请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Abu Sayyaf
释义

  1. Background and history

     Abdurajik Abubakar Janjalani leadership (1989–1998)  Khadaffy Janjalani leadership (1999–2007)  2010–present 

  2. Supporters and funding

     Funding 

  3. Motivation, beliefs, targets

     Targets 

  4. Crimes and terrorism

     Kidnappings  In the Philippines  Journalists abducted since 2000  Jeffrey Schilling  Martin and Gracia Burnham  2007 Father Bossi kidnapping  2009 Red Cross kidnapping  2009 Irish priest kidnapping  2010 Japanese treasure hunter  2011 Malaysian gecko trader  2011 Indian national kidnapping   Warren Rodwell   2012 European bird watchers  2012 Mayor Jeffrey Lim Kidnapping  2014 Kabasalan ZSP kidnapping  2015 Roseller Lim ZSP kidnapping  2015 Samal Island kidnappings  2015 Dipolog City kidnapping  In Malaysia  2000 Sipadan kidnappings  2013 Pom Pom kidnappings  2014 Singamata, Baik Island & Kampung Air Sapang kidnappings  2015 Ocean King Restaurant kidnappings  Philippines and Malaysia waters  2014 German sailors kidnapping  2016 Local and foreign sailors kidnappings  Beheadings  Bombings  2004 Superferry 14 Bombing  2016 Davao City bombing  2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings 

  5. Criticism of attacks against civilians

  6. Military operations

  7. See also

  8. References

  9. External links

{{about|the Filipino Islamist group|individuals known as Abu Sayyaf and other uses|Abu Sayyaf (disambiguation)}}{{pp|small=yes}}{{EngvarB|date=April 2016}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2016}}{{Infobox War Faction
|name = Abu Sayyaf
|image = AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg
|war = the Moro conflict, the Cross border attacks in Sabah and
the Global War on Terrorism
|caption = The Black Standard of ISIL, which was adopted by Abu Sayyaf
|active = 1991[1]–present
|ideology = Islamism
Islamic fundamentalism
|leaders=Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani{{KIA}}[2]
Khadaffy Janjalani{{KIA}}[3]
Radullan Sahiron[4][5]
Isnilon Totoni Hapilon{{KIA}}[6][7][7]
Mahmur Japuri{{KIA}}[8]
|headquarters = Jolo, Sulu, Philippines[9]
|area = Philippines, Malaysia
|partof = {{flag|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}}
|strength = ≤150 members (August 2018)[10]
|allies =
  • {{flagicon image|AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg}} Maute group
  • 14K Triad[11]
  • {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} al-Qaeda (formerly)

|opponents = {{flagicon|Philippines}} Government of the Philippines[12] {{collapsible list | bullets = yes | title = Other combatants: | {{flagicon|Australia}} Government of Australia[13] | {{flagicon|Brunei}} Government of Brunei | {{flagicon|Canada}} Government of Canada[14] | {{flagicon|East Timor}} Government of East Timor | {{flagicon|Fiji}} Government of Fiji | {{flagicon|Indonesia}} Government of Indonesia[15] | {{flagicon|Japan}} Government of Japan[16] | {{flagicon|Kiribati}} Government of Kiribati | {{flagicon|Malaysia}} Government of Malaysia[17] | {{flagicon|Marshall Islands}} Government of the Marshall Islands | {{flagicon|Federated States of Micronesia}} Government of the Federated States of Micronesia | {{flagicon|Nauru}} Government of Nauru | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} Government of New Zealand | {{flagicon|Palau}} Government of Palau | {{flagicon|Papua New Guinea}} Government of Papua New Guinea | {{flagicon|Samoa}} Government of Samoa | {{flagicon|Solomon Islands}} Government of the Solomon Islands | {{flagicon|Tonga}} Government of Tonga | {{flagicon|Tuvalu}} Government of Tuvalu | {{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} Government of the United Arab Emirates | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Government of the United Kingdom[18] | {{flagicon|United States}} Government of the United States[19] | {{flagicon|Vanuatu}} Government of Vanuatu | {{flagicon|Vietnam}} Government of Vietnam[20][21] | {{flagicon image|MNLF flag.svg}} Moro National Liberation Front[22] | {{flagicon image|Flag of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front.svg}} Moro Islamic Liberation Front[23] | {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} Jemaah Islamiyah }}
}}

Abu Sayyaf ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Abu Sayyaf from Philippines pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg|ˈ|ɑː|b|uː|_|s|ɑː|ˈ|j|ɑː|f}}; {{lang-ar|جماعة أبو سياف}}; {{transl|sem|Jamāʿat Abū Sayyāf}}, ASG; {{lang-fil|Grupong Abu Sayyaf}}),[24] unofficially known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Philippines Province, is a Jihadist militant and pirate group that follows the Wahhabi doctrine of Sunni Islam. It is based in and around Jolo and Basilan islands in the southwestern part of the Philippines, where for more than four decades, Moro groups have been engaged in an insurgency seeking to make the province independent. The group is considered violent [25] and was responsible for the Philippines' worst terrorist attack, the bombing of Superferry 14 in 2004, which killed 116 people.[27] The name of the group is derived from the Arabic abu ({{lang-ar|أبو}}) ("father of"), and sayyaf ({{lang-ar|سيّاف}}) ("swordsmith").[26] As of 2012, the group was estimated to have between 200 and 400 members,[29] down from 1,250 in 2000.[27] They use mostly improvised explosive devices, mortars and automatic rifles.

