“Demographics of Norway”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Norway, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Total population

The total population of Norway on 1 January 2018 was 5,295,619.^[2] Statistics Norway estimated that the 5,000,000 milestone was reached on 19 March 2012.^[3]

Population growth rate in 2017

Total Fertility Rate from 1850 to 1899

The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation.^[4]

Vital statistics since 1900

Data according to Statistics Norway, which collects the official statistics for Norway.^[5]

Current natural increase

Total fertility rate

Life expectancy at birth from 1846 to 2015

Ethnicity

Ethnically, the residents of Norway are predominantly Norwegians, a North Germanic ethnic group descent. In Northern Norway live the Sami, who claim descent from people who settled the area around 8,000 years ago, probably from continental Europe through the Norwegian coast and through Finland along the inland glaciers. As of 2012, an official government study shows that 86.2% of the total population are ethnic Norwegians.^[32] The national minorities of Norway include Scandinavian Romani, Roma, Jews, and Kvener, as well as a small Finnish community.

In the last decades, Norway has become home to increasing numbers of immigrants, foreign workers, and asylum-seekers from various parts of the world. Norway had a steady influx of immigrants from South Asia (mostly Pakistanis and Sri Lankans), East Asia (mainly Chinese), and Southeast Asia/Pacific Islands (e.g. Filipinos), Eastern Europe (e.g. Russians and Poles), Southern Europe (Greeks, Albanians and people from former Yugoslavia etc.), and Middle East countries (especially Iraqis and Palestinians), as well as Somalis, Turks, Moroccans, and some Latin Americans. After ten Eastern European and Baltic countries joined the EU in 2004, there has also been a substantial influx of people from Poland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

Immigrants constituted 13% of the population at the start of 2015, and an additional 2.6% were born in Norway by immigrant parents^[10] (up from 8,3% and 1,5% in 2006^[11]). The same year, 19% of births in Norway were to immigrant parents.^[10] In 2006, non-Western immigrants constituted 75% of the total number of immigrants. They contribute much of the population growth. Among people of African descent in Oslo, almost 60% are younger than 30, compared to 20% of those of North American background.^[11]

As of 2012, an official government study shows that more than 660,000 individuals (13.8%) are migrants and their descendants (110,000 second generation migrants born in Norway).^[32]

In 2012, of the total 660 000 with immigrant background, 407,262 had Norwegian citizenship (62.2 percent).^[13]

The cities or municipalities with the highest share of immigrants in 2012 was Oslo (26 percent) and Drammen (18 percent).^[14] The share in Stavanger was 16%.^[14] According to Reuters, Oslo is the "fastest growing city in Europe because of increased immigration".^[15] In recent years, immigration has accounted for most of Norway's population growth.^[11]

Genetics of the native people of Norway

Y-chromosome DNA

Y-Chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) represents the male lineage, The Norwegian Y-chromosome pool may be summarized as follows where haplogroups R1 & I comprise generally more than 85% of the total chromosomes.^[18]

Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA mtDNA represents the female lineage, Haplogroup H represent about 40% of the Norwegian mitochondrial DNA lineages^[19]

Immigration

As of 2012, an official study shows that the quotient of the total population that is either born outside Norway, or has one or two parents born abroad, or has one or more grandparents born abroad is 1,100,000 to 5,017,500 (which equals 21.9%).^[20]

About a half million of these, however, identify as ethnic Norwegians who may have, for example, Swedish or Danish ancestors. As of 2012, an official government study shows that 86.2%^[12] of the total population are ethnic Norwegians and more than 660,000 individuals (13.8%)^[12] are migrants and their descendants (110,000^[12] second generation migrants born in Norway).

Other demographic statistics

Norway is an ancient country and it is claimed that as far back as 1665, there were already 440,000 people living here. Despite wars, steady growth through the ages has continued to the point where the Norway population in 2014 now stands at approximately 5,091,246.^[55]

Historical landmarks were reached in 1825, when the population of Norway hit 1,051,318 and thereby exceeded one million for the first time in the country’s history and in 1900, the numbers had reached 2,240,032.^[55]

Throughout the 20th century, population growth was steady and on a census by census basis, it generally increased in that century by between 3% and 4%.^[55]

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.^[22]

Slightly greater than British Columbia, but slightly less than Singapore and Eritrea.

Norwegian 83.2% (includes about 60,000 Sami), other European 8.3%, other 8.5% (2017 est.)

