |direction_a=South |terminus_a= Hwy 2 / 2A near De Winton |junction={{plainlist|
Anderson Rd / Bow Bottom Tr Glenmore Trail Memorial Drive
Beddington Trail}} |direction_b=North |terminus_b= Stoney Trail near Balzac |browse=Calgary Skeletal Roads Provincial highways in Alberta }} Deerfoot Trail is a {{convert|46.4|km|mi|adj=on}} freeway segment of Highway 2 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It stretches the entire length of the city from south to north and links suburbs to downtown via Memorial Drive and 17 Avenue SE. It also forms part of the CANAMEX Corridor which connects Calgary to Edmonton and Interstate 15 in the United States via Highways 3 and 4. The freeway begins south of Calgary where it splits from Macleod Trail, crosses the Bow River into city limits, and reaches the Stoney Trail ring road. Crisscrossing twice more with the river, it intersects Glenmore Trail and Memorial Drive; the former is a major east–west expressway while the latter is a freeway spur into downtown. In north Calgary, it crosses Highway 1 and passes Calgary International Airport before ending at a second interchange with Stoney Trail. Highway 2 becomes the Queen Elizabeth II Highway as it continues north into Rocky View County towards Edmonton. Originally called Blackfoot Trail Freeway upon the opening of the first section in 1971, it was renamed in 1974 to honour Deerfoot, a late 19th century Siksika Nation (Blackfoot) long distance runner known for his exceptional speed. Subsequent sections opened in 1975, 1980, 1982 and 2003. Deerfoot was not entirely a freeway until 2005 when the final of four at-grade intersections in southeast Calgary was converted to an interchange. Well known for its frequent rush hour congestion and collisions, traffic levels have steadily increased as Calgary's population has tripled to over 1.2 million since 1971. The mostly six-lane freeway is Alberta's busiest road with volume exceeding 170,000 vehicles per day between Highway 1 and Memorial Drive in 2017, more than twice that for which it was designed. The province of Alberta has been fiscally responsible for the road since 2000 but now seeks to offload maintenance and future improvement costs to the city of Calgary. The two parties remain at odds over who should operate the road in the long-term but began a joint study in 2016 that has continued into 2019. It offered five short-term recommendations in 2017 and by the end of 2019 will present a long-term strategy for upgrades. In March 2019, Alberta committed $478 million to Deerfoot Trail improvements; the work is scheduled to begin in 2023. Route descriptionOverviewAs a segment of Highway 2, Deerfoot Trail is a core route of the National Highway System and a key international corridor.[2] It is also part of Calgary's Primary Goods Movement Network and is identified as a skeletal road in the city's Transportation Plan, a limited-access route important for long distance travellers, and is the only route that stretches the entire length of the city from north to south.[3] From its split with Highway 2A (Macleod Trail) near the hamlet of De Winton in the south, it runs north to Stoney Trail at Calgary's northern city limit where it becomes the Queen Elizabeth II Highway.[4][5] The freeway roughly bisects the city, though it lies entirely east of Centre Street which officially marks the boundary between the east and west side of the city. From its southern terminus until Memorial Drive, Deerfoot approximates the course of the Bow River. Initially the freeway is on the east side, then crosses to the west bank, and finally back to the east before the river and Memorial Drive veer west at Inglewood towards downtown.[6] Most of the road's northern half parallels Nose Creek, a tributary of the Bow.[7] Deerfoot is a divided freeway for its entire 46.4-kilometre length, ranging from four to eight lanes wide. The northbound and southbound lanes are separated by an approximately {{Convert|15|m|adj=on}} wide depressed grass median near De Winton, which narrows and becomes a combination of Jersey and constant-slope barriers through most of south Calgary before returning to grass of varying widths from 17 Avenue SE to the north terminus.[8] In north Calgary the grass median is supplemented by {{cvt|10.75|km|1}} of high-tension cable barriers (HTCB) that were added in 2007, virtually eliminating the risk of serious median collisions.[9][10]{{Rp|5}} It was the first major HTCB installation in Canada.[10]{{Rp|2}} The freeway has a posted speed limit of {{cvt|110|km/h}} from its origin at Highway 2A until just after the first Bow River crossing, after which the limit is reduced to {{cvt|100|km/h}} for the next {{cvt|34|km}} through most of Calgary until Beddington Trail in the northeast where the limit returns to 110 km/h.[12] The entire route is paved with asphalt, except for a {{cvt|12|km}} concrete section in south Calgary.[13]{{Rp|3}} Alberta Transportation, the branch of the Alberta government who operate and maintain all highways in the province, signed a contract with Carmacks Enterprises for maintenance of Deerfoot Trail from Stoney Trail in south Calgary to the northern city limit.[1] The province intends to return control of the freeway to the city, but it is desirable for the city to avoid the significant maintenance and rehabilitation costs associated with the freeway and have the road remain under provincial control for as long as possible.[15] Former Calgary mayor Rod Sykes said, "I wouldn’t take on the problems of the Deerfoot if I were at City Hall now."[15] South CalgaryDeerfoot Trail begins as a rural freeway near De Winton where two lanes fork to the northeast from Macleod Trail and descend across Dunbow Road toward the Bow River.[17] It crosses the river on twin {{convert|236|m|ft|adj=on}} bridges[18]{{Rp|21}} constructed over an environmentally sensitive area of the valley.[19] Rising from the river, the freeway enters Calgary limits and its southern suburban neighbourhoods of Cranston and Seton to which access is provided by a partial cloverleaf interchange. A major junction at the Stoney Trail ring road immediately follows, with signage recommending that traffic destined for the International Airport, Edmonton, and Medicine Hat use eastbound Stoney Trail as a bypass.[20] Continuing north as an eight lane freeway, Deerfoot passes between the communities of McKenzie Lake and McKenzie Towne, crossing 130 Avenue SE to the south terminus of Barlow Trail. It then reduces to six lanes, curving to the west through the neighbourhoods of Douglasdale and Douglasglen across the Bow River on the Ivor Strong Bridge, named after John Ivor Strong who served as Chief Commissioner for Calgary until 1971.[21] Immediately after the river, Deerfoot merges with the major routes of Anderson Road and Bow Bottom Trail, often a point of congestion at rush hour. In both directions, traffic through the outdated interchange is reduced from three lanes to two.[1] The freeway curves north along the river's west bank to cross Southland Drive, paralleling Blackfoot Trail near the community of Acadia.[6] North of Acadia, the freeway bisects a large area of commercial development for several kilometres before reaching a major interchange at Glenmore Trail.[24] The interchange is generally identified as the second of two major congestion points on Deerfoot in south Calgary, the so called "Glenmore squeeze", where traffic is reduced to two lanes each way over Glenmore.[25] Deerfoot turns sharply to the east and again crosses the Bow River on the Calf Robe Bridge, named after a Siksika Nation elder.[15] Veering back to the north, it follows the river's east bank across Peigan Trail to a partial cloverleaf interchange at 17 Avenue SE, passing the neighbourhoods of Dover and Southview. Deerfoot meets Memorial Drive, a major freeway spur into downtown, near Pearce Estate Wetland, Calgary Zoo and the Max Bell Centre, and continues into north Calgary while the Bow River turns west towards downtown.[6][28] North CalgaryIn north Calgary, the freeway climbs along the east side of Nose Creek, a tributary of the Bow River.[7] From Memorial Drive, it passes the Vista Heights neighbourhood to 16 Avenue NE (Highway 1/Trans-Canada Highway); this section has been largely unchanged since its completion in 1975.[28] The six lane freeway enters light commercial development north of 32 Avenue NE. Access to Huntington Hills and Deerfoot Mall are then provided by an interchange at 64 Avenue NE.