Since its inception in 1991, the group has carried out bombings, kidnappings, assassinations and extortion.[28] They have been involved in criminal activities, including kidnapping, rape, child sexual assault, forced marriage,[29] drive-by shootings, extortion and drug trafficking.[30] The goals of the group "appear to have alternated over time between criminal objectives and a more ideological intent".[31]

The group has been designated as a terrorist group by Australia,[13] Canada,[14] Indonesia,[15] Japan,[16] Malaysia,[17] the Philippines,[12] United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom[18] and the United States.[19][32] From 15 January 2002 – 24 February 2015,[33] fighting Abu Sayyaf became a mission of the American military's Operation Enduring Freedom and part of the Global War on Terrorism.[34][35] Several hundred United States soldiers were stationed in the area to mainly train local forces in counter-terror and counter-guerrilla operations, but, following a status of forces agreement and under Philippine law, they were not allowed to engage in direct combat.[35]

The group was founded by Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani, and led after his death in 1998 by his younger brother Khadaffy Janjalani until his death in 2006. On 23 July 2014, Abu Sayyaf leader Isnilon Hapilon swore an oath of loyalty to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the leader of ISIL.[36] In September 2014, the group began kidnapping people for ransom, in the name of ISIL.[37][38]

{{toclimit|3}}

Background and history

In the early 1970s, the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) was the main Muslim rebel group fighting in Basilan and Mindanao.[32] Abdurajik Abubakar Janjalani, the older brother of Khadaffy Janjalani, had been a teacher from Basilan, who studied Islamic theology and Arabic in Libya, Syria and Saudi Arabia during the 1980s.[39][40] Abdurajik went to Afghanistan to fight against the Soviet Union and the Afghan government during the Soviet–Afghan War. During that period, he is alleged to have met Osama Bin Laden and been given $6 million to establish a more Islamic group drawn from the MNLF.[41] The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) was established in 1989 in part in response. Both Abdurajik Abubakar and Khadaffy were natives of Isabela City, one of the poorest cities of the Philippines. Located on the northwestern part of Basilan, Isabela is the capital of the province. Isabela City is administered under the Zamboanga Peninsula political region north of Basilan, while the rest of the island province of Basilan is since 1996 governed as part of ARMM to the east.

Abdurajik Abubakar Janjalani leadership (1989–1998)

In the early 1990s, MNLF moderated into an established political government, the ARMM. It was established in 1989, fully institutionalized by 1996, and became the ruling government in southern Mindanao. When Abdurajik returned to Basilan island in 1990, he gathered radical members of the old MNLF who wanted to resume armed struggle and in 1991 established the Abu Sayyaf.[32] Janjalani was fundedby a Saudi Islamist, Mohammed Jamal Khalifa, who came to the Philippines in 1987 or 1988 and was head of the Philippine branch of the International Islamic Relief Organization foundation. A defector from Abu Sayyaf told Filipino authorities, "The IIRO was behind the construction of Mosques, school buildings, and other livelihood projects" but only "in areas penetrated, highly influenced and controlled by the Abu Sayyaf". According to the defector, "Only 10 to 30% of the foreign funding goes to the legitimate relief and livelihood projects and the rest go to terrorist operations".[42][43][44][45] Khalifa married a local woman, Alice "Jameelah" Yabo.[46]

By 1995, Abu Sayyaf was active in large-scale bombings and attacks. The first attack was the assault on the town of Ipil in Mindanao in April 1995. This year marked the escape of 20-year-old Khadaffy Janjalani from Camp Crame in Manila along with another member named Jovenal Bruno. On 18 December 1998, Abdurajik was killed in a gun battle with the Philippine National Police on Basilan Island.[61] He is thought to have been about 39.[40]

The death of Aburajik marked a turning point in Abu Sayyaf operations. The group shifted to kidnappings, murders and robberies, under younger brother Khadaffy. Basilan, Jolo and Sulu experienced some of the fiercest fights between government troops and Abu Sayyaf through the early 1990s. Abu Sayyaf primarily operates in the southern Philippines with members traveling to Manila and other provinces. It was reported that Abu Sayyaf began expanding into neighboring Malaysia and Indonesia by the early 1990s. Abu Sayyaf is one of the smallest, but strongest of the Philippine Islamist separatist groups. Some Abu Sayyaf members studied or worked in Saudi Arabia and developed ties to mujahadeen, while fighting and training in the war against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.[39] Abu Sayyaf proclaimed themselves to be mujahideen and freedom fighters.

Khadaffy Janjalani leadership (1999–2007)

Until his death in a gun battle on 4 September 2006, Khaddafy Janjalani was considered the nominal leader of the group by the Armed Forces of the Philippines. Then 23-year-old Khadaffy took leadership of one of the Abu Sayyaf's factions in an internecine struggle.[61][47] He then worked to consolidate his leadership, causing the group to appear inactive for a period. After his leadership was secured, Abu Sayyaf began a new strategy, taking hostages. The group's motive for kidnapping became more financial than religious during this period, according to locals. The hostage money probably provides the group's financing.[41]

The group expanded its operations to Malaysia in 2000, when it abducted foreigners from two resorts. This action was condemned by most Islamic leaders. It was responsible for the kidnapping and murder of more than 30 foreigners and Christian clerics and workers, including Martin and Gracia Burnham.[49][50] A commander named Abu Sabaya was killed in 2002, while trying to evade local forces.[51] Galib Andang, one of the group's leaders, was captured in Sulu in December 2003.[61][49][52][53] An explosion at a military base in Jolo, on 18 February 2006 was blamed on the group by Brig. General Alexander Aleo.[54] Khadaffy was indicted in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia for his alleged involvement in terrorist attacks, including hostage-taking and murder, against United States nationals and other foreign nationals.[55] Consequently, on 24 February 2006, Khadaffy was among six fugitives in the second and most recent group of indicted fugitives to be added to the FBI Most Wanted Terrorists list along with two fellow members, Isnilon Totoni Hapilon and Jainal Antel Sali Jr.[56][57]

On 13 December 2006, it was reported that Abu Sayyaf members may have been planning attacks during the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) summit in the Philippines. The group was reported to have trained alongside Jemaah Islamiyah militants. The plot was reported to have involved detonating a car bomb in Cebu City where the summit was to take place.[59] On 27 December, the Philippine military reported that Khaddafi's remains had been recovered near Patikul, in Jolo and that DNA tests had been ordered to confirm the discovery. He was allegedly shot in the neck in an encounter with government troops in September on Luba Hills, Patikul town in Sulu.

