| 词条 | Abraham Mapu |
| 释义 |
BiographyAs a child, Mapu studied in a cheder where his father served as a teacher. He married in 1825. For many years he was an impoverished, itinerant schoolmaster. Mapu gained financial security when he was appointed teacher in a government school for Jewish children. He worked as a teacher in various towns and cities, joined the Haskalah movement, and studied German, French and Russian. He also studied Latin from a translation of the Bible to that language, given him by his local rabbi. He returned in 1848 to Kaunas and self-published his first historical novel, Ahavat Zion. This is considered one of the first Hebrew novels. He began work on it in 1830 but completed it only in 1853. Unable to fully subsist on his book sales, he relied on the support of his brother, Matisyahu. In 1867 he moved to Königsberg due to illness, published his last book, Amon Pedagogue (Amon means something like Mentor), and died there. EvaluationMapu is considered the first Hebrew novelist.{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}} Influenced by French Romanticism, he wrote intricately plotted stories about life in ancient Israel, which he contrasted favorably with 19th-century Jewish life. His style is fresh and poetic, almost Biblical in its simple grandeur. LegacyThe romantic-nationalistic ideas in his novels later inspired David Ben-Gurion{{citation needed|date=July 2016|reason=no mention of Ben-Gurion in the one cited source, Patterson}} and others active in the leadership of the modern Zionist movement that led to the establishment of the state of Israel. The American Hebrew poet, Gabriel Preil, references Mapu in one of his works, and focuses on the two writers' native Lithuania. Novels
CommemorationsStreets bearing his name are found in the Kaunas Old Town and in the Israeli cities of Tel-Aviv and Jerusalem. A well-known Israeli novel called "The Children from Mapu Street" ("הילדים מרחוב מאפו") also celebrates his name. References1. ^{{Citation | title = Mapu, Abraham | url = http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX2587513220&v=2.1&u=new27191&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w | year = 2007 | author = Patterson, David | journal = Encyclopaedia Judaica | edition= 2nd | pages = 505–507; here p. 506 | volume = 13 | quote=By fostering pride in the national past and focusing attention on the land of Israel, Mapu provided an emotional stimulus for generations of young readers. Indeed, the contribution of his novels to the rise of the Jewish national movement from which Zionism later emerged must be regarded as an important factor in modern Jewish history. | accessdate = 2013-08-15}} External links{{commons category|Abraham Mapu}}{{EB1911 poster|Mapu, Abraham}}
11 : 1808 births|1867 deaths|Jewish novelists|Lithuanian male writers|Lithuanian Jews|Modern Hebrew writers|19th-century novelists|Lithuanian novelists|Male novelists|19th-century Lithuanian people|19th-century male writers |
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