“National University of Ireland (constituency)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

}}National University of Ireland (NUI) is a university constituency in Ireland, which currently elects three senators to Seanad Éireann. Its electorate is the graduates of the university, which has a number of constituent universities. It previously elected members to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom (1918–21), to the House of Commons of Southern Ireland (1921) and to Dáil Éireann (1918–1936).

Representation

House of Commons of the United Kingdom

Under the Representation of the People Act 1918, NUI was enfranchised as a new university constituency and continued to be entitled to be represented by one Member of Parliament in the British House of Commons until the dissolution of Parliament on 26 October 1922, shortly before the Irish Free State became a dominion outside the United Kingdom on 6 December 1922. In 1918 the electorate included all registered male graduates over 21 (or over 19 if in armed services) and female graduates over 30. There were 3,819 voters registered for the 1918 general election. Most, if not all, of those electors would have been plural voters also entitled to vote in a territorial constituency. The 1918 general election took place on 14 December and the results were declared on 28 December, except for the university constituencies. NUI voted between 18–22 December and the result was declared on 23 December. Eoin MacNeill was elected (and also for Londonderry City) standing for Sinn Féin and therefore did not take his seat in Westminster, instead serving as a member of the first Dáil Éireann.

House of Commons of Southern Ireland

The Government of Ireland Act 1920 established a devolved home rule legislature, within the United Kingdom, for twenty-six Irish counties which were designated Southern Ireland. NUI was given four seats in the House of Commons of Southern Ireland. At the 1921 Southern Ireland House of Commons election, all 128 seats were elected unopposed. Of these, 124 were Sinn Féin members, who formed the TDs of the Second Dáil. This included the four representatives of the NUI.

The Parliament was dissolved as part of the arrangements under the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1922.

Dáil Éireann

In the 1918 general election, Sinn Féin contested the election on the basis that they would not take seats in the United Kingdom Parliament but would establish a revolutionary assembly in Dublin.

The University was, in Irish republican theory, entitled to return one Teachta Dála (known in English as a Deputy) in 1918 to serve in the Irish Republic's First Dáil. This revolutionary body assembled on 21 January 1919.

In republican theory every MP elected in Ireland was a member of the First Dáil. In practice only Sinn Féin members participated, including the Deputy for the University.

The First Dáil, passed a motion at its last meeting on 10 May 1921, the first three parts of which make explicit the republican view.

The Second Dáil first met on 16 August 1921, thereby dissolving the First Dáil.

Sinn Féin had decided to use the polls for the House of Commons of Northern Ireland and the House of Commons of Southern Ireland as an election for the Irish Republic's Second Dáil. No actual voting was necessary in Southern Ireland as all the seats were filled by unopposed returns. Except for University of Dublin all constituencies outside Northern Ireland elected Sinn Féin TDs.

The National University of Ireland constituency elected four Sinn Féin members unopposed, who participated in the Dáil.

The Third Dáil elected in 1922 was, in United Kingdom law, initially the constituent assembly for the Irish Free State and then the lower house. From this time the Dáil represented only twenty-six Irish counties and did not claim to represent the six counties of Northern Ireland. Non-Sinn Féin Deputies began to stand for and participate in the Dáil.

From the Electoral Act 1923 the Irish Free State defined its own Dáil constituencies. National University of Ireland was reduced to three seats. This Act abolished plural voting for University constituencies and enfranchised women on the same terms as men. Qualified voters could then decide whether to register for a University or a territorial constituency but not for both.

The qualifications for an elector to be registered as a University voter were set out in Section 1(2)(c) of the 1923 Act. They were to be registered at "the University constituency comprising a university in which he or she has received a degree other than an honorary degree".

The Constitution (Amendment No. 23) Act 1936 repealed provision of the Constitution of the Irish Free State providing for University representation in Dáil Éireann, with effect from the next dissolution of the Oireachtas which took place on 14 June 1937. The seat left vacant by Conor Maguire in 1936 on his appointment to the High Court was not filled.