2010–present

In a video published in the summer of 2014, senior Abu Sayyaf leader Isnilon Hapilon and other masked men swore their allegiance or "bay'ah" to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the "Islamic State" (ISIL) caliph. "We pledge to obey him on anything which our hearts desire or not and to value him more than anyone else. We will not take any emir (leader) other than him unless we see in him any obvious act of disbelief that could be questioned by Allah in the hereafter."[60] For many years prior to this, Islamic State's competitor, al-Qaeda, had the support of Abu Sayyaf "through various connections".[60] Observers were skeptical about whether the pledge would lead to Abu Sayyaf becoming an ISIS outpost in Southeast Asia, or was simply a way for the group to take advantage of the newer group's international publicity.[60]

Supporters and funding

Abdurajik Abubakar Janjalani's first recruits were soldiers of MNLF and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). However, both MNLF and MILF deny links with Abu Sayyaf. Both officially distance themselves because of its attacks on civilians and its supposed profiteering. The Philippine military, however, has claimed that elements of both groups provide support to Abu Sayyaf. The group was originally not thought to receive funding from outside sources, but intelligence reports from the United States, Indonesia and Australia found intermittent ties to the Indonesian Jemaah Islamiyah terrorist group,[61] and the Philippine government considers the Abu Sayyaf to be part of Jemaah Islamiyah.[61] The government noted that initial funding for ASG came from al-Qaeda through the brother-in-law of Osama bin Laden, Mohammed Jamal Khalifa.[62][63][64][65][66]

Al-Qaeda-affiliated terrorist Ramzi Yousef operated in the Philippines in the mid-1990s and trained Abu Sayyaf soldiers.[67] The 2002 edition of the United State Department's Patterns of Global Terrorism mention links to Al-Qaeda. Continuing ties to Islamist groups in the Middle East indicate that al-Qaeda may be continuing support.[40][68][69] As of mid-2005, Jemaah Islamiyah personnel reportedly had trained about 60 Abu Sayyaf cadres in bomb assembling and detonations.[70][71][72]

Funding

The group obtains most of its financing through kidnap ransom and extortion.[38][73] One report estimated its revenues from ransom payments in 2000 were between $10 and $25 million. According to the State Department, it may receive funding from radical Islamic benefactors in the Middle East and South Asia. It was reported that Libya facilitated ransom payments to Abu Sayyaf. It was also suggested that Libyan money could possibly be channelled to Abu Sayyaf.[74] Russian intelligence agencies connected with Victor Bout's planes reportedly provided Abu Sayyaf with arms.[75][76] In 2014 and since, kidnapping for ransom has been the primary means of funding.[103]

The chart below collects events that Abu Sayyaf received ransoms or payments that are euphemistically called "board and lodgings".[77] The more detailed information can be seen in the Timeline of Abu Sayyaf attacks.

EventHostage(s) releasedRansom demanded ($US)Amount paid ($US)
2011 Kidnapping of an AustralianWarren Rodwell (2013)$2 million[78]$100,000[79][80]
2014 Kidnapping of two Germansboth (2014)$5.6 million[81] for Dr. Stefan Viktor Okonek and Henrike Dielen [82]the same as demanded
2015 Samal Island kidnappingsKjartan Sekkingstad (2016)$16 million for Canadians Robert Hall and John Ridsdel (both beheaded), and Kjartan Sekkingstad (Norway)$638,000[83]
2015 Kidnapping of an ItalianRolando del Torchio (2016)$US650,000 (P29 million) [84]the same as demanded
2016 Kidnapping of Indonesian sailorsall (2016)$1 million for ten Indonesian crew on the tugboat Brahma 12 and barge Anand 12 [85]the same as demanded
2016 Kidnapping of Malaysian sailorsall (2016)$3 million for Wong Teck Kang, Teck Chii, Lau Jung Hien and Wong Hung Sing [86]the same as demanded

Motivation, beliefs, targets

Filipino Islamist guerillas such as Abu Sayyaf have been described as "rooted in a distinct class made up of closely knit networks built through marriage of important families through socioeconomic backgrounds and family structures", according to Michael Buehler. This tight-knit, familial structure provides resilience, but also limits their growth.[60] Commander of the Western Mindanao Command Lieutenant General Rustico Guerrero, describes Abu Sayyaf as "a local group with a local agenda".[60] Two kidnapping victims, (Martin and Gracia Burnham) who were kept in captivity by ASG for over a year, "gently engaged their captors in theological discussion" and found Abu Sayyaf fighters to be unfamiliar with the Qur'an. They had only "a sketchy" notion of Islam, which they saw as "a set of behavioural rules, to be violated when it suited them", according to author Mark Bowden. As "holy warriors, they were justified in kidnapping, killing and stealing. Having sex with women captives was justified by their claiming them as "wives".[87]

