| 词条 | Demetrios Christodoulou |
| 释义 |
|name = Demetrios Christodoulou |image = Demetrios Christodoulou.jpeg |image_size = 250px |caption = |birth_date = {{BirthDeathAge|B|1951|10|19|}} |birth_place = Athens, Greece |death_date = |death_place = |residence = Greece, Switzerland |citizenship = Greek, U.S. |nationality = Greek |ethnicity = |fields = Mathematics, Physics |workplaces = Princeton University Caltech CERN Syracuse University Courant Institute ETH Zurich |alma_mater = Princeton University |doctoral_advisor = John Archibald Wheeler |academic_advisor = |doctoral_students = Mihalis Dafermos |notable_students = |known_for = hyperbolic partial differential equations, general relativity, fluid mechanics |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |awards = Otto Hahn Medal (1981) MacArthur Fellows Award (1993) Bôcher Memorial Prize (1999) Member of American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2001) Tomalla Foundation Prize (2008) Shaw Prize (2011) Member of U.S. National Academy of Sciences (2012) }}Demetrios Christodoulou ({{lang-el|Δημήτριος Χριστοδούλου}}; born October 19, 1951[1]) is a Greek mathematician and physicist, who first became well known for his proof, together with Sergiu Klainerman, of the nonlinear stability of the Minkowski spacetime of special relativity in the framework of general relativity. Early life and educationChristodoulou was born in Athens and received his doctorate in physics from Princeton University in 1971 under the direction of John Archibald Wheeler.[2] After temporary positions at Caltech, CERN, and the Max Planck Institute for Physics, he became Professor of Mathematics, first at Syracuse University, then at the Courant Institute, and at Princeton University, before taking up his last position as Professor of Mathematics and Physics at the ETH Zurich in Switzerland.[1] He is Emeritus Professor since January 2017. He holds dual Greek and U.S. citizenship. AchievementsIn 1993, he published a book[3] coauthored with Klainerman in which the extraordinarily difficult proof of the stability result is laid out in detail. In that year, he was named a MacArthur Fellow. In 1991, he published a paper[4] which shows that the test masses of a gravitational wave detector suffer permanent relative displacements after the passage of a gravitational wave train, an effect which has been named "nonlinear memory effect". In the period 1987–1999 he published a series of papers on the gravitational collapse of a spherically symmetric self-gravitating scalar field and the formation of black holes and associated spacetime singularities.[5][6][7] He also showed that, contrary to what had been expected, singularities which are not hidden in a black hole also occur.[8] However, he then showed that such "naked singularities" are unstable.[9] In 2000, Christodoulou published a book[10] on general systems of partial differential equations deriving from a variational principle (or "action principle"). In 2007, he published a book[11] on the formation of shock waves in 3-dimensional fluids. In 2009 he published a book[12] where a result which complements the stability result is proved. Namely, that a sufficiently strong flux of incoming gravitational waves leads to the formation of a black hole. AwardsChristodoulou is a recipient of the Bôcher Memorial Prize,[13] a prestigious award of the American Mathematical Society. The Bôcher Prize citation mentions his work on the spherically symmetric scalar field as well as his work on the stability of Minkowski spacetime. In 2008 he was awarded the Tomalla prize in gravitation.[14] In 2011, he and Richard S. Hamilton won the Shaw Prize in the Mathematical Sciences,[15] "for their highly innovative works on nonlinear partial differential equations in Lorentzian and Riemannian geometry and their applications to general relativity and topology". The citation for Christodoulou mentions his work on the formation of black holes by gravitational waves as well as his earlier work on the spherically symmetric self-gravitating scalar field and his work with Klainerman on the stability of Minkowski spacetime. Christodoulou is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences.[16] In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.[17] In 2014 he was a plenary speaker at the ICM in Seoul. Since 2016 is also a member of the Academia Europaea.