Seanad Éireann

Article 18.4 of the Constitution of Ireland adopted in 1937, provided that the National University of Ireland would have three seats in the new Seanad Éireann. The Seanad Electoral (University Members) Act 1937 gave effect to this constitutional provision, with graduates of the National University of Ireland entitled to elect Senators by single transferable vote. The first Seanad election took place in 1938, and thereafter elections to the Seanad take place within 90 days of the dissolution of the Dáil. The Seventh Amendment, adopted in 1979, allows for a redistribution of the six university seats among the University of Dublin, the National University of Ireland, and any other institutions of higher education in the State which do not have representation. No legislation followed since to make any such change.

Elections

2016 election

2011 election

2007 election

2002 election

1989 election

1933 election

1932 election

September 1927 election

June 1927 election

1923 by-election

1923 election

1922 election

1921 election

Sinn Féin refused to recognise the Southern Ireland House of Commons and took their seats as TDs in the Second Dáil.

1918 election

The 1918 general election took place on 14 December and the results were declared on 28 December, except for the university constituencies. NUI voted between 18–22 December and the result was declared on 23 December.

In common with other Sinn Féin MPs, Eoin MacNeill abstained from Westminster and took his seat as a TD in the First Dáil. He was also elected for Londonderry City.

See also

References

1. ^http://www.nui.ie/elections/seanad_Election_2016/SE_Election_2016_Final_Result.pdf
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.seanadcount.ie/sc/seanadcount.nsf/0bddb7722ed754f88025730d003dac51/f9c5a2da439d4b2d8025732c0028697f|title=Seanad General Election, April 2011, National University of Ireland Panel|publisher=Houses of the Oireachtas|date=28 April 2011|accessdate=8 February 2012}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.electionsireland.org/result.cfm?election=2007S&cons=189|title=Seanad Election: 2007: National University of Ireland|accessdate=26 September 2007}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://opac.oireachtas.ie/AWData/Library3/Library2/DL038967.pdf |title=Result of the election and transfer of votes National University of Ireland |accessdate=18 October 2018 |date=17 August 1989 |first=Michael |last=Mortell |publisher=National University of Ireland |format=PDF }}
5. ^{{cite web |title=General election 1933: National University of Ireland |url=http://www.electionsireland.org/result.cfm?election=1933&cons=189 |work=ElectionsIreland.org |accessdate=2 December 2010}}
6. ^{{cite web |title=General election 1932: National University of Ireland |url=http://www.electionsireland.org/result.cfm?election=1932&cons=189 |work=ElectionsIreland.org |accessdate=2 December 2010}}
7. ^{{cite web |title=General election September 1927: National University of Ireland |url=http://www.electionsireland.org/result.cfm?election=1927sep&cons=189 |work=ElectionsIreland.org |accessdate=2 December 2010}}
8. ^{{cite web |title=General election June 1927: National University of Ireland |url=http://www.electionsireland.org/result.cfm?election=1927jun&cons=189 |work=ElectionsIreland.org |accessdate=2 December 2010}}
9. ^{{cite web |title=By-election 1923: National University of Ireland |url=http://www.electionsireland.org/result.cfm?election=1923B&cons=189&ref=2 |work=ElectionsIreland.org |accessdate=16 September 2010}}
10. ^{{cite web |title=General election 1923: National University of Ireland |url=http://www.electionsireland.org/result.cfm?election=1923&cons=189 |work=ElectionsIreland.org |accessdate=16 September 2010}}
11. ^{{cite web |title=General election 1922: National University of Ireland |url=http://www.electionsireland.org/result.cfm?election=1922&cons=189 |work=ElectionsIreland.org |accessdate=16 September 2010}}
12. ^{{cite web |title=General election 1921: National University of Ireland |url=http://www.electionsireland.org/result.cfm?election=1921&cons=189 |work=ElectionsIreland.org |accessdate=16 September 2010}}
13. ^{{cite web |title=General election 1918: National University of Ireland |url=http://www.electionsireland.org/result.cfm?election=1918&cons=189 |work=ElectionsIreland.org |accessdate=16 September 2010}}