Unlike MILF and MNLF, the group is not recognised by the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and according to author Robert East, was seen as "nothing more than a criminal operation" at least prior to 2001.[88] A Center for Strategic and International Studies report by Jack Fellman notes the political rather than religious motivation of ASG. He quotes Khadaffy's statement that his brother was right to split from MNLF because "up to now, nothing came out" of attempts to gain more autonomy for Moro Muslims. This suggests, Fellman believes, that ASG "is merely the latest, albeit most violent, iteration of Moro political dissatisfaction that has existed for the last several decades".[89]

Some Abu Sayyaf members are also "shabu" (methamphetamine) users as described by surviving hostages who saw Abu Sayyaf members taking shabu as well from military findings who found drug packets in many of the abandoned Abu Sayyaf nests that justified their motivation as extreme criminals and terrorists as their state of mind were under the influence of drugs rather than being consciously fighting for the betterment of their region as well rights to living under their minority religion without any discrimination from the majority Filipinos.[90][91] Its spokesman known as Abu Rami ({{abbr|d.|died}} 2017)[92] appeared to lack knowledge of the activities of other members, as the group had apparently separated into many small groups with their own leaders.[93]

Targets

Most Abu Sayyaf victims have been Filipinos; however, in recent years (especially from 2011 onwards), Australian, British, Canadian, Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Indonesian, Japanese, Korean, Malaysian, Norwegian, Swiss and Vietnamese nationals have been kidnapped or attacked.[20][21]

Previously, Americans were particularly targeted. An unnamed ASG spokesman allegedly stated, "We have been trying hard to get an American because they may think we are afraid of them". He added, "We want to fight the American people."[94]

In 1993, Abu Sayyaf kidnapped an American Bible translator. In 2000, Abu Sayyaf captured an American Muslim and demanded that the United States release Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman and Ramzi Yousef, who were jailed for their involvement in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing in New York City.

Between March 2016 - July 2017, the majority of Abu Sayyaf kidnap for ransom operations shifted to the high seas. Seventeen ships were boarded and some sixty-five hostages from six countries were taken. In total, thirty hostages have been released (usually after a ransom was paid), seven escaped, three were rescued by Philippine security forces, and four were executed. Two others were killed during the attacks while eight seamen escaped during the shipjackings. An additional forty seamen were not taken hostage.[95]

Crimes and terrorism

{{Main|Timeline of Abu Sayyaf attacks}}

Abu Sayyaf has carried out numerous bombings, kidnappings, assassinations, and extortion activities.[28] These include the 2000 Sipadan kidnappings, the 2001 Dos Palmas kidnappings and the 2004 SuperFerry 14 bombing.

Kidnappings

Although the group has engaged in kidnapping hostages to be exchanged for ransom for many years, this means of funding grew dramatically beginning in 2014, providing funds for the group's rapid growth.[96]

In the Philippines

Journalists abducted since 2000

ABS-CBN's Newsbreak reported that Abu Sayyaf abducted at least 20 journalists from 2000 - 2008 (mostly foreign journalists). All of them were eventually released upon payment of ransom.

  • GMA-7 television reporter Susan Enriquez (April 2000, Basilan, a few days);
  • 10 Foreign journalists (7 German, 1 French, 1 Australian and 1 Danish, in May 2000, Jolo, for 10 hours);
  • German Andreas Lorenz of the magazine Der Spiegel (July 2000, Jolo, for 25 days; he was also kidnapped in May);
  • French television reporter Maryse Burgot and cameraman Jean-Jacques Le Garrec and sound technician Roland Madura (July 2000, Jolo, for 2 months);
  • ABS-CBN television reporter Maan Macapagal and cameraman Val Cuenca (July 2000, Jolo, for 4 days);
  • Philippine Daily Inquirer contributor and Net 25 television reporter Arlyn de la Cruz (January 2002, Zamboanga, for 3 months)
  • GMA-7 television reporter Carlo Lorenzo and cameraman Gilbert Ordiales (September 2002, Jolo, for 6 days).[97]
  • Filipino Ces Drilon and news cameramen Jimmy Encarnacion and Angelo Valderrama released unharmed after ransom paid (June 2008 Maimbung, Sulu for 9 days).[98]
  • Jordanian TV journalist Baker Atyani and his two Filipino crews were kidnapped in June 2012 by the Abu Sayyaf militants they had sought to interview in the jungles of Sulu province. The two crew were freed in February 2013. Al Arabiya News Channel stated that their correspondent, Atyani, was handed over to the local governor's office on 4 December 2013.[99] However, police and military officials could not ascertain whether Atyani had escaped from his captors or was freed.[100]
Jeffrey Schilling

On 31 August 2000, American citizen and Muslim convert Jeffrey Schilling from Oakland, California was captured on Jolo while visiting a terrorist camp with his new wife, Ivy Osani (a cousin of Abu Sabaya, one of the rebel leaders), whom he had met online. ASG demanded a $10 million ransom. Rebels also sarcastically threatened to behead him in 2001 as a "birthday present" to then Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, who responded by declaring "all-out war" on them. The beheading threat was withdrawn after Schilling's mother, Carol, flew to the Philippines and appealed for mercy on local radio. On 12 April 2001, Philippine soldiers raided a rebel camp and rescued the American. The United States praised the Philippine government for freeing Schilling.[101][102][103]

Many commentators have been critical of Schilling, who claims to have walked willingly into the camp after he was invited by his wife's cousin, a member of Abu Sayyaf.[104]