[7] Beddington Trail splits to the northwest from Deerfoot, following Nose Creek into a large residential area of north Calgary that includes the neighbourhoods of Country Hills, Panorama Hills, and Hidden Valley. The speed limit on Deerfoot increases to 110 km/h as development tapers in an increasingly rural area of north Calgary. After West Nose Creek Park, an interchange with Airport Trail serves as the primary access for Calgary International Airport, and to the west, the neighbourhood of Harvest Hills via 96 Avenue NE.[2] North of Airport Trail, the freeway curves northeast through light commercial areas across Country Hills Boulevard and ends at an interchange with Stoney Trail.[3][4] It continues north to Airdrie as the Queen Elizabeth II Highway.[5] Traffic and collisionsDeerfoot Trail is Alberta's busiest highway by a significant margin over Glenmore Trail, with peak daily congestion lasting as many as four hours.[36][37] Its most travelled stretch is between Memorial Drive and 16 Avenue NE (Trans-Canada Highway) as traffic from Calgary's northern and eastern suburbs converge to travel via Memorial Drive into downtown, in addition to traffic transiting the city and other intra-city trips.[37] The freeway was designed to carry approximately 65,000 vehicles per day but as of 2015 carries almost triple that volume near Memorial Drive.[39] In late 2013, the southeastern segment of Stoney Trail was opened to traffic. In conjunction with the northeast portion which opened in 2009, it formed a full eastern bypass of Calgary providing an alternate route for traffic transiting the city.[40] Traffic levels on Deerfoot Trail decreased in the year following the opening, but have since risen to pre-Stoney levels.[41][42] In a 2016 study, Calgary ranked tenth in traffic congestion among major Canadian cities, with drivers spending nearly 16 hours of the year in standstill traffic.[43] The excessive volume of traffic on Deerfoot Trail is a contributing factor to the 10,000 collisions recorded between 2002 and 2007, including 24 fatalities.[44] Constable Jeff Klatt of the Calgary Police Service stated that there is a "consensus among police officers that it’s dangerous to do traffic stops" on Deerfoot Trail.[15] A 1993 incident in which a stolen vehicle struck and killed a police officer on Deerfoot was the catalyst for the Calgary Police Service's acquisition of a helicopter.[46] 2013 statistics confirmed that Deerfoot Trail had more crashes and traffic jams than any other road in Calgary.[47] Deerfoot has many entrances and exits in close proximity which exacerbates problems, but some have attributed a portion of the congestion to driver error. Constable Jim Lebedeff of the Calgary Police Service stated, "a lot of people don’t understand, or don’t want to understand, how to merge properly."[15] 30% of respondents to a 2016 poll stated that the main reason they avoid Deerfoot Trail is because they do not feel safe on the freeway.[49] In 2015, plans for improvements to Deerfoot Trail near Southland Drive were cancelled and a study was initiated to determine the best course of action to begin improving the freeway.[25][51] The Calf Robe Bridge is also prone to collisions as its concrete deck becomes slick in cold weather, and large curves precede and follow the bridge.[15] A 1996 crash on the bridge claimed the life of a teenager when her northbound car struck the rear of a fire truck parked in the left shoulder attending to an accident in the southbound lanes. Poor visibility due to the curve prior to the bridge was a contributing factor in a successful lawsuit by the girl's family against Calgary.[53] {{Clear}}
InterchangesThe freeway features 21 interchanges of varying design.[4] The most recent interchanges to be constructed at the north and south ends of the freeway are more consistently of the partial cloverleaf type, a design highly utilized in Alberta as it is a desirable compromise between cost and capacity. The two interchanges with Stoney Trail are cloverstack interchanges, where high capacity directional flyovers carry traffic turning left through the interchange and lesser utilized left turn movements are serviced by loop ramps.[56][57] Older and less efficient designs are used at Deerfoot's intersections with both Glenmore Trail and Highway 1. The junction with Glenmore is an incomplete cloverleaf interchange; traffic northbound on Deerfoot does not have direct access to westbound Glenmore and one must first exit to the east, proceed through a traffic light behind Calgary Auto Mall, and enter Glenmore Trail from the north side.[6] At Highway 1, a split diamond interchange significantly slows east-west traffic even outside of peak hours, because all left turn movements must pass through three sets of traffic lights.[59] This outdated interchange was Calgary's most dangerous road junction in 2011, with 234 crashes recorded.[15] HistoryPredecessor highwaysPrior to the completion of Deerfoot Trail, the historic alignment of Highway 2 in south Calgary was along Macleod Trail as an extension of 4 Street, parallel to a branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway from Calgary to Macleod.[61][62] Macleod Trail has since been designated Highway 2A, on a routing largely the same as the original.[63] It is now a busy expressway connecting Midnapore and other southwestern suburbs to downtown. The southernmost portion of the route from Highway 22X to De Winton would continue to serve as Highway 2 until completion of a Deerfoot Trail extension from its then southernmost point at the neighbourhood of Cranston to De Winton in 2003.[64] In north Calgary, Highway 2 was originally composed of four present-day routes: Edmonton Trail, 41 Avenue, 48 Avenue, and Barlow Trail. Edmonton Trail is now a busy urban street on the west bank of Nose Creek through the neighbourhood of Highland Park, but its alignment in the 1920s had it curving to the northeast across the creek along present-day 41 Avenue to 48 Avenue where it continued east past the airport to Barlow Trail and north to Edmonton as Highway 1, later renamed to Highway 2.[65][66] By the 1960s, Highway 2 had been realigned to follow Macleod Trail until turning east at Glenmore Trail before continuing north on Blackfoot Trail, veering to the northeast, and crossing the Bow River to join Barlow Trail to the north city limit.[67] The former Edmonton Trail was re-signed as Highway 2A. As the airport continued to expand, 48 Avenue was reduced to an airport service road after the construction of McKnight Boulevard.[7] Long after the completion and opening of Deerfoot Trail and its signing as Highway 2, the segment of Barlow Trail north of McKnight Blvd was closed in 2011 to allow construction of a new {{convert|14000|ft|adj=on}} runway at Calgary International Airport.[69] Early plans and constructionDue to its quickly rising population in the 1960s, Calgary initiated planning for the construction of an extensive freeway and expressway network that included numerous north–south and east–west routes.[70] Many of these routes were ultimately not developed into freeways, but a 1967 transportation study planned for a major north–south freeway running along the west side of the Calgary Airport across the Bow River into Inglewood, remaining west of the Bow River through present-day Fish Creek Provincial Park.[71] Initially called the Blackfoot Trail Freeway, the first segment stretched from the northern city boundary (then near Deerfoot's present-day split with Beddington Trail) to 16 Avenue NE, opening in 1971.[15] It was named after a historic route that approximated the location of present-day Memorial Drive across Nose Creek, between Barlow Trail and the community of St. George's Heights, now the location of the Calgary Zoo.[15][62] This trail appears on Calgary maps as early as 1891. In 1974, signs were unveiled renaming the road after a Siksika Nation long-distance runner nicknamed Deerfoot.[76][77] In 1884 he became known in the Calgary area as a great talent and won races against runners from as far away as Europe. Controversy arose when Deerfoot won a race but his opponent was credited with the victory. Unhappy with the result, his attitude began to change; he committed theft from a cabin, and was later the subject of a massive manhunt.[78] He spent time in and out of police custody for various crimes, before dying of tuberculosis while in prison for assault.[76] He had reportedly been receiving medical treatment for the disease since his arrival to the prison.[80] In December 1974, Premier Peter Lougheed reiterated his opposition to the planned routing for the southern portion of Deerfoot Trail, which would take the freeway along the west side of the Bow River through Fish Creek Park.[67][82] Lougheed acknowledged that diverting the freeway to the east would be significantly more expensive, but was firm on protecting and preserving Fish Creek as an urban park.