| 词条 | Muraena |
| 释义 |
| fossil_range = {{fossilrange|11.3|0|Late Miocene to Present[1]}} | image =EL32p.jpg | image_caption = | taxon = Muraena | authority = Linnaeus, 1758 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text. }} Muraena is a genus of twelve species of large eels in the family Muraenidae. This genus is common in the Mediterranean, and is abundantly represented in tropical and subtropical seas, especially in rocky parts or on coral reefs. In the majority, a long fin runs from the head along the back, round the tail to the vent, but all are destitute of pectoral and ventral fins. The skin is scaleless and smooth, in many species ornamented with varied and bright colours.[2] The mouth is wide, the jaws strong and armed with formidable, generally sharply pointed, teeth, which enable the Muraena not only to seize its prey (which chiefly consists of other fishes) but also to inflict serious, and sometimes dangerous, wounds on its enemies. It attacks persons who approach its places of concealment in shallow water, and is feared by fishermen.[2] At least one species, Muraena retifera, possesses an additional "raptorial pharyngeal jaw" within the pharynx, which is mobile and can be thrust forwards quickly to assist in grasping prey.[3] Some of the tropical Muraenas exceed a length of 5 feet (150 cm), but most of the species, among them the Mediterranean moray, are somewhat smaller. The latter, the "murena" of the Italians and the Muraena helena of ichthyologists, was considered by the ancient Romans to be one of the greatest delicacies, and was kept in large ponds and aquaria. It is not confined to the coasts of southern Europe, but is spread over the Indian Ocean, and is not uncommon on the coasts of Australia. Its body is generally of a rich brown, marked with large yellowish spots, each of which contains smaller brown spots.[2] Species
References1. ^{{cite journal | last = Sepkoski | first = Jack | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = A compendium of fossil marine animal genera | journal = Bulletins of American Paleontology | volume = 364 | issue = |page=560 | publisher = | location = | year = 2002 | url = http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class | doi = | id = | accessdate = 2008-01-08 }} 2. ^1 2 {{EB1911 |wstitle=Muraena |volume=17 |pages=15–16 |inline=1}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/environment/for-moray-eels-two-jaws-better-than-one/2007/09/06/1188783398918.html|title=For moray eels, two jaws better than one - Environment - smh.com.au|publisher=Sydney Morning Herald}}
3 : Muraenidae|Muraena|Extant Miocene first appearances |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。