Schilling was one of more than forty hostages taken by Abu Sayyaf in 2000, including twenty-one tourists and workers seized in a raid on Sipadan diving resort in neighbouring Malaysia. Many of the hostages were released after Libya paid millions of dollars. A Libyan official stated that Schilling had visited the Jolo camp often before his capture. Philippine intelligence sources say he was interested in selling military equipment to the rebels, while the bandits accused him of being a CIA agent. Abu Sayyaf threatened several times to kill Schilling. At one stage, Schilling reportedly went on a hunger strike to win his freedom.[101]

Martin and Gracia Burnham
{{See also|Dos Palmas kidnappings}}

On 27 May 2001, an Abu Sayyaf raid kidnapped about 20 people from Dos Palmas, an expensive resort in Honda Bay, taking them to the north of Puerto Princesa City on the island of Palawan, which had been "considered completely safe". The most "valuable" hostages were three North Americans, Martin and Gracia Burnham, a missionary couple, and Guillermo Sobero, a Peruvian-American tourist who was later beheaded, following a $1 million ransom demand.[105] The hostages and hostage-takers then returned to Abu Sayyaf territories in Mindanao.[106] According to Bowden, the leader of the raid was Abu Sabaya. According to Gracia Burnham, she told her husband "to identify his kidnappers" to authorities "as 'the Osama bin Laden Group,' but Burnham was unfamiliar with that name and stuck with" Abu Sayyaf. After returning to Mindanao, Abu Sayyaf conducted numerous raids, including one that culminated in the Siege of Lamitan and "one at a coconut plantation called Golden Harvest; they took about 15 people captive there and later used bolo knives to hack the heads off two men. The number of hostages waxed and waned as some were ransomed and released, new ones were taken and others were killed."[106]

On 7 June 2002, about a year after the raid, Philippine army troops conducted a rescue operation in which Martin Burnham and Filipino nurse Ediborah Yap were killed. The remaining hostage was wounded and the hostage takers escaped. In July 2004, Gracia Burnham testified at a trial of eight Abu Sayyaf members and identified six of the suspects as her captors, including Alhamzer Limbong, Abdul Azan Diamla, Abu Khari Moctar, Bas Ishmael, Alzen Jandul, and Dazid Baize. "The eight suspects sat silently during her three-hour testimony, separated from her by a wooden grill. They face the death sentence if found guilty of kidnapping for ransom. The trial began this year and is not expected to end for several months."[107] Alhamzer Limbong was later killed in a prison uprising.[108] Burnham claimed that Philippine military officials were colluding with her captors, saying that the Armed Forces of the Philippines "didn't pursue us...As time went on, we noticed that they never pursued us".[109]

2007 Father Bossi kidnapping

On 10 June 2007, Italian priest Reverend Giancarlo Bossi was kidnapped near Pagadian, capital of Zamboanga del Sur Province in the southern Philippines. Pope Benedict XVI made an appeal to free him. Bossi was released on 19 July 2007 at Karumatan, a Muslim town in Lanao del Norte Province, allegedly after the payment of ransom. Father Bossi died in Italy on 23 September 2012.[110][111]

2009 Red Cross kidnapping

On 15 January 2009, Abu Sayyaf kidnapped International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) delegates in Patikul, Sulu province, Philippines. Three ICRC workers had finished conducting field work in Sulu province, located in the southwest of the country, when they were abducted by an unknown group, later confirmed as Albader Parad's group.[112] All three were eventually released. According to a CNN story, Parad was reportedly killed, along with five other militants, in an assault by Philippine marines in Sulu province on Sunday, 21 February 2010.

2009 Irish priest kidnapping

On 11 October 2009, Irish Catholic missionary Michael Sinnott, aged 79, from Barntown County Wexford was kidnapped from a gated compound in Pagadian, the capital of Zamboanga del Sur province, suspected to be part of ASG and some renegade members of MILF. Six kidnappers forced the priest into a mini-van and drove towards Sta. Lucia (district), where they transferred to a boat. Sinnott had a heart condition and was without medication when abducted. In early November, a demand for $US2 million ransom was made. On 11 November 2009, Father Sinnott was released in Zamboanga City. The Department of Foreign Affairs (Ireland) claimed that no ransom was paid by the Irish Government.[113][114][115][116]

2010 Japanese treasure hunter

On 16 July 2010, Japanese national Toshio Ito was kidnapped from Pangutaran, Sulu. At one point, the Philippine police believed the "treasure hunter," a Muslim convert also known by his Muslim name Mamaito Katayama, was acting as a cook for Abu Sayyaf; however, this was disputed by other nations, including the United States, which included him on its list of kidnap victims. A classified document obtained by Rappler lists Ito first, saying he was held captive by Abu Sayyaf's most senior leader, Radullan Sahiron, in Langpas, Indanan, Sulu early in 2013.[117][118]

2011 Malaysian gecko trader

On 8 May 2011, Malaysian gecko trader Mohammad Nasauddin Bin Saidin was kidnapped while hunting for gecko (tuko) in Indanan, Sulu. Saidin was freed on 12 May 2012.[119]

2011 Indian national kidnapping

On 22 June 2011, Indian national Biju Kolara Veetil was captured by four armed men while visiting his wife's relatives on the island of Jolo. A $10 million ransom was demanded. Veetil later denied that he was released in August 2012 because he had converted to Islam during captivity.[120][121]

Warren Rodwell

Warren Richard Rodwell, a former Australian Army soldier[122] and university English teacher,[123] was shot through the right hand when seized[124] from his home at Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay on the island of Mindanao in the southern Philippines on 5 December 2011[125] by ASG militants.[126] Rodwell later had to have a finger amputated.[127]

ASG threatened to behead Rodwell[128] if their $US2 million ransom demand was not met.[129] Both the Australian and Philippine governments had strict policies against paying ransoms.[130] Australia formed a multi-agency task force to liaise with Rodwell's family and assist Philippine authorities.[131] A news blackout was imposed.[132] Filipino politicians helped negotiate the release.[133] After the payment of $AUD94,000[134] for "board and lodging" expenses[135] by his siblings, Rodwell was released on 23 March 2013.[136]

By the end of his 15 months as a hostage in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Rodwell had lost about 30 kilograms in weight.[137] Rodwell's biography, 472 Days Captive of the Abu Sayyaf - The Survival of Australian Warren Rodwell by Bob East, describes ASG operational methods and practices, as well as the physical, mental, and psychological aspects of Rodwell's survival techniques.

