| 词条 | Dermatographic urticaria |
| 释义 |
| name = Dermatographic urticarial D | synonyms = | image = Dermatographic urticaria.jpg | caption = Dermatographic urticaria is sometimes called "skin writing". | pronounce = | field = Dermatology, allergy and immunology | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }}Dermatographic urticaria (also known as dermographism, dermatographism or "skin writing") is a skin disorder and one of the most common types of urticaria, affecting 2–5% of the population.[1][2] Signs and symptomsThe condition manifests as an allergic-like reaction, causing a warm red wheal to appear on the skin. As it is often the result of scratches, involving contact with other materials, it can be confused with an allergic reaction, when in fact it is the act of being scratched that causes a wheal to appear. These wheals are a subset of urticaria (hives), and appear within minutes, in some cases accompanied by itching. The first outbreak of urticaria can lead to other reactions on body parts not directly stimulated, scraped, or scratched. In a normal case, the swelling will decrease without treatment within 15–30 minutes, but, in extreme cases, itchy red welts may last anywhere from a few hours to days. CausesSymptoms are thought to be the result of histamine being released by mast cells on the surface of the skin. Due to the lack of antigens, histamine causes the skin to swell in affected areas.[3] If the membrane that surrounds the mast cells is too weak it will easily and rapidly break down under physical pressure, which then causes an allergic-like reaction.[3] Symptoms can be caused or induced by:[3]
The underlying cause of dermographism is not known, and it can last for many years without relief. The condition may subside and be effectively cured; however, it is often a lifelong ailment.{{dubious|date=October 2016}} It is not a life-threatening disease, and it is not contagious.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} Dermographism may occur in mastocytosis (systemic mast cell proliferation). Diagnosis{{Empty section|date=July 2018}}TreatmentDermographism can be treated by substances which prevent histamine from causing the reaction (i.e. an antihistamine). These may need to be given as a combination of H1 antagonists, or possibly with an H2-receptor antagonist such as cimetidine.[5][6] Over-the-counter vitamin C, 1000 mg daily, increases histamine degradation and removal.[7]{{Explain|date=February 2018}} Refraining from taking hot baths or showers may help if the condition is generalized (i.e. all over), as well as possibly for localized cases (i.e. in a specific area). If taking hot showers helps, it may be a condition called shower eczema. If it affects mainly the head, it may be psoriasis. In rare cases, allergy tests may uncover substances the patient is allergic to.[6] While cromoglycate, which prevents histamine from being released from mast cells, is used topically in rhinitis and asthma, it is not effective orally for treating chronic urticaria.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} See also
References1. ^{{cite journal |author=Jedele |title= Familial dermographism |journal=Am. J. Med. Genet. |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=201–203 |year=1991 |pmid=2063925 |doi=10.1002/ajmg.1320390216 |first = Kerry B.|last2 = Michels|first2 = Virginia V.}}{{Closed access}} 2. ^{{cite journal |author=Kontou-Fili |title=Physical urticaria: classification and diagnostic guidelines. An EAACI position paper |journal=Allergy |volume=52 |issue=5 |pages=504–513 |year=1997 |pmid=9201361 |doi= 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb02593.x|first = K.|last2 = Borici-Mazi|first2 = R.|last3 = Kapp|first3 = A.|last4 = Matjevic|first4 = L.J.|last5 = Mitchel|first5 = F.B.}}{{Closed access}} 3. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=https://www.thehealthyapron.com/dermographia-dermographism-treatment|title=Dermographia (Dermographism- Causes, Symptoms, Treatment)|last=Fadden|first=Helen|last2=|first2=|date=2016-09-27|website=thehealthyapron.com online|publisher=Helen Fadden|access-date=2018-01-09}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://dermatographia.com/diet|title=Dermographia Diet |last=Brown|first=Keith|last2=|first2=|date=2019-03-05|website=dermatographia.com online|publisher=Keith Brown|access-date=2019-03-07}} 5. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Wozel G, Sahre EM, Barth J |title=[Effectiveness of combination treatment with H1-(Tavegyl) and H2-antagonists (Altramet) in chronic/chronically-recurrent urticaria] |language=German |journal=Dermatologische Monatsschrift |volume=176 |issue=11 |pages=653–659 |year=1990 |pmid=2083605 |url=|issn = 0011-9083|oclc = 1566270}} 6. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Negro-Álvarez |title=Chronic idiopathic urticaria treatment |journal=Allergologia et immunopathologia |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=129–132 |year=2001 |pmid=11674926 |doi=10.1016/S0301-0546(01)79045-3 |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301054601790453 |issn = 0301-0546|first = J.M.|last2 = Miralles-López|first2 = J.C.}}{{Closed access}} 7. ^{{Cite journal|last=Johnston|first=C. S.|last2=Martin|first2=L. J.|last3=Cai|first3=X.|date=1992-04-01|title=Antihistamine effect of supplemental ascorbic acid and neutrophil chemotaxis|journal=Journal of the American College of Nutrition|volume=11|issue=2|pages=172–176|issn=0731-5724|pmid=1578094}} External links{{Medical resources| DiseasesDB = 12736 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|L|50|3|l|50}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|708.3}} | ICDO = | OMIM = 125635 | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = derm | eMedicineTopic = 446 | MeshID = }}{{Urticaria and erythema}} 1 : Urticaria and angioedema |
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