[82] The revised alignment took the freeway approximately {{cvt|1|km}} east of the river through present-day Douglasdale, McKenzie Towne, and McKenzie Lake.[15] Bow Bottom Trail, a major arterial road, was built in the wide right of way that had been reserved for Deerfoot Trail.[85] A second section extending the road further south to 17 Avenue SE opened on January 20, 1975.[77] The new pavement continued south alongside Nose Creek and was originally to carry on straight across the river into Inglewood, but residents of the neighbourhood fought adamantly against construction of the freeway in their community. City Hall conceded, resulting in the present-day alignment that keeps the freeway east of the Bow River as it passes downtown.[15][28] CompletionOn December 2, 1980, an extension of Deerfoot Trail south to Glenmore Trail was opened, able to handle up to 80,000 vehicles per day.[89] It was advertised as an alternative north–south route to the nearby Blackfoot Trail.[89] Construction of the $70 million {{cvt|6.5|km}} extension took more than two years, and was described as "badly needed" by mayor Ralph Klein.[89] The new concrete road included the Calf Robe Bridge over the Bow River and an interchange at 43 Avenue SE, now called Peigan Trail.[89] The next section, then intended to be the final segment, extended Deerfoot to Highway 22X (now Stoney Trail) on the altered alignment east of the river. It opened on November 22, 1982 at a cost of $165 million.[93] It featured interchanges at Southland Drive and Anderson Road/Bow Bottom Trail. A second crossing of the Bow River on the Ivor Strong Bridge took Deerfoot to an at-grade intersection with 24 Street, and a signalized intersection at Barlow Trail which had been extended south from Glenmore Trail as part of the Deerfoot project.[93] Highway 2 was realigned in Calgary to follow Macleod Trail north to Anderson Road, then east on Anderson Road to the new interchange at Deerfoot Trail where it turned north to follow Deerfoot to the city limit near the airport.[95] Plans to add a third level flyover at Memorial Drive by 1987[93] did not come to fruition. The original configuration of the interchange was modified in 1983 to add a loop ramp for traffic turning northbound onto Deerfoot Trail from eastbound Memorial. A new ramp was also constructed for traffic turning west onto Memorial from northbound Deerfoot, passing underneath eastbound Memorial before joining westbound Memorial from the left.[97][18]{{Rp|30}} The province took over responsibility from the City of Calgary in 2000 to upgrade the route to a freeway and render the CANAMEX Corridor a contiguous route through the city, after which they intended to return the road to the city.[99][100] In 2003, a $100 million extension was completed extending Deerfoot Trail from its junction with Highway 22X to its present terminus near De Winton.[64] During planning, the segment had been temporarily designated as Highway 2X.[102] Prior to the {{convert|10|km|adj=on}} project, Deerfoot was effectively disconnected from the rest of Highway 2.[103] Traffic continuing south to Fort Macleod proceeded west on a two lane bridge carrying Highway 22X over the Bow River, before turning south onto Macleod Trail, which was then designated as Highway 2.[95] The section of Highway 22X over the river became Stoney Trail (Highway 201) in 2013,[63] and a second bridge was completed in 2007 to carry the westbound lanes, while the original bridge built in 1974 carries the eastbound lanes.[18]{{Rp|109}} Interchanges were constructed at Barlow Trail, 130 Avenue SE, McKenzie Towne Boulevard, Cranston Avenue, and Dunbow Road between 2000 and 2004.[18]{{rp|21–24}} The last set of traffic lights was removed in 2005 upon completion of the interchange at Douglasdale Boulevard, making the entire length of Deerfoot Trail a freeway.[18]{{Rp|25}} Since completionIn an effort to reduce head-on collisions caused by vehicles crossing over the grass median in north Calgary, the installation of high tension cable barriers was completed in the first half of 2007.[10]{{Rp|3}} In 2009, modifications were made to the interchange of Peigan, Barlow, and Deerfoot Trails, built in 1979.[18]{{Rp|28}} The existing westbound to southbound ramp left little distance for traffic to merge, causing bottlenecks.[111] The ramp was modified to first curve north and then loop back underneath itself, extending the merge distance before the three southbound lanes crossed Ogden Road and then the Bow River.[111] In November 2009, construction of a major interchange at the northern terminus of Deerfoot Trail was completed, connecting it to the northeast and northwest sections of Stoney Trail.[113] In August 2013, 96 Avenue NE was extended to the east across West Nose Creek and the Canadian Pacific Railway tracks to meet the existing interchange at Deerfoot Trail and Airport Trail.[114] It provided an alternative to Beddington Trail and Country Hills Boulveard for access to the neighbourhood of Harvest Hills.[114] The project included a controversial $470,000 piece of public art, a {{convert|17|m|ft|adj=on}} tall blue ring called "Travelling Light" that lies on the north side of 96 Avenue between the railway and Nose Creek.[116] Highly visible from Deerfoot, the ring received national attention and was called "awful" and "terrible" by Calgary mayor Naheed Nenshi,[116] and "an example of bureaucracy run amok" by Councillor Jyoti Gondek.[118] The mostly negative feedback prompted Calgary to review its allocation of funds to public art on infrastructure projects.[119] As part of Stoney Trail construction in 2013, Deerfoot Trail was upgraded between the most southerly Bow River crossing north and McKenzie Lake Boulevard.[40] It was widened to six through lanes from Stoney Trail to the Bow River at Calgary's southern limit, and elevated directional ramps were added to the major interchange at Deerfoot and Stoney Trail to support significantly higher traffic levels. A braided ramp was constructed northbound between Cranston Avenue and Stoney Trail, preventing northbound traffic exiting to eastbound Stoney Trail from conflicting with Auburn Bay and Cranston traffic merging onto northbound Deerfoot Trail.[121][122] FutureIn March 2017, construction of a partial cloverleaf interchange was approved in south Calgary at 212 Avenue SE, between the Bow River and 192 Avenue.[123] Calgary will pay for the project initially, and later be repaid by Alberta and Brookfield Residential, who are developing the neighbourhood in the vicinity of the interchange.[123] Prior to a firm commitment for a portion of the funding by Brookfield, Alberta had been reluctant to front the estimated $50 million in funding required for the project, though the city of Calgary had offered to pay for it in the interim as long as the money was paid back by the province.[125] The city had also considered contributing $20 million in tandem with Brookfield, with the province paying for the remaining $30 million.[126] City councillor Shane Keating stated in August 2016 that development of the Seton neighbourhood will be hampered until the 212 Avenue interchange is completed.[125] A study was completed by Alberta in 2007 to determine the best course of action for upgrades to the incomplete interchange of Glenmore Trail and Deerfoot Trail.[128] The interchange carries 130,000 vehicles per day on Deerfoot Trail and 100,000 vehicles on Glenmore making it one of the busiest interchanges in Alberta, but there is no direct access for traffic turning from northbound Deerfoot to westbound Glenmore.[128] Stage 1 of the proposed improvements would not remedy this problem, but rather correct a pinch point on Deerfoot Trail by constructing a new three lane bridge to carry the northbound lanes over Glenmore.[130] Deerfoot Trail would then be three lanes each way through the interchange. Ultimately, a large cloverstack interchange is planned with left-turn movements handled by third-level directional flyovers providing free-flowing access to and from Deerfoot Trail. The proposed ultimate configuration would require acquisition of land from adjacent properties for the construction of the flyovers and other modifications to Glenmore Trail.[131] The planning study also calls for the construction of a new bridge alongside the existing Calf Robe Bridge, as part of a local-express system between Peigan and Glenmore Trails.[128] Glenmore Trail would be widened to as many as 10 lanes between Blackfoot and Deerfoot Trails, along with modifications of the interchange at Blackfoot Trail, and the addition of braided ramps to facilitate the new flyovers.[128] Alberta Transportation and the city of Calgary began a study in 2016 to develop short-term and long-term plans for Deerfoot Trail.