Crowdsourcing for ransom, and social media (such as, Facebook and YouTube) were used by Abu Sayyaf during negotiations. In her 2013 book From Bin Laden To Facebook: 10 Days Of Abduction, 10 Years Of Terrorism, Maria Ressa states "Social media is changing what was once a closed dialogue between kidnappers, their victims and governments."

On 16 June 2014, suspects Jimmy Nurilla (alias Doc) and Bakrin Haris were arrested. Both reportedly worked under Basilan-based Abu Sayyaf leader Khair Mundos and Furuji Indama.[138] Authorities believed Nurilla and Haris took part in the Rodwell kidnapping, as well as the separate abduction of US citizen Gerfa Yeatts Lunsman and her son Kevin in 2012.

In January 2015, Mindanao Examiner newspaper reported the arrest of Barahama Ali[139] kidnap gang sub-leaders linked to the kidnapping of Rodwell, who was seized by at least 5 gunmen (disguised as policemen), and eventually handed over or sold by the kidnappers to the Abu Sayyaf in Basilan province.[140]

In May 2015, ex-Philippine National Police (PNP) officer Jun A. Malban, alias Michael Zoo,[141] was arrested in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, for the crime of "Kidnapping for Ransom" after Rodwell identified him as the negotiator/spokesperson. Further PNP investigation revealed that Malban is the cousin of Abu Sayyaf leaders Khair and Borhan Mundos (both of whom were arrested in 2014).[142] The director of the Anti-Kidnapping Group (AKG) stated that Malban's arrest resulted from close co-ordination by the PNP, National Bureau of Investigation (Philippines) and Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission with the Malaysian counterparts and through Interpol.[143] In January 2018, Rodwell attended a court hearing for Malban and others in Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay, pursuant to a Supreme Court petition to transfer his case for security reasons to a court in either Manila or Zamboanga City.[144]

In August 2015, Edeliza Sumbahon Ulep,[145] alias Gina Perez, was arrested at Trento, Agusan del Sur during a joint manhunt operation by police and military units. Ulep was tagged as the ransom courier in the kidnapping.[146]

In August 2016, The Manila Times reported the arrest of the kidnap-for-ransom group of Barahama Alih sub-leader, Hasim Calon alias Husien (also a notorious drug dealer), in his hideout in Tenan village in Ipil town. Hasim Calon was involved in Rodwell's abduction. Earlier in 2016, police forces killed Waning Abdulsalam, a former MILF leader, in the village of Singkilon. Abdulsalam was one of the most wanted criminals in the southern Philippines, and connected to ASG. He was linked to the kidnappings of Rodwell in 2011, Irish missionary Michael Sinnott in 2009 in Pagadian City, and Italian Catholic priest Giancarlo Bossi in Zamboanga del Sur's Payao town in 2007.[147]

In February 2018, Abu Sayyaf sub-commander Nurhassan Jamiri was reported by Malaysia regional intelligence sources as one of three gunmen killed in a gunfight with police in Sabah. Jamiri was atop the Philippines' most wanted list and implicated in dozens of ransom kidnappings including Rodwell.[148][149] In March 2018, Jamiri turned up alive when he and thirteen followers surrendered to authorities in Basilan. Over the preceding two years, many Abu Sayyaf bandits had surrendered to authorities in Basilan, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi. More were expected to yield because of the regional government's Program Against Violence and Extremism (PAVE), designed to provide opportunities and interventions, including psychosocial sessions, medical check-ups, introduction to farming systems, and expository tours outside the island provinces to facilitate the reintegration of former combatants into society.[150] In April 2018, Rodwell lauded the surrenders and reintegration program, but said he would not interfere with the legal processing of any charges already filed against anyone involved with his own kidnapping.[151]

2012 European bird watchers

On 1 February 2012, two European bird watchers were seized on Tawi Tawi island. Swiss Lorenzo Vinciguerra escaped in December 2014 as government troops attacked the jungle camp where he was captive on the island of Jolo. Vinciguerra was shot by rebels as he escaped; however, his injuries were non-life-threatening.[152] Dutch captive Ewold Horn was reportedly 'very sick and very weak' and unable to escape.[153] The whereabouts of Horn remain unknown.[154]

2012 Mayor Jeffrey Lim Kidnapping

On 2 April 2012, Mayor Jeffrey Lim of Salug, Zamboanga del Norte was kidnapped by ten armed men disguised as policemen. Lim was reportedly handed over to Abu Sayyaf. On 6 November, he was freed near Zamboanga City after payment of P1.3M ($US25,000) ransom. On 9 August 2013, a Mindanao Pagadian Frontline report named a "Sehar Muloc" aka "Red Eye" as a suspect in the 2012 kidnapping of Mayor Jeffrey Lim.[155][156] Abner Gumandol, alias Sehar Muloc and Red Eye, was said to be the leader of a criminal syndicate called the Muloc Group. Gumandol was arrested on 12 June 2016.[157]

