| 词条 | Mohammad Hossein Fahmideh |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = Shahid | name = Mohammad Hossein Fahmideh | honorific_suffix = | image = File:Mohammad Hossein Fahmideh.JPG | image_size = | alt = | caption = Portrait of Fahmideh in the Martyrs' Museum, Tehran | native_name = محمد حسین فهمیده | native_name_lang = fa | birth_name = | nickname = | birth_date = {{birth date|1967|05|06}} | birth_place = Qom, Iran | death_date = {{Death date and age|1980|10|30|1967|05|06}} | death_place = Khorramshahr Khuzestan province, Iran | placeofburial = Behesht-e Zahra cemetery, Tehran | placeofburial_label = | placeofburial_coordinates = | allegiance = Islamic Republic of Iran | branch = Basij | serviceyears = | rank = | servicenumber = | unit = | commands = | battles = Iran–Iraq War
| battles_label = | awards = 1st grade Fath Medal | memorials = | relations = Mohammad Taqi Fahmideh (father) | laterwork = | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | website = | module = }} Mohammad Hossein Fahmideh (Persian: محمد حسین فهمیده)[1] (born 6 May 1967 in Qom – 30 October 1980 in Khorramshahr) is an Iranian war hero[2] and an icon of the Iran–Iraq war. In September 1980, Iraq initiated the invasion of Iran via air and land, sending five armoured and mechanized divisions across the Shatt al-Arab (Arvand Rud) waterway to invade the oil-rich Khuzestan Province in southern Iran, quickly seizing several towns in the area, and, on November 10, attacked the city of Khorramshahr.[3] According to his official biography,[3] Fahmideh was a 13-year-old boy from Qom who, at the outbreak of war in 1980,[4] left his home without his parents knowing to go to southern Iran and aid in the defense of Khorramshahr, the front line of the war.[5] In the besieged city of Khorramshahr, he fought side-by-side with older Iranian soldiers.[6] Fahmideh was among the Iranians who engaged in fierce house-to-house battles in which thousands of Iraqis and Iranians were killed.[3] At one point, Iraqi forces pushed the Iranian troops back as they were passing through a very narrow canal. Due to a lack of RPG rockets and the sensitive formation of the Iraqi tanks, Fahmideh, seeing that his older comrades were already dead or wounded,[7] wrapped himself in a grenade belt from a nearby body, pulled the pins out, and jumped underneath an advancing Iraqi tank, killing himself and disabling the tank.[8] This led the Iraqi tank column to believe that the Iranians had mined the area, ceasing their advance. Later, Voice of the Islamic Republic of Iran broadcast a breaking news story describing the incident.[11] His story inspired many Iranians during the war to risk death to protect their nation and has been heralded by leaders in Iran from Ayatollah Khomeini to President Mohammad Khatami.[9] Ayatollah Khomeini declared Fahmideh an Iranian national hero,[10] and made references to him in several of his speeches:[9][7] {{quote|Our leader is that 13-years-old child who threw himself with his little heart against the enemy. He is worth more than a hundred pens and a hundred tongues.}}Fahmideh is buried in Behesht-e Zahra cemetery in Tehran in section 24, row 44, no. 11.[11] A monument to him was erected on the outskirts of Tehran and has become a place of pilgrimage for young Iranians.[12][13] In the years following Hossein's death, murals have been erected throughout Iran, book bags displaying Hossein were sold to children, and, in 1986, a postage stamp was issued in his memory.[14] Streets, hospitals, schools, and a sports stadium have been named in his honor.[9] The day of his death, October 30, marks the "Student Basij Day" in the official calendar of Iran.[15] Fahmideh was posthumously awarded the 1st grade Fath Medal on September 27, 1989 after the Iran–Iraq War, becoming its first recipient.[16] See also
References1. ^{{IPA-fa|mohæmmæd hoˌsejne fæhmiːˈde}} {{commonscat|Mohammad Hossein Fahmideh}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Fahmideh, Mohammad Hossein}}2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iran-daily.com/1383/2129/html/panorama.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2004-12-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041216144735/http://www.iran-daily.com/1383/2129/html/panorama.htm |archivedate=2004-12-16 |df= }} 3. ^http://www.iranian.com/AssalBadrkhani/2003/October/Peace/index.html 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.impact-se.org/docs/reports/Iran/Iran2006_ch8.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-03-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106032154/http://www.impact-se.org/docs/reports/Iran/Iran2006_ch8.pdf |archivedate=2009-01-06 |df= }} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://fbilibrary.fbiacademy.edu/bibliographies/suicidebombers.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-03-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905175413/http://fbilibrary.fbiacademy.edu/bibliographies/suicidebombers.htm |archivedate=2008-09-05 |df= }} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8608070681 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-10-31 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031223126/http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8608070681 |archivedate=2007-10-31 |df= }} 7. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Mitchell|first1=Jolyon|title=Promoting peace, inciting violence : the role of religion and media|date=2012|publisher=Routledge|location=Abingdon, Oxon|isbn=9780415557467|page=49}} 8. ^https://web.archive.org/web/20071031223126/http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8608070681 9. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last1=Davis|first1=Joyce|title=Martyrs: Innocence, Vengeance, and Despair in the Middle East|date=2004|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781403966810|pages=49–50}} 10. ^http://www.naderdavoodi.net/?cat=imposedwar&id=226 11. ^1 http://www.tebyan.net/newindex.aspx?pid=4108 12. ^The making of a suicide bomber 13. ^Shahid Fahmideh 14. ^http://web.mit.edu/isg/IAQ242005.pdf 15. ^http://www.irdc.ir/en/calendar/387/default.aspx 16. ^http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13921029000489 6 : 1967 births|1980 deaths|Child soldiers|Iranian military personnel killed in the Iran–Iraq War|Recipients of the Order of Fath|Volunteer Basij personnel of the Iran–Iraq War |
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