[134] Almost the entire length of the freeway is being assessed, though changes are not anticipated for the two major interchanges at Stoney Trail, completed in 2009 and 2013.[134] The study hopes to address Deerfoot Trail problems overall, as opposed to localized solutions that could simply shift traffic bottlenecks to another section of the freeway.[134] Due to the complexity of the freeway, long-term recommendations will not be available until the end of 2018,[134] but five short-term options were presented in May 2017.[3] They include a braided ramp in south Calgary between Southland Drive and Anderson Road, a jughandle intersection at 32 Avenue NE and 12 Street NE, left turn restrictions on McKnight Boulveard east of Deerfoot, and a pair of new northbound on-ramps between McKnight Boulevard and Airport Trail.[3] All possibilities for improvement are being considered, including high-occupancy vehicle lanes.[140] Despite the initial fixes presented by the study, Alberta Transportation did not include any of the proposed projects on the list of unfunded capital projects.[141] In 2017, the City of Calgary began work to construct a 2-lane bridge for bus rapid transit over Deerfoot Trail south of 17 Avenue SE. As part of Calgary Transit's developing network of bus-only routes, the new bridge does not interchange with Deerfoot Trail and was completed in late 2018.[142] In March 2019, Transportation Minister Brian Mason announced plans for $478 million worth of improvements to a {{convert|21|km|mi|adj=on}} stretch of Deerfoot between Beddington Trail in the north and Anderson Road in the south.[143] {{Clear}}Exit list{{Jcttop|exit|nocty=yes|unit=km|length_ref=[97]}}{{Jctgap|text=Continues as {{jct|state=AB|Hwy|2|Hwy|2A|dir1=south|dir2=south|location1=Okotoks|location2=High River|location3=Fort Macleod|location4=Lethbridge}} }}{{ABint|exit |location_special=M.D. of Foothills No. 31 |lspan=2 |type=incomplete |exit=225 |km=0.0 |road={{jct|state=AB|Hwy|2A|dir1=north|name1=Macleod Trail|location1=City Centre}} |notes=Northbound exit, southbound entrance {{coord|50|49|30|N|113|59|53|W|name=2 x 2A|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |exit=227 |km=2.3 |road=Dunbow Road – De Winton |notes={{coord|50|50|02|N|113|59|54|W|name=2 x Dunbow|format=dec}} }}{{Jctbridge|exit |location_special=Foothills–Calgary boundary |km=4.6 |bridge=Crosses Bow River — {{coord|50.854041|N|113.970646|W|name=2 x Bow River|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |location_special=Calgary |type=unbuilt |lspan=26 |exit=TBA{{efn|{{As of|April 2018}}, construction had not yet begun and the exit number has not been announced, but existing Deerfoot Trail exit numbers are based on mileage, suggesting an exit number of 230.}} |km=6.3 |road=212 Avenue SE |notes=Dogbone interchange with loop ramp approved, open by 2019[123] {{coord|50|52|00|N|113|57|46|W|name=2 x 212Ave|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |exit=232 |km=7.8 |road={{jct|state=AB|extra=hospital}} Cranston Avenue / Seton Boulevard – South Health Campus |notes={{coord|50|53|32|N|113|58|31|W|name=2 x Cranston|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |exit=234 |km=10.0 |road= Stoney Trail SE (Hwy 201, Exit 101) |notes=Unsigned {{jct|state=AB|Hwy|22X|noshield=y}} {{coord|50|54|00|N|113|58|31|W|name=2 x 201-south|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |type=incomplete |exit=234B |km=10.0 |road=McKenzie Lake Boulevard / Cranston Boulevard |notes=Southbound exit, northbound entrance {{coord|50.900485|N|113.979615|W|name=2 x McKenzie Lk / Cranston|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |exit=236 |km=11.9 |road=McKenzie Towne Boulevard / McKenzie Lake Boulevard |notes={{coord|50|55|00|N|113|58|31|W|name=2 x McKenzie|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |exit=238 |km=13.6 |road=130 Avenue SE |notes={{coord|50|55|55|N|113|58|31|W|name=2 x 130 Ave S|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |exit=240 |km=15.1 |road=Barlow Trail north |notes={{coord|50|56|42|N|113|58|58|W|name=2 x Barlow Trail|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |exit=241 |km=16.8 |road=24 Street SE / Douglasdale Boulevard |notes={{coord|50|56|56|N|114|00|16|W|name=2 x Douglsdale|format=dec}} }}{{Jctbridge|exit |km=18.0 |place=Ivor Strong Bridge across Bow River — {{coord|50.952467|N|114.020163|W|name=2 x Ivor Strong|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |exit=243 |km=18.4 |road=Anderson Road / Bow Bottom Trail |notes={{coord|50|57|14|N|114|01|34|W|name=2 x Anderson x Bow Bottom|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |exit=245 |km=20.1 |road=Southland Drive |notes={{coord|50|58|02|N|114|02|00|W|name=2 x Southland|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |type=incomplete |exit=246 |km=21.2 |road=11 Street SE – Shopping Centre |notes=Southbound exit and entrance {{coord|50|59|13|N|114|02|06|W|name=2 x 11 St SE|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |type=incomplete |exit=247 |km=21.9 |road=Glenmore Trail west – Shopping Centre To Heritage Meadows Way / Heritage Meadows Road |notes=Northbound exit and entrance {{coord|50.987135|N|114.037288|W|name=2 x Heritage Meadows|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |exit=247 |km=23.1 |road=Glenmore Trail |notes=Unsigned {{jct|noshield=y|state=AB|Hwy|8}} west. Northbound traffic uses Exit 247 to Glenmore Trail west. {{coord|50|59|35|N|114|02|06|W|name=2 x Glenmore|format=dec}} }}{{Jctbridge|exit |km=25.4 |place=Calf Robe Bridge across Bow River — {{coord|51.008476|N|114.019129|W|name=2 x Calf Robe|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |exit=251 |km=26.7 |road=Peigan Trail east / Barlow Trail south |notes={{coord|51|00|53|N|114|00|19|W|name=2 x Peigan|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |exit=254 |km=29.4 |road=17 Avenue SE east / Blackfoot Trail south |notes=Formerly Hwy 1A east. {{coord|51|02|13|N|114|00|17|W|name=2 x Blackfoot|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |exit=256 |km=31.0 |road=Memorial Drive – City Centre |notes={{coord|51|02|52|N|114|01|04|W|name=2 x Memorial|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |exit=258 |km=33.2 |road= 16 Avenue NE ({{jct|noshield=y|state=AB|Hwy|1}}) – Banff, Medicine Hat |notes={{coord|51|03|59|N|114|01|38|W|name=2 x TCH|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |exit=260 |km=35.0 |road=32 Avenue NE |notes={{coord|51|04|54|N|114|02|02|W|name=2 x 32 Ave NE|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |exit=261 |km=36.7 |road=McKnight Boulevard |notes={{coord|51|05|46|N|114|02|27|W|name=2 x McKnight|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |exit=263 |km=38.4 |road=64 Avenue NE |notes={{coord|51|06|38|N|114|02|49|W|name=2 x 64 Ave NE|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |type=incomplete |exit=265 |km=40.1 |road=Beddington Trail west / 11 Street NE south |notes=Northbound exit, southbound entrance {{coord|51|07|29|N|114|02|44|W|name=2 x Beddington|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |exit=266 |km=42.0 |road={{jct|state=AB|extra=airport}} 96 Avenue NE / Airport Trail – Calgary International Airport |notes={{coord|51|08|25|N|114|02|09|W|name=2 x Airport Tr|format=dec}} }}{{ABint|exit |exit=268 |km=43.9 |road={{jct|state=AB|extra=airport}} Country Hills Boulevard – Delacour, Calgary International Airport |notes={{coord|51|09|16|N|114|01|06|W|name=2 x Country Hills|format=dec}} }}{{Jctint|exit |exit=271 |km=46.7 |road= Stoney Trail NE (Hwy 201, Exit 60) |notes={{coord|51.174871|N|114.000778|W|name=2 x 201-north|format=dec}} }}{{Jctgap |text=Continues as {{jct|state=AB|Hwy|2|dir1=north|name1=Queen Elizabeth II Highway|city1=Airdrie|city2=Red Deer|location3=Edmonton}} }}{{Jctbtm|exit|keys=incomplete,unbuilt}}{{kml}}{{clear|right}} See also