2014 Kabasalan ZSP kidnapping

On 11 September 2014, Chinese national Li Pei Zhei was abducted by four gunmen in Kabasalan, Zamboanga Sibugay and taken to Basilan. He was released in Sitio Lugay-Lugay, Barangay Naga-Naga, Alicia, Zamboanga Sibugay on 5 November 2014.[158] Police subsequently charged Ibni Basaludin, Yug Enriquez, Brahama Ali, and Ging-Ging Calon, all residents of Barangay Tenan, Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay with kidnapping with serious illegal detention.[159]

2015 Roseller Lim ZSP kidnapping

On 24 January 2015, Korean national Nwi Seong Hong was abducted by armed men in Roseller Lim, Zamboanga Sibugay Province. The victim's son, Abby, escaped after he fought off the kidnappers.[160] According to intelligence information from the JTG-SULU, the captors of were Algabsy Misaya, Idang Susukan, Alden Bagade and Mohammad Salud alias Ama Maas, Indanan-based members led by sub-leaders Isang Susukan and Anga Adji.[161][162] On 31 October 2015, the body of 74 year old Nwi Seong Hong was found in Barangay Bangkal, Patikul, Sulu. Investigators said the victim died due to severe illness.[161]

2015 Samal Island kidnappings

On 21 September 2015, Canadians Robert Hall and John Ridsdel, as well as Norwegian Kjartan Sekkingstad, and (Hall's girlfriend) Marites Flor; a Filipino woman, were abducted on Samai island near Davao.[163] Ridsdel was beheaded by Abu Sayyaf on 25 April 2016 following a ransom deadline.[164][165] ASG reportedly demanded more than $8.1 million for Ridsdel and the others.[166]

On 3 May 2016, a video of the Ridsdel execution was released, along with new demands for the remaining hostages.[167][168] A masked captor said, "Note to the Philippine government and to the Canadian government: The lesson is clear. John Ridsdel has been beheaded. Now there are three remaining captives here. If you procrastinate once again the negotiations, we will behead this all anytime".[169]

On 15 May, Hall appeared in a new video, announcing that he and Norwegian Kjartan Sekkingstad would be decapitated at 3pm on Monday 13 June absent a ransom of $16 million. Both hostages wore orange coveralls, similar to hostages in videos produced by ISIL, to which Abu Sayyaf had previously pledged allegiance.[170] The deadline passed. Hall was beheaded.[171]

On 24 June, Abu Sayyaf released Filipina Marites Flor. She was subsequently flown to Davao to meet President-elect Rodrigo Duterte. Duterte said he directed negotiations with the Abu Sayyaf. He did not elaborate.[172]

On 17 September 2016, remaining hostage Norwegian Kjartan Sekkingstad was released on Jolo island. Abu Rami, an ASG spokesman, claimed $638,000 was paid as ransom.[173]

2015 Dipolog City kidnapping

On 7 October 2015, Italian national and pizza restaurant owner Rolando del Torchio was kidnapped in Dipolog City, capital of Zamboanga del Norte Province. On 8 April 2016, Del Torchio was released and found at Jolo port aboard MV KC Beatrice bound for Zamboanga City after his family paid P29 million ($US650,000) in ransom.[84][174]

In Malaysia

{{See also|Cross border attacks in Sabah}}
2000 Sipadan kidnappings
{{Main|2000 Sipadan kidnappings}}

On 3 May 2000, Abu Sayyaf guerillas occupied the Malaysian dive resort island Sipadan and took 21 hostages, including 10 tourists and 11 resort workers – 19 foreign nationals in total. The hostages were taken to an Abu Sayyaf base in Jolo.[175] Two Muslim Malaysians were released soon after. Abu Sayyaf made various demands for the release of several prisoners, including 1993 World Trade Center bomber Ramzi Yousef and $2.4 million. In July, a Filipino television evangelist and 12 of members of the Jesus Miracle Crusade Church offered their help and went as mediators for the relief of other hostages.[176] They, three French television crew members and a German journalist, all visiting Abu Sayyaf on Jolo, were also taken hostage.[177] Most hostages were released in August and September 2000, partly due to mediation by Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and an offer of $25 million in "development aid".[178]

Abu Sayyaf conducted a second raid on the island of Pandanan near Sipadan on 10 September and seized three more Malaysians.[179] The Philippine army launched a major offensive on 16 September 2000, rescuing all remaining hostages, except Filipino dive instructor Roland Ullah. He was freed in 2003.[175] Abu Sayyaf coordinated with the Chinese 14K Triad gang in carrying out the kidnappings.[180] The 14K Triad has militarily supported Abu Sayyaf.[11]

2013 Pom Pom kidnappings

On 15 November 2013, Abu Sayyaf militants raided a resort on the Malaysian island of Pom Pom.[181][182] During the ambush, Taiwanese citizen Chang An-wei was kidnapped and her husband, Hsu Li-min, was killed.[183] Chang was taken to the Sulu Archipelago.[181] Chang was freed in Sulu Province and returned to Taiwan on 21 December.[184][185][186]

2014 Singamata, Baik Island & Kampung Air Sapang kidnappings

On 2 April 2014, a kidnap gang believed to originate from Abu Sayyaf militants raided Singamata Reef Resort off Semporna.[187][188] Chinese tourist Gao Huayun from Shanghai and Filipino resort worker Marcy Dayawan were abducted and taken to the Sulu Archipelago.[187][189] The two hostages were later rescued after a collaboration between Malaysian and Philippines security forces.[190][191]