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.math.ethz.ch/~demetri/CV.pdf|title=Demetrios Christodoulou Curriculum Vitae|publisher=Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich|accessdate=13 April 2010}} 2. ^{{MathGenealogy|26891}} 3. ^{{cite book|author1=Christodoulou, Demetrios |author2=Klainerman, Sergiu|title=The global nonlinear stability of the Minkowski space|location=Princeton|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1993|isbn=0-691-08777-6}} 4. ^{{cite journal|author=D. Christodoulou|title=Nonlinear nature of gravitation and gravitational-wave experiments|journal=Phys. Rev. Lett.|volume=67|pages=1486–1489|year=1991|bibcode=1991PhRvL..67.1486C|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.1486|issue=12|pmid=10044168}} 5. ^{{cite journal|author=D. Christodoulou|title=A mathematical theory of gravitational collapse|journal=Commun. Math. Phys.|volume=109|pages=613–647|year=1987|bibcode=1987CMaPh.109..613C|doi=10.1007/BF01208960|issue=4}} 6. ^{{cite journal|author=D. Christodoulou|title=The formation of black holes and singularities in spherically symmetric gravitational collapse|journal=Commun. Pure Appl. Math.|volume=44|pages=339–373|year=1991|doi=10.1002/cpa.3160440305|issue=3}} 7. ^{{cite journal|author=D. Christodoulou|title=Bounded variation solutions of the spherically symmetric Einstein-scalar field equations|journal=Commun. Pure Appl. Math.|volume=46|pages=1131–1220|year=1993|doi=10.1002/cpa.3160460803|issue=8}} 8. ^{{cite journal|author=D.Christodoulou|title=Examples of naked singularity formation in the gravitational collapse of a scalar field|journal=Ann. Math.|volume=140|pages=607–653|year=1994|doi=10.2307/2118619|issue=3}} 9. ^{{cite journal|author=D. Christodoulou|title=The instability of naked singularities in the gravitational collapse of a scalar field|journal=Ann. Math.|volume=149|pages=183–217| year=1999|doi=10.2307/121023|issue=1|arxiv=math/9901147}} 10. ^{{cite book|author=Christodoulou, Demetrios|title=The action principle and partial differential equations|location=Princeton|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2000|isbn=0-691-04957-2}} 11. ^{{cite book|author=Christodoulou, Demetrios|title=The formation of shocks in 3-dimensional fluids|location=Zurich|publisher=European Mathematical Society Publishing House|year=2007|isbn=978-3-03719-031-9}} 12. ^{{cite book|author=Christodoulou, Demetrios|title=The formation of black holes in general relativity|location=Zurich |publisher=European Mathematical Society Publishing House|year=2009|isbn=978-3-03719-068-5}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=1999 Maxime Bôcher Memorial Prize|publisher=American Mathematical Society|url=http://www.ams.org/notices/199904/comm-bocher-prz.pdf|accessdate=August 8, 2005|format=PDF}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=The Tomalla Foundation|work=Tomalla Foundation|url=http://www.tomalla.ch/docs/speechChris.pdf|accessdate=February 13, 2008}} 15. ^{{cite press release|title=Shaw Laureates - 2011 - Mathematical Sciences|publisher=Shaw Prize|url=http://www.shawprize.org/en/shaw.php?tmp=3&twoid=90&threeid=181&fourid=303|accessdate=June 7, 2011}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=News from the National Academy of Sciences|work=NAS Members and Foreign Associates Elected|url=http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/2012_05_01_NAS_Election.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504002407/http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/2012_05_01_NAS_Election.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=May 4, 2012|accessdate=May 1, 2012}} 17. ^List of Fellows of the American Mathematical Society, retrieved 2012-11-10. External links
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21 : 1951 births|20th-century American mathematicians|21st-century American mathematicians|21st-century American physicists|Greek mathematicians|Greek physicists|ETH Zurich faculty|Princeton University faculty|Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences faculty|Syracuse University faculty|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences|Fellows of the American Mathematical Society|Guggenheim Fellows|MacArthur Fellows|PDE theorists|Relativity theorists|Fluid dynamicists|Living people|People from Athens|Mathematicians from New York (state) |
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