Notes{{Notelist|refs={{efn|name=lengthnote|Length is derived from the difference between the locations of the northbound Macleod Trail bridge over Deerfoot Trail (located at a mileage of 2.456 km on the section of Highway 2 known as "2:15") and the southbound Deerfoot Trail bridge over westbound Stoney Trail NE (located at a mileage of 48.859 km on section "2:15"), a distance of {{cvt|46.403|km|4}}.[18]{{Rp|21, 32}}}}}} References1. ^{{Google maps|url=https://www.google.ca/maps/@50.9560882,-114.0289219,583m/data=!3m1!1e3|title=Deerfoot Trail at Anderson Road and Bow Bottom Trail|accessdate=October 27, 2016}} [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84]2. ^{{Cite web | author=Google | url=https://goo.gl/maps/YrKtcZzVtCs |date=May 2016 |title=Deerfoot Trail at Airport Trail|work=Google Street View|accessdate=2016-10-27 | df=mdy-all}} 3. ^{{Cite web |author=Google |url=https://goo.gl/maps/R7SYqTY57dS2 |date=June 2016 |title=Deerfoot Trail at Country Hills Boulevard|work=Google Street View|accessdate=2016-10-27 | df=mdy-all}} 4. ^{{Google maps |url=https://www.google.ca/maps/@51.1708136,-114.0131307,14.2z|title=Deerfoot Trail / Stoney Trail interchange, northeast Calgary|accessdate=October 23, 2016}} 5. ^1 {{Cite web | url=http://sirsi1.lib.ucalgary.ca/uhtbin/cgisirsi/x/0/0/57/5/3?searchdata1=2756969{CKEY}&searchfield1=GENERAL^SUBJECT^GENERAL^^&user_id=WEBSERVER |title=Harrison & Ponton's map of the city of Calgary, Province of Alberta |last1=Ponton |first1=Harrison |last2=Parker |date=1924 |publisher=Harrison Ponton and Parker |work= University of Calgary Library Catalogue |accessdate=2016-10-29 | df=mdy-all}} 6. ^1 {{Cite web |title=Calgary District |url=http://peel.library.ualberta.ca/maps/M000017.html |date=February 1926 |accessdate=2016-10-29 |work=Topographical Survey of Canada, Department of the Interior | publisher=University of Alberta - Peel's Prairie Provinces |place=Ottawa | df=mdy-all}} 7. ^1 {{Cite web |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/spi11/30161694085/ |publisher=Department of Public Works |title=Road Map - Province of Alberta |author=MacPherson |location=Edmonton |accessdate=2017-01-09 |date=1940}} 8. ^1 2 {{Cite web |url=https://i.imgur.com/Rm3xTmw.jpg |work=Shell Canada |title=Calgary and Vicinity |accessdate=2016-11-01 | date=1966 | publisher=Rolph Clark Stone Ltd. |df=mdy-all}} 9. ^1 2 {{Cite web |title=Deerfoot Trail opening |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hG5kAAAAIBAJ&sjid=XX0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=5240%2C4642567 |work=The Calgary Herald |date=1975-01-20 |df=mdy-all |accessdate=2016-12-09 |quote=The extension of the Deerfoot Trail... will be open... on January 20, 1975.}} 10. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web | url=http://cdm16114.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p280501coll14/id/1012/rec/64 | title=Calgary - Community Association Boundaries | work=Calgary Public Library - Digital Library | publisher=Calgary - Potential Heritage Conservation Sites | date=1977 | accessdate=2016-10-27 | df=mdy-all}} 11. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=anNkAAAAIBAJ&sjid=V34NAAAAIBAJ&pg=5710%2C170309 |title=New leg of Deerfoot ready for business |work=The Calgary Herald |last=Martin |first=Don |page=B2|date=1980-12-01 |accessdate=2016-12-20 |df=mdy-all}} 12. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GtpkAAAAIBAJ&sjid=nH4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=2482%2C5460249 |title=Intersection may confuse drivers |work=The Calgary Herald |last=Motherwell |first=Cathy |page=B2|date=1982-11-20 |accessdate=2016-12-20 |df=mdy-all}} 13. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.transportation.alberta.ca/Content/docType29/Production/2000rfp.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308220219/http://www.transportation.alberta.ca/Content/docType29/Production/2000rfp.pdf |archivedate=2017-03-08 |df=mdy-all |date=2001-02-08 |accessdate=2017-03-08 |title=Alberta Infrastructure Requests for Proposals Short List of Firms and Selection Results |publisher=Alberta Transportation |page=14}} 14. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web|url=http://www.calgary.ca/Transportation/TP/Pages/Projects/Current-Planning-Projects/Deerfoot-Trail-Study.aspx |archivedate=2016-12-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209045721/http://www.calgary.ca/Transportation/TP/Pages/Projects/Current-Planning-Projects/Deerfoot-Trail-Study.aspx |title=Deerfoot Trail Study |publisher=City of Calgary |deadurl=no |df=mdy-all |accessdate=2016-12-09 }} 15. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.alberta.ca/release.cfm?xID=63694E15F870D-BD4D-1A2D-F344AE0E9B4D7EEE |archivedate=2019-03-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190314181154/https://www.alberta.ca/release.cfm?xID=63694E15F870D-BD4D-1A2D-F344AE0E9B4D7EEE |title=Deerfoot Trail upgrades to create jobs, cut commute |publisher=Alberta Transportation |date=2019-03-14 |accessdate=2019-03-14 |deadurl=no |df=mdy-all}} 16. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.660news.com/2013/01/02/deerfoot-remains-calgarys-most-dangerous-road/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020091613/http://www.660news.com/2013/01/02/deerfoot-remains-calgarys-most-dangerous-road/ |archivedate=2016-10-20 |accessdate=2016-10-20 |date=2013-01-02 |title=Deerfoot remains Calgary's most dangerous road |work=660 News |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }} 17. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web |url=http://www.transportation.alberta.ca/Content/docType181/production/TrafficVolumeHistory1962-2017.pdf | title=Alberta Highways 1 to 986 - Traffic Volume History 1962 - 2017 |author=CornerStone Solutions Inc. |publisher=Alberta Transportation |accessdate=2018-06-18 |date=2018-02-16 |df=mdy-all |page=2}} 18. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/after-470000-giant-blue-ring-that-nenshi-calls-awful-calgary-opts-to-review-generous-infrastructure-arts-funding |last=Gerson |first=Jen |title=After $470,000 'Giant Blue Ring' that Nenshi calls 'awful,' Calgary opts to review generous infrastructure arts funding |work=National Post |location=Toronto |df=mdy-all |date=2014-05-20 |accessdate=2016-12-20}} 19. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.metronews.ca/news/calgary/2016/10/03/calgarians-avoid-deerfoot-due-to-safety-concerns.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005193117/http://www.metronews.ca/news/calgary/2016/10/03/calgarians-avoid-deerfoot-due-to-safety-concerns.html |archivedate=2016-10-05 |df=mdy-all |accessdate=2016-12-25 |date=2016-10-03 |last=Pike |first=Helen |title=Deerfoot Trail study shows Calgarians avoid freeway due to safety concerns |deadurl=no |work=Metro News}} 20. ^1 {{Cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411091549/http://www.calgaryherald.com/news/calgary/Access%2Broad%2BCalgary%2Bairport%2Bclosing%2Bfour%2Bmonths/8213413/story.html |url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/calgary/Access+road+Calgary+airport+closing+four+months/8213413/story.html |archivedate=April 11, 2013 |title=Access road to Calgary’s airport closing for four months |date=2013-04-08 |last=Markusoff |first=Jason |accessdate=2016-10-29 |df=mdy-all |work=Calgary Herald |quote=Barlow Trail, which the airport closed permanently in 2011 to make way for a new runway. |deadurl=no }} 21. ^1 2 {{Cite web |url=http://www.transportation.alberta.ca/bargp.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219020838/http://www.transportation.alberta.ca/bargp.htm |archivedate=2016-12-19 |accessdate=2016-12-19 |df=mdy-all |title=Barlow Trail / Peigan Trail Improvements |publisher=Alberta Transportation |deadurl=no |quote=...a jellybean loop is replacing the old southbound yield to improve the safety of getting on southbound Deerfoot Trail.}} 22. ^1 {{Google maps|url=https://www.google.ca/maps/@50.9416924,-114.0302912,760m/data=!3m1!1e3|title=Bow Bottom Trail in southeast Calgary|accessdate=October 23, 2016}} 23. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{Cite web | url=http://www.transportation.alberta.ca/Content/docType181/production/bishwy01.pdf |title=Transportation Infrastructure Management System - Existing Structures in the Provincial Highway Corridor |date=2012-09-28 |accessdate=2016-11-22 |df=mdy-all |publisher=Alberta Transportation}} 24. ^1 {{Cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215051608/http://www.calgary.ca/Transportation/TI/Pages/Transit-projects/17-ave-se-brt-phase-2-28-st-se-to-9-ave-se.aspx |url=http://www.calgary.ca/Transportation/TI/Pages/Transit-projects/17-ave-se-brt-phase-2-28-st-se-to-9-ave-se.aspx |title=17 Ave. S.E. BRT - Phase 2: 28 Street S.E. to 9 Avenue S.E. |date=2017 |accessdate=2017-12-25 |archivedate=December 15, 2017 |publisher=City of Calgary |df=mdy-all |deadurl=no }} 25. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.canada.com/calgaryherald/news/story.html?id=1986bae0-b7a9-4013-9e89-448eb011fde1&k=43275 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030510/http://www.canada.com/calgaryherald/news/story.html?id=1986bae0-b7a9-4013-9e89-448eb011fde1&k=43275 |archivedate=March 4, 2016 |title=Driver says barrier saved his life |work=Calgary Herald |authorlink=Calgary Herald |date=2007-05-07 |accessdate=2007-05-07 |df=mdy-all |deadurl=yes }} 26. ^1 {{Cite web|title=Concrete Highways - Case Study of the Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Section of Deerfoot Trail, Calgary, Alberta |url=http://www.cement.ca/images/stories/Deerfoot%20Trail%20Calgary.