Sami is an official language in nine municipalities in Norway's three northernmost counties: Finnmark, Nordland, and Troms.

Church of Norway (Evangelical Lutheran - official) 71.5%, Roman Catholic 2.8%, other Christian 3.9%, Muslim 2.8%, other 2%, unspecified 7.5% (2016 est.)

Religion

The Lutheran Church of Norway is the former state church and the vast majority remain at least nominal members. Other religions do, however, enjoy religious freedom and have prospered with immigration in recent years, particularly Islam and Roman Catholicism. Saint Olaf is the patron saint of Norway. He is regarded by some as the eternal king and has a reputation and place in history unchallenged by any other Norwegian King for the last 1000 years.

Language

Official languages

Norwegian (the written standards Bokmål and Nynorsk).
Uralic languages – South Sami, Lule Sami, North Sami and Kven – are additional official languages of some municipalities.

See also

Notes

1. ^¹Data from Statistics Norway table 05803: [https://www.ssb.no/en/table/05803 Population, births, deaths, marriages, migration and population increase]. Figures for 1735-1815 and 1838 are taken from Michael Drake: Population and Society in Norway 1735-1865. Before 1816 estimated mean population.
2. ^Population per 1 January 2013 and population changes in 2012. Counties SSB, retrieved 14 September 2013
3. ^Nina Berglund: Norwegians now number 5 million Norwegians now number 5 million News in English, 18 March 2012
4. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰¹¹{{cite|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/children-born-per-woman?year=1800&country=NOR|title=Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries|author=Max Roser|date=2014|work=Our World In Data, Gapminder Foundation}}
5. ^Statistics Norway
6. ^https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/nokkeltall
7. ^{{cite web|title=Population and population changes|url=https://www.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/selecttable/hovedtabellHjem.asp?KortNavnWeb=folkemengde&CMSSubjectArea=befolkning&PLanguage=1&checked=true|website=Statistics Norway|accessdate=20 November 2018}}
8. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹{{Cite web|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy?year=1810|title=Life expectancy|website=Our World in Data|access-date=2018-08-28}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|last=|date=|year=|publisher=|pages=|language=|format=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|deadurl=|accessdate=2017-07-15|quote=|periodical=|month=|day=}}
10. ^¹Innvandrere og norskfødte med innvandrerforeldre, 1. januar 2015 Statistics Norway, 4 March 2015. Accessed 28 December 2015.
11. ^¹²Fakta om innvandrebefolkningen i Oslo IMDi-rapport 5A-2007.
12. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸{{cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/02/01/10/innvbef_en/tab-2012-04-26-04-en.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-02-06 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206040422/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/02/01/10/innvbef_en/tab-2012-04-26-04-en.html |archivedate=6 February 2013 |df=dmy }}
13. ^"Three categories of immigration background, country of birth and citizenship by country background and sex. 1 January 2012 " {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120131655/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/02/01/10/innvbef_en/tab-2012-04-26-03-en.html |date=20 November 2012 }}. Statistics Norway. 26 April 2012. Accessed 27 April 2012. [https://www.webcitation.org/60kwqnxn8?url=http://www.ssb.no/innvbef_en/tab-2011-04-28-02-en.html Archived] 7 August 2011.
14. ^¹Innvandrere og norskfødte med innvandrerforeldre, 1. januar 2012 Statistics Norway, retrieved 30 March 2013
15. ^Hare, Sophie. [https://af.reuters.com/article/sudanNews/idAFL6E7IM19S20110722 "Factbox – facts about Norway"]. Reuters. 22 July 2011. Accessed 22 July 2011.
16. ^Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents
17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/en/innvbef/|work=Statistics Norway|title=Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, 1 January 2019|language=no}}
18. ^Helgason et al. 2000, Zerjal et al. 2001, Passarino et al. 2002, Rootsi et al. 2004, Dupuy et al. 2006, Lindqvist et al. 2006
19. ^Passarino et al. 2002, Loogväli et al. 2004, Tambets et al. 2004, Lappalainen et al. 2006
20. ^SSB: 1,1 million nordmenn har «innvandrerbakgrunn»
21. ^¹²³{{cite |url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/norway-population/ |title=World Population Review: Norway Population 2018|date=14 June 2018 }}
22. ^¹{{cite|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/no.html|title=World Factbook EUROPE : NORWAY|work=The World Factbook|date=July 12, 2018}}
23. ^Statistics Norway – Church of Norway and other religious and philosophical communities