| 词条 | Dmitri Ivanovsky |
| 释义 |
|name = Dmitri Ivanovsky |image = Ivanovsky.jpg |image_size = 150px |caption = Ivanovsky ca. 1915 |birth_date = {{Birth date|1864|10|28|df=y}} |birth_place = Village of Nizy, Gdov Uyezd, St. Petersburg Governorate, Russian Empire |death_date = {{death date and age|1920|6|20|1864|10|28|df=y}} |death_place = Rostov-on-Don, Soviet Russia |nationality = Russian |field = Virology |alma_mater = University of St Petersburg |doctoral_advisor = Andrei Famintsyn |known_for = Tobacco mosaic virus |work_institution = University of St Petersburg University of Warsaw Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Donskoy University |influences = Adolf Mayer |influenced = Wendell Stanley}}Dmitri Iosifovich Ivanovsky (alternative spelling Dmitrii or Dmitry Iwanowski; {{lang-ru|Дми́трий Ио́сифович Ивано́вский}}; 28 October 1864 – 20 June 1920) was a Russian botanist, the discoverer of viruses (1892) and one of the founders of virology.[1][2][3][4][5] Ivanovsky studied at the University of St Petersburg under Andrei Famintsyn in 1887, when he was sent to Ukraine and Bessarabia to investigate a tobacco disease causing great damage to plantations located there at the time. Three years later, he was assigned to look into a similar disease occurrence of tobacco plants, this time raging in the Crimea region. He discovered that both incidents of disease were caused by an extremely minuscule infectious agent, capable of permeating porcelain Chamberland filters, something which bacteria could never do. He described his findings in an article (1892)[6] and a dissertation (1902).[7] Then he worked in Warsaw and Rostov-on-Don. In 1898, the Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck independently replicated Ivanovsky's experiments and became convinced that the filtered solution contained a new form of infectious agent, which he named virus. Beijerinck subsequently acknowledged Ivanovsky's priority of discovery.[2] Notes1. ^{{cite journal |last=Lechevalier |first=Hubert |year=1972 |title=Dmitri Iosifovich Ivanovski (1864–1920) |journal= Bacteriological Reviews |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=135–45 |publisher= American Society for Microbiology |location = Washington, D.C.| issn = 0005-3678| pmid = 4557165 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC408320/pdf/bactrev00200-0002.pdf| format = | accessdate = October 16, 2011 |pmc=408320}} 2. ^1 {{cite journal |journal=Journal of Virology |date=August 1992 |volume=66 |issue=8 |pages=4629–31 |pmc=241285 |pmid=1629947 |title=One hundred years of virology |author=Lustig, A. |author2=Levine, A. J. }} 3. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Bos| first1 = L. | year = 1995 | title = The Embryonic Beginning of Virology: Unbiased Thinking and Dogmatic Stagnation | journal = Archives of Virology | volume = 140 | pages = 613–619 | issn = 0304-8608 | doi=10.1007/bf01718437}} 4. ^{{cite book| last = Zaitlin| first = Milton|author-link=Milton Zaitlin | editor1-last = Kung| editor1-first = S. D.| editor2-last = Yang| editor2-first = S. F.| title = Discoveries in Plant Biology| year = 1998| publisher = World Publishing Co.| location = Hong Kong| isbn = 978-981-02-1313-8| pages = 105–110| chapter = The Discovery of the Causal Agent of the Tobacco Mosaic Disease| chapterurl = http://www.apsnet.org/publications/apsnetfeatures/Documents/1998/ZaitlinDiscoveryCausalAgentTobaccoMosaicVirus.pdf}} 5. ^{{cite book|last=Sebastion|first=Anton|title=A dictionary of the history of science|publisher=Informa Health Care|location=Google Books Excerpt|year=2001|isbn=9781850704188|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gTXFN-8v95MC&pg=PA267&dq=Dmitry+Iosifovich+Ivanovsky|accessdate=2008-10-24|page=267}} 6. ^{{cite journal | last = Iwanowski | first = D. | title = Über die Mosaikkrankheit der Tabakspflanze | journal = Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg / Nouvelle Serie III | volume = 35 | pages = 67–70 | location = St. Petersburg | year = 1892 | language = German, Russian}} Translated into English in Johnson, J., Ed. (1942) Phytopathological classics (St. Paul, Minnesota: American Phytopathological Society) No. 7, pp. 27–-30. 7. ^{{cite journal | last = Iwanowski | first = D. | title = Über die Mosaikkrankheit der Tabakspflanze | journal = Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz | volume = 13 | pages = 1–41 | year = 1903 | language = German| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iG0oAQAAIAAJ&pg=PR13#v=onepage&q&f=false}} References
|last=Lecoq |first=H |authorlink= |date=October 2001 |title=Découverte du premier virus, le virus de la mosaïque du tabac: 1892 ou 1898? |trans-title=Discovery of the first virus, the tobacco mosaic virus: 1892 or 1898? |journal=Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences |series=Series III - Sciences de la Vie |volume=324 |issue=10 |pages=929–33 |publisher= |language= fr | pmid = 11570281 | bibcode =2001CRASG.324..929L | oclc =| id = | url = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = | doi = 10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01368-3 }} External links
5 : 1864 births|1920 deaths|Imperial Russian biologists|Saint Petersburg State University alumni|Russian virologists |
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