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209173558/http://www.cement.ca/images/stories/Deerfoot%20Trail%20Calgary.pdf |archivedate=December 9, 2016 |accessdate=2016-12-09 |date=March 2006 |df=mdy-all |last=Cowe Falls |first=Lynne |work=cement.ca |deadurl=yes }} 27. ^1 {{Google maps |url=https://goo.gl/maps/NovUCZfQzAH2 |title=Deerfoot Trail between Stoney Trail SE and Cranston Avenue |accessdate=October 23, 2016}} 28. ^1 2 {{Cite web |url=http://alberta.ca/home/NewsFrame.cfm?ReleaseID=/acn/201011/294380E42E633-937C-CFC4-EB0F94E338D38795.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326043351/http://alberta.ca/release.cfm?xID=294380E42E633-937C-CFC4-EB0F94E338D38795 |archivedate=March 26, 2015 |title=Deerfoot Trail Facts |author=Alberta Transportation |date=2010-11-03 |accessdate=2010-11-19 |dead-url=yes |page=2 |df=mdy-all }} 29. ^1 {{cite book |author=Dempsey, Hugh Aylmer |title=The Amazing Death of Calf Shirt and Other Blackfoot Stories: Three Hundred Years of Blackfoot History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8MnvUo-gwXEC&pg=PA185 |date=January 1, 1996 |work=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-2821-4|pages=185}} 30. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/api_kai_ees_12E.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324100608/http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/api_kai_ees_12E.html |archivedate=March 24, 2016 |accessdate=2016-10-19 |deadurl=no |work=Dictionary of Canadian Biography |title=API-KAI-EES |df=mdy-all}} 31. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/calgary/Province+looks+hand+over+Deerfoot+Trail+city+Calgary/8059049/story.html |date=2013-03-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628150714/http://www.calgaryherald.com/news/calgary/Province%2Blooks%2Bhand%2Bover%2BDeerfoot%2BTrail%2Bcity%2BCalgary/8059049/story.html |archivedate=June 28, 2013 |title=Province looks to hand over Deerfoot Trail to city of Calgary |last1=Wood |first1=James |last2=Zickefoose |first2=Sherri |work=Calgary Herald |accessdate=2016-10-19 |deadurl=no |df=mdy-all}} 32. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.alberta.ca/release.cfm?xID=19985860E500C-B4F6-495E-2C092B83EE66236A |title=Finishing touches put on Deerfoot Trail extension |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325212148/http://www.alberta.ca/release.cfm?xID=19985860E500C-B4F6-495E-2C092B83EE66236A |archivedate=March 25, 2016 |date=2006-05-30 |publisher=Alberta Transportation |deadurl=no |df=mdy-all }} 33. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=798087 |accessdate=2016-10-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023024023/https://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=798087 |title=Deerfoot Trail Extension – Innovative Approach Leads to Geometric Innovations |date=2005 |deadurl=no |work=Transportation Research Board |df=mdy-all |archivedate=2016-10-23}} 34. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://www.canadianconsultingengineer.com/engineering/deerfoot-trail-extension-opens/1000030204/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020014655/http://www.canadianconsultingengineer.com/engineering/deerfoot-trail-extension-opens/1000030204/ |archivedate=October 20, 2016 |date=2003-12-02 |title=Deerfoot Trail Extension opens |work=Canadian Consulting Engineer |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }} 35. ^1 {{Cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020060414/https://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=709860 |url=https://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=709860 |archivedate=October 20, 2016 |date=2001 |title=Deerfoot Trail Extension: A Partnering Success |work=Transportation Research Board |accessdate=2016-10-20 |df=mdy-all |deadurl=no }} 36. ^1 {{Cite web |title=Deerfoot Dead |url=http://peel.library.ualberta.ca/newspapers/CWH/1897/03/04/3/Ar00303.html |date=1897-03-04 |accessdate=2016-10-26 | work=The Calgary Weekly Herald |publisher=University of Alberta - Peel's Prairie Provinces |df=mdy-all}} 37. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.newstalk770.com/2016/05/31/127709/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601130603/http://www.newstalk770.com/2016/05/31/127709/ |last=McFarland |first=Joe |title=City looking into possible fixes for Deerfoot Trail |work=770 News |archivedate=June 1, 2016 |date=2016-05-31 |accessdate=2016-10-19 |deadurl=no |df=mdy-all }} 38. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web|url=http://www.transportation.alberta.ca/glengp.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325213113/http://www.transportation.alberta.ca/glengp.htm |archivedate=March 25, 2016 |date=2016 |accessdate=2016-10-23 |title=Deerfoot Trail / Glenmore Trail Interchange |publisher=Alberta Transportation |deadurl=no |df=mdy-all }} 39. ^1 2 {{Cite web | title=McNaughton's Map of Greater Calgary 1907 | url=http://cdm16114.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p280501coll14/id/1196/rec/10 | date=1907 | accessdate=2016-10-29 | work=Dowler and Michie, Architects | publisher=Calgary Public Library - Digital Library | df=mdy-all}} 40. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://caselaw.canada.globe24h.com/0/0/alberta/court-of-queen-s-bench/2000/11/06/eirikson-v-breton-2000-abqb-798.shtml |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114130115/http://caselaw.canada.globe24h.com/0/0/alberta/court-of-queen-s-bench/2000/11/06/eirikson-v-breton-2000-abqb-798.shtml |archivedate=2016-11-14 |accessdate=2016-11-14 |title=Eirikson v. Breton, 2000 ABQB 798 |date=2000 |work=Case Law Archive |df=mdy-all }} 41. ^1 2 {{cite news |title= Province will pay to keep freeway out of creek park |work=Calgary Herald |date=1974-12-05 |page=49 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PG5kAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VX0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=924%2C1791336 | accessdate=2016-10-23 | quote=The provincial government will pay the extra cost to keep Calgary's proposed... freeway... clear of Fish Creek Park. | archiveurl=http://i.imgur.com/7ag5ooR.jpg |archivedate=2016-10-23 |deadurl=no |df=mdy-all}} 42. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://www.calgary.ca/Transportation/TP/PublishingImages/16ave-study-area.jpg |work=City of Calgary |accessdate=2016-10-20 |df=mdy-all |title=16 Avenue NE - Map of Existing Area (Functional Planning Study |archiveurl=http://i.imgur.com/dA0Cl5Y.jpg |archivedate=2016-10-20 |deadurl=no}} 43. ^1 2 {{Cite web |url=http://globalnews.ca/news/764573/new-northeast-route-to-deerfoot-trail-now-open/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811202649/http://globalnews.ca/news/764573/new-northeast-route-to-deerfoot-trail-now-open/ |date=2016-08-06 |archivedate=2013-08-11 |last=Gilligan |first=Melissa |accessdate=2016-12-20 |df=mdy-all |deadurl=no |title=New northeast route to Deerfoot Trail now open |work=Global News |location=Calgary}} 44. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.transportation.alberta.ca/Content/docType490/production/OH1-GDI-Stage1.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326010057/http://www.transportation.alberta.ca/Content/docType490/production/OH1-GDI-Stage1.pdf |archivedate=March 26, 2016 |accessdate=2016-10-23 |df=mdy-all |title=Stage 1 Design |work=Alberta Transportation |deadurl=yes }} 45. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.transportation.alberta.ca/Content/docType490/production/glen-m1.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326055224/http://www.transportation.alberta.ca/Content/docType490/production/glen-m1.pdf |archivedate=March 26, 2016 |accessdate=2016-10-23 |date=2008 |title=Blackfoot Trail Connection to Deerfoot Trail Interchange Ultimate Plan |df=mdy-all |publisher=Alberta Transportation |deadurl=yes }} 46. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://globalnews.ca/news/2731469/how-to-improve-deerfoot-trail-city-of-calgary-launches-study/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601073729/http://globalnews.ca/news/2731469/how-to-improve-deerfoot-trail-city-of-calgary-launches-study/ |archivedate=2016-06-01 |title=How to improve Deerfoot Trail: City of Calgary launches study |work=Global News |last=Gilligan |first=Melissa |df=mdy-all |accessdate=2016-12-20 |date=2016-05-31 |deadurl=no}} 47. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.helicoptersmagazine.com/procedures/soaring-with-the-hawcs-3432 |title=Soaring with the HAWCS |author=Pigott, Peter |date=2012-03-26 |work=Helicopters Magazine |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019212320/https://www.helicoptersmagazine.com/procedures/soaring-with-the-hawcs-3432 |archivedate=2016-10-19 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }} 48. