| 词条 | Monterey Pass |
| 释义 |
| name = Monterey Pass | other_name = aliases: Monterey,[1] Monterey Gap,[2] Monterey Springs[2] | photo = South Mountain-airphoto.jpg | photo_caption = South Mountain, with Monterey Pass at top of photo. | elevation = ~1300 ft | traversed = Old Pennsylvania Route 16 | location = Washington Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania | range = South Mountain | coordinates = {{coord|39|44|09|N|77|28|28|W|type:pass|display=inline,title}} | topo = USGS }} Monterey Pass is a {{convert|1300|ft|km}} mountain pass located in Franklin County, southern Pennsylvania. GeographyThe saddle area lies near Happel's Meadow, [1] between Monterey Peak (1,663 ft) and Clermont Crag (1627 ft), in the South Mountain Range of the northern Blue Ridge Mountains System. It is located near Blue Ridge Summit and the historical Mason–Dixon line. HistoryGettysburg Campaign{{Main|Fight at Monterey Pass}}It was the site of the July 1863 Fight at Monterey Pass during the Retreat from Gettysburg in the American Civil War. The first military engagement at Monterey Pass was on June 22, 1863. Captain Robert B. Moorman, commanding Company D of the 14th Virginia Cavalry[2] was dispatched eastward from the area between Greencastle, Pennsylvania, and Hagerstown, Maryland, to obtain horses reportedly available from local Southern sympathizers.[3] After the company passed through Leitersburg, Maryland,[4] and on to Caledonia Furnace; at Monterey the company encountered Bell's Adams County Cavalry[5] and the First Troop, Philadelphia City Cavalry,{{Citation needed|date=October 2008}} both temporarily based in Gettysburg. After a very brief skirmish, the Confederate troops withdrew toward Hagerstown, joining General Richard S. Ewell, who was advancing with a larger force.[6] Previous combat in the area included a June 21 engagement at Fairfield, and subsequent engagements prior to the Battle of Gettysburg included the first combat of Adams County, Pennsylvania, during the Civil War.[7] (Pennsylvania militia[8] at Fountain Dale on June 28) and at Emmitsburg, Maryland, on June 24. In addition to the July 4–5 Fight at Monterey Pass, July 4 combat in the area included the Skirmish at Fairfield Gap, Pennsylvania,[9] and skirmishes near Emmitsburg MD (9.4 miles east), Zora, Pennsylvania, and Waynesboro, Pennsylvania (6.5 miles west).[6] As late as July 8, Union forces such as Company D, 10th New York Cavalry, were still in the area.[10] East Cemetery Hill Tablet 6 of 9 July 4, 1863 First and Second Brigade, First Cavalry Division marched from Westminster The Reserve Brigade First Cavalry Division from Gettysburg en route to Frederick Second Brigade Second Cavalry Division from Westminster via Emmitsburg to Monterey The Third Brigade Second Cavalry Division from Gettysburg to Hunterstown and the Third Cavalry Division from Gettysburg via Emmitsburg to Monterey Skirmishes at Fairfield Gap Pennsylvania and near Emmitsburg Md See also
References1. ^Washtwp-franklin.org: Happel's Meadow 2. ^Eastern Washington Cavalry Association 3. ^Library of Congress 4. ^Hughes' Iron Works {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714112841/http://www.montaltoborough.com/web/content/view/4/8/ |date=2011-07-14 }} 5. ^1 {{cite book |title=Here come the Rebels! |last=Nye |first=Wilbur Sturtevant |year=1988 |pages=243–44 |isbn=0-89029-780-0 |location=Dayton OH |publisher=Press of Morningside Bookshop}} 6. ^1 Emmitsburg Area Historical Society 7. ^{{cite book |title=Heritage Tour – 2008 |others=Lindy Bumbaugh, guide |page=6,12}} 8. ^{{cite book|title=A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion |last=Dyer |first =Frederick H |year=1994 |publisher=Broadfoot Publishing Company |location=Wilmington NC |page=827}} 9. ^{{citation |publisher=National Park Service |title=Army of the Potomac [tablet 6 of 9] |location=on East Cemetery Hill of Gettysburg Battlefield}} 10. ^1 2 {{cite book |title=Supplement to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Part II --Record-- of Events Vol. 41 |page=427,458 |quote=July 8. – [Marched to] near Monterey Springs [Gap]. |publisher=Broadfoot Publishing Company |location=Wilmington NC |isbn=1-56837-342-2}} External links{{commonscat|position=left|Blue Ridge Mountains}}
3 : Mountain passes of Pennsylvania|Landforms of Franklin County, Pennsylvania|South Mountain Range (Maryland−Pennsylvania) |
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