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/city-councilor-says-province-ignoring-need-for-southeast-deerfoot-interchange |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806005810/http://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/city-councilor-says-province-ignoring-need-for-southeast-deerfoot-interchange |archivedate=2016-08-06 |title=City councillor says province ignoring need for southeast Deerfoot interchange |last=Kaufmann |first=Bill |deadurl=no |df=mdy-all |work=Calgary Herald |accessdate=2016-12-09 }} 49. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web |url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/traffic/39m-deerfoot-interchange-gets-green-light-after-developer-promises-13m |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322171210/http://calgaryherald.com/news/traffic/39m-deerfoot-interchange-gets-green-light-after-developer-promises-13m |archivedate=2017-03-22 |date=2017-03-22 |accessdate=2017-04-06 |df=mdy-all |last=Klingbeil |first=Annalise |work=Calgary Herald |title=Cranston-Seton interchange gets green light after developer kicks in $13M}} 50. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.transportation.alberta.ca/5479.htm |title=High Tension Cable Barrier (HTCB) |accessdate=2016-10-26 |work=Alberta Transportation |df=mdy-all |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811200555/http://www.transportation.alberta.ca/5479.htm |archivedate=2016-08-11 |quote=[The barrier] consists of 3 or 4-strand high tension cables... to contain and redirect vehicles that leave the road. These barriers prevent serious collisions on high traffic highways by reducing the number of vehicles that cross the median into oncoming traffic.}} 51. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web |title=Evaluation of Safety and Operational Performance of High Tension Median Cable Barrier on Deerfoot Trail, Calgary, Alberta |last1= Churchill |last2=Barua |last3=Hassan |last4=Imran |last5=Kenny |location=Edmonton |date=2011 |url=http://conf.tac-atc.ca/english/annualconference/tac2011/docs/r5/churchill.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213052551/http://conf.tac-atc.ca/english/annualconference/tac2011/docs/r5/churchill.pdf |archivedate=2016-12-13 |accessdate=2016-12-13 |deadurl=no |df=mdy-all}} 52. ^1 2 {{Cite web |url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/every-time-i-see-it-i-still-get-mad-calgarys-big-blue-ring-turns-three-years-old |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106080505/http://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/every-time-i-see-it-i-still-get-mad-calgarys-big-blue-ring-turns-three-years-old |archivedate=2016-11-06 |date=2016-09-23 |accessdate=2016-12-20 |deadurl=no |df=mdy-all |work=Calgary Herald |title='Every time I see it, I still get mad.' — Calgary's big blue ring turns three years old |last=Klingbeil |first=Annalise |quote=As citizen outrage over the big blue wheel boiled over, Mayor Naheed Nenshi told reporters he thought the $471,000 piece was "awful" and "terrible." }} 53. ^1 {{Cite web |url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/think-your-commute-is-bad-global-scorecard-says-calgary-drivers-have-it-easy |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222231807/http://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/think-your-commute-is-bad-global-scorecard-says-calgary-drivers-have-it-easy |archivedate=2017-02-22 |title=Think your commute is bad? Global scorecard says Calgary drivers have it easy |last=Logan |first=Shawn |date=2017-02-22 |accessdate=2017-02-28 |deadurl=no |work=Calgary Herald |df=mdy-all}} 54. ^1 {{Cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=y2BkAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MHwNAAAAIBAJ&dq=master%20road%20scheme%20given%20city%20approval&pg=3884%2C4623564 |title=Master Road Scheme Given City Approval |work=The Herald |location=Calgary | date=1963-07-23 | page=17 |df=mdy-all |accessdate=2016-11-02}} 55. ^1 Google Street View images of the various types of medians. For the grass median near De Winton, see {{Cite web| author=Google | publisher=Google | work=Google Street View | date=May 2016|url=https://goo.gl/maps/QUsjDpCvsm52 |title=Wide grass median |accessdate=October 26, 2016}}* For the constant-slope barriers near Stoney Trail SE, see {{Cite web| author=Google | publisher=Google | work=Google Street View | date=June 2016|url=https://goo.gl/maps/ig1vD1UBB132 |title=Constant-slope barriers |accessdate=October 26, 2016}}* For the Jersey barriers near Southland Drive SE, see {{Cite web| author=Google | publisher=Google | work=Google Street View | date=September 2015 |url=https://goo.gl/maps/shNN4rQ63232 |title=Jersey barriers |accessdate=October 26, 2016}}* For the narrow grass median near Memorial Drive, see {{Cite web| author=Google | publisher=Google | work=Google Street View | date=October 2015 |url= https://goo.gl/maps/p9WyF5fjUi52 |title=Grass and guardrail |accessdate=October 26, 2016}} 56. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=https://www.transportation.alberta.ca/drftom-gp.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209050030/https://www.transportation.alberta.ca/drftom-gp.htm |title=Deerfoot Trail |archivedate=December 9, 2016 |deadurl=no |df=mdy-all |accessdate=2016-12-09 |publisher=Alberta Transportation |quote=Carmacks Maintenance Services has been contracted by Alberta Transportation for the operation and maintenance of Deerfoot Trail. }} 57. ^1 {{Cite web | url=http://nacto.org/docs/usdg/geometric_design_highways_and_streets_aashto.pdf |title=A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets |accessdate=2016-10-12 |df=mdy-all |date=2001 |publisher=American Association of State Highway and Transportation |page=844 |quote=A combination of directional, semidirectional, and loop ramps may be appropriate where turning volumes are high for some movements and low for others...}} 58. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/policy/acg-acgd-menu-highways-2149.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805205610/http://tc.gc.ca/eng/policy/acg-acgd-menu-highways-2149.htm |archivedate=2016-08-05 |title=National Highway System |publisher=Transport Canada |date=2011-12-20 |accessdate=2016-12-20 |df=mdy-all}} 59. ^1 2 3 4 {{Google maps |url=https://www.google.ca/maps/@51.1069877,-114.0760177,11.65z|title=Deerfoot Trail in north Calgary|accessdate=October 27, 2016}} 60. ^1 {{Cite web |url=https://www.alberta.ca/release.cfm?xID=27237B57CE7BD-07F7-95FC-3B9656FD02EEBBAA |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325220943/http://www.alberta.ca/release.cfm?xID=27237B57CE7BD-07F7-95FC-3B9656FD02EEBBAA |archivedate=2016-03-25 |title=Calgary ring road's northern sections open to traffic |publisher=Alberta Transportation |df=mdy-all |accessdate=2016-12-20 |date=2009-11-02 |deadurl=no}} 61. ^1 {{Cite web |work=Calgary Herald |url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/calgaryherald/obituary.aspx?n=john-ivor-strong&pid=15565261&fhid=6132 |accessdate=2016-10-23 |dead-url=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023033917/http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/calgaryherald/obituary.aspx?n=john-ivor-strong&pid=15565261&fhid=6132 |archivedate=October 23, 2016 |df=mdy-all |title=John Ivor Strong - Obituary |date=2005-10-31 }} 62. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.metronews.ca/news/calgary/2016/05/31/deerfoot-trail-study-with-calgary-and-province-begins-.html |title=Deerfoot Trail study: Government and City of Calgary to take overdue look at congested highway |last=Pike |first=Helen |work=Metro News |date=2016-05-31 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019205629/http://www.metronews.ca/news/calgary/2016/05/31/deerfoot-trail-study-with-calgary-and-province-begins-.html |archivedate=2016-10-19 |accessdate=2016-10-19 |df=mdy-all |deadurl=no }} 63. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Deerfoot Trail in Calgary, Alberta|url=https://www.google.ca/maps/@50.9896374,-114.0667851,9.75z?hl=en|website=Google Maps|publisher=Google|accessdate=2016-12-08|df=mdy-all|format=Map}} 64. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://www.transportation.alberta.ca/Content/docType329/Production/2015_PROVINCIAL_HWY_1-216_CONTROL_SECTION_MAP.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410182657/http://www.transportation.alberta.ca/Content/docType329/Production/2015_PROVINCIAL_HWY_1-216_CONTROL_SECTION_MAP.pdf |archivedate=2016-04-10 |accessdate=2016-10-12 |date=March 2015 |title=Provincial Highway 1-216 Progress Chart |publisher=Alberta Transportation |deadurl=no |df=mdy-all }} 65. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/calgary/2018/06/06/this-is-our-last-chance-to-fix-calgarys-contentious-public-art-program-councillor-says.html |accessdate=2018-06-18 |date=2018-06-06 |archivedate=2018-06-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618025629/https://www.thestar.com/calgary/2018/06/06/this-is-our-last-chance-to-fix-calgarys-contentious-public-art-program-councillor-says.html |deadurl=no |df=mdy-all |last=Howell |first=Trevor |title=‘This is our last chance’ to fix Calgary’s contentious public art program, councillor says |work=StarMetro Calgary |quote=Gondek pointed to the Travelling Light installation, which sits on the 96 Avenue N.E. overpass spanning Deerfoot Trail, as an example of bureaucracy run amok and of an art piece missing contextual meaning for residents.}} 66. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.metronews.ca/news/calgary/2015/07/15/calgarys-deerfoot-trail-as-busy-as-ever-returning-to-pre-southeast-ring-road-levels.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509095741/http://www.metronews.ca/news/calgary/2015/07/15/calgarys-deerfoot-trail-as-busy-as-ever-returning-to-pre-southeast-ring-road-levels.html |archivedate=2016-05-09 |title=Calgary's Deerfoot Trail as busy as ever, returning to pre-southeast-ring-road levels |date=2015-07-15 |last=Fletcher |first=Robson |work=Metro News |accessdate=2016-10-19 |deadurl=no |df=mdy-all }} 67. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.metronews.ca/news/calgary/2014/10/02/calgarys-deerfoot-trail-traffic-dips-in-wake-of-stoney-trail-opening.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123234616/http://www.metronews.ca/news/calgary/2014/10/02/calgarys-deerfoot-trail-traffic-dips-in-wake-of-stoney-trail-opening.html |archivedate=November 23, 2015 |date=2014-10-01 |last=Nolais |first=Jeremy |accessdate=2016-10-23 |df=mdy-all |work=Metro News |deadurl=no |title=Calgary's Deerfoot Trail traffic dips in wake of Stoney Trail opening }} 68. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{Cite web|url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/Deerfoot+Revenge/6752087/story.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102013541/http://www.calgaryherald.com/news/Deerfoot%2BRevenge/6752087/story.html |archivedate=January 2, 2016 |date=2012-06-07 |last=Klaszus |first=Jeremy |title=Deerfoot's Revenge |work=Calgary Herald |df=mdy-all |accessdate=2016-10-20 |deadurl=no }} 69. ^1 2 {{Cite web |url=https://www.alberta.ca/release.cfm?xID=18089FD23DB4D-FD6C-4FCB-BF561512BB437544 |publisher=Alberta Transportation |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325212610/http://www.alberta.ca/release.cfm?xID=18089FD23DB4D-FD6C-4FCB-BF561512BB437544 |archivedate=March 25, 2016 |date=2005-05-23 |title=Highway 2 receives 'Royal' treatment |df=mdy-all |accessdate=2016-11-04 |quote=Highway 2 between Edmonton and Calgary is now known as the Queen Elizabeth II Highway. }} 70. ^1 2 {{Cite web |url=http://www.metronews.ca/news/calgary/2016/08/04/se-calgary-deerfoot-interchange-on-hold-alberta-wont-fund.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806165018/http://www.metronews.ca/news/calgary/2016/08/04/se-calgary-deerfoot-interchange-on-hold-alberta-wont-fund.html |archivedate=2016-08-06 |date=2016-08-04 |accessdate=2016-12-09 |last=Simes |first=Jeremy |title=Alberta government to re-evaluate SE Calgary interchange after committing no funding |work=Metro News |deadurl=no |df=mdy-all }} 71. ^1 2 3 4 {{Google maps|url=https://www.google.ca/maps/@50.9620659,-114.0497488,10z|title=Deerfoot Trail in south Calgary|accessdate=June 8, 2017}} 72. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://calgary.ctvnews.ca/calgary-police-crackdown-on-deerfoot-speeders-1.1892977 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703102040/http://calgary.ctvnews.ca/calgary-police-crackdown-on-deerfoot-speeders-1.1892977 |archivedate=July 3, 2014 |accessdate=2016-10-26 |date=2014-06-30 |title=Calgary Police crackdown on Deerfoot speeders |last=Franklin |first=Michael |work=CTV News |deadurl=no |df=mdy-all |quote=...in the area of the 6400 block of Deerfoot Trail N.E... The speed limit in the area is posted at 100 km/h. }} 73. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/deerfoot-trail-traffic-fix-delayed-indefinitely-1.3149150 |title=Deerfoot Trail traffic fix delayed indefinitely |last=Labby |first=Bryan |date=2015-07-13 |work=CBC News |accessdate=2016-10-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160212210502/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/deerfoot-trail-traffic-fix-delayed-indefinitely-1.3149150 |archivedate=February 12, 2016 |df=mdy-all |deadurl=no }} 74. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=https://www.alberta.ca/release.cfm?xID=3542209234CE5-9DF3-3FB6-C8F865913AD44977 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205035105/http://alberta.ca/release.cfm?xID=3542209234CE5-9DF3-3FB6-C8F865913AD44977 |archivedate=2013-12-05 |accessdate=2016-10-20 |deadurl=no |df=mdy-all |title=Motorists celebrate Southeast Stoney Trail opening |date=2013-11-22 }} 75. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://www.transportation.alberta.ca/Content/docType490/Production/SESTSchedule18.PDF |title=Stoney Trail Southeast - Schedule 18 (Technical Requirements) |date=2010-02-25 |accessdate=2016-10-26 |quote=A single lane basket weave directional ramp carrying northbound Deerfoot Trail onto eastbound Stoney Trail; a directional ramp from Cranston Boulevard to northbound Deerfoot Trail, including one bridge structure... |publisher=Alberta Transportation | page=59 |df=mdy-all}} 76. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170527130859/http://www.calgary.ca/Transportation/TP/Pages/Projects/Current-Planning-Projects/Deerfoot-Trail-Study.aspx?redirect=%2Fdeerfoot |url=http://www.calgary.ca/Transportation/TP/Pages/Projects/Current-Planning-Projects/Deerfoot-Trail-Study.aspx?redirect=/deerfoot |archivedate=May 27, 2017 |title=Deerfoot Trail Study |accessdate=2017-05-27 |deadurl=no |publisher=City of Calgary |df=mdy-all }} 77. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/calgary-deerfoot-study-funding-alberta-government-1.4646816 |accessdate=2018-06-18 |date=2018-05-07 |archivedate=2018-06-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180607135048/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/calgary-deerfoot-study-funding-alberta-government-1.4646816 |deadurl=no |df=mdy-all |last=Labby |first=Bryan |title=Still no money for Deerfoot Trail after 'affordable' fixes identified |work=CBC News}} 78. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/deerfoot-trail-study-measures-commuter-satisfaction-to-improve-safety-and-mobility |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161004171827/http://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/deerfoot-trail-study-measures-commuter-satisfaction-to-improve-safety-and-mobility |archivedate=October 4, 2016 |accessdate=2016-10-20 |date=2016-10-03 |last=Rumbolt |first=Ryan |work=Calgary Herald |df=mdy-all |deadurl=no |title=Deerfoot Trail's slow, inconsistent pace frustrates Calgarians }} 79. ^1 {{Cite web| author=Google | publisher=Google | work=Google Street View | date=September 2015 |url=https://goo.gl/maps/A8ZFzWT9ka22 |title=Deerfoot Trail in the Bow River valley near Acadia | accessdate=October 26, 2016}} 80. ^1 {{Cite web| author=Google | publisher=Google | work=Google Street View | date=May 2016 |url=https://goo.gl/maps/9abSKVaCK352 |title=Bypass signage |accessdate=October 26, 2016}} 81. ^1 {{Cite web| author=Google | publisher=Google | work=Google Street View | date=May 2016 |url=https://goo.gl/maps/nGJ56SMN9xF2 |title=Deerfoot Trail south terminus |accessdate=October 26, 2016}} 82. ^1 {{Cite web | author=Google | url=https://goo.gl/maps/heBhcesrwPN2 |date=May 2016 |title=Deerfoot Trail / Stoney Trail interchange in southeast Calgary |work=Google Street View|accessdate=October 26, 2016}} 83. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.transportation.alberta.ca/Content/docType490/production/History.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023000249/http://www.transportation.alberta.ca/Content/docType490/production/History.pdf |archivedate=2016-10-23 |publisher=Alberta Transportation |author=City of Calgary |accessdate=2016-10-23 |deadurl=no |title=Southwest Calgary Ring Road Planning Studies |df=mdy-all}} 84. ^1 2 {{Cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/urbantransportat00albe |publisher=Alberta Transportation |date=1984 |title=Urban Transportation in 1984 |accessdate=2016-12-24 |df=mdy-all}} }} External links{{Attached KML|display=title,inline}}
2 : Freeways in Alberta|Roads in Calgary |
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