On 6 May, five Abu Sayyaf gunmen raided a Malaysian fish farm on Baik Island Sabah, kidnapped the fish farm manager and took him to Jolo island.[192][193] He was freed in July with the help of Malaysian negotiators.[194]

On 16 June, two gunmen believed to be from Abu Sayyaf kidnapped a Chinese fish farm manager and one Filipino worker in Kampung Air Sapang.[195][196] The worker managed to escape and disappeared.[197][198] Meanwhile, the fish farm manager was taken to Jolo.[199] He was released on 10 December.[200]

Malaysian authorities identified five Filipinos, the "Muktadil brothers", as responsible for these cases. They sold their hostages to the Abu Sayyaf group.[201] Of the five Muktadil brothers: Mindas Muktadil was killed by Philippine police in May 2015, Kadafi Muktadil was arrested in late 2015, Nixon Muktadil and Brown Muktadil were killed by the Philippine military on 27 September 2016 after they resisted arrest,[202][203] while Badong Muktadil succumbed to his injuries while fleeing after he was shot when his brothers was killed. His body was discovered in a pump boat in Mususiasi.[204]

2015 Ocean King Restaurant kidnappings

On 15 May 2015, four armed Abu Sayyaf members kidnapped two Malaysian nationals from Ocean King Restaurant in an upscale resort in Sandakan, Sabah and took them to Parang, Sulu.[205][206] Police identified the leaders of the group behind the abduction as Alhabsy Misaya, Alden Bagade and Angah Adji. On 8 November, Thien Nyuk Fun, the seafood restaurant owner, was released after payment of 30 million pesos ($US675,000) ransom.[207][208] The initial agreement of 30 million pesos was reportedly for both hostages; however, a faction within the Abu Sayyaf Group demanded more after Thien Nyuk Fun was released. Further negotiations broke down and the other hostage, electrical engineer Bernard Then, was beheaded on Jolo Island on 17 November.[209][210][211][212]

Philippines and Malaysia waters

2014 German sailors kidnapping

In April 2014, Germans Dr. Stefan Viktor Okonek and Henrike Dielen were captured on their yacht on the high seas near Borneo. Abu Sayyaf threatened to behead one of them. After payment of $US5.6 million in October 2014, the pair were released in Patikul, Sulu.[213]

2016 Local and foreign sailors kidnappings

On 26 March 2016, ten Indonesian seafarers were held hostage by ASG operating in Sulu Archipelago. They were abducted from the Brahma 12 tugboat and the Anand 12 barge[214] near Tawi-Tawi province.[215] The Indonesian vessels were freighting coal from South Borneo heading for Batangas port when hijacked. In April, the Indonesian government announced that the company that owned tugboat Brahma 12 had agreed to pay the 50-million-peso ($1 million) ransom.[216] On 2 May, they were released.[217]

On 1 April, four Malaysian sailors aboard a tugboat from Manila were kidnapped when they arrived near the shore of Ligitan Island. Their companions, three Myanmar nationals and two Indonesians, were unharmed.[218] On 8 June, they were released.[219]

On 15 April, four Indonesian sailors were kidnapped when two Indonesian tugboats from Cebu, Henry and Cristi, were attacked by Abu Sayyaf militants. While five of the passengers were safe, one was shot before he was rescued.[220] They were released on 11 May.[221] A group of concerned Filipinos in Sabah urged Philippine president-elect Rodrigo Duterte to intervene for the release of four Malaysians held hostage by Abu Sayyaf. The issue strained the relationship between the Philippines and Malaysia.[222]

On 21 June, seven Indonesian sailors were kidnapped while aboard a tugboat passing through the Sulu Archipelago.[223]

On 9 July, three Indonesian fishermen were kidnapped near the coast of Lahad Datu, Sabah, Malaysia [224] and released on 17 September.[225]

On 18 July, five Malaysian sailors were abducted near the coast of Lahad Datu.[226]

On 3 August, an Indonesian sailor was kidnapped in the waters of Malaysia leaving two other crew members unharmed. This incident was reported by victims on 5 August.[227] Two of the hostages managed to escape after receiving persistent threats of beheading.[228]

On 10 September, three Filipino fishermen were kidnapped on the shores of Pom Pom Island.[229][230]

On 22 September, another Indonesian hostage was released.[231]

On 27 September, one Malaysian boat-skipper was kidnapped from his trawler by seven armed militants before the group attacked another Indonesian trawler; however, no kidnappings were committed in the second incident.[232] The hostage was released on 1 October, with no ransom demand,[233] along with three Indonesians hostages who were released the same day.[234]

On 21 October, approximately ten Abu Sayyaf militants attacked a South Korean-bound vessel named MV Dongbang Gian and abducted a South Korean skipper and a Filipino crewman off Bongao, Tawi-Tawi.[235]

On 5 November, German sailor Sabine Merz was shot dead while her husband Jürgen Kantner was abducted from their yacht off Tanjong Luuk Pisuk in Sabah. On or before 27 February 2017, Kantner was beheaded after a ransom of 30 million pesos ($US600,000) was not paid.[236][237][236][238]

On 11 November, Vietnamese vessel MV Royale 16 with nineteen sailors on board was attacked by Abu Sayyaf near Basilan, abducting six sailors and injuring one. The remaining thirteen sailors were released.[239]

On 20 November, two Indonesian fishermen were kidnapped by five gunmen off Lahad Datu.[240]

Due to the increase of attacks against foreign vessels by Abu Sayyaf, the governments of Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines agreed to jointly patrol their waters on 5 May 2016.[241] The three countries formed another agreement on joint air patrols.[242]

During the first six months of 2016, Abu Sayyaf made $7.3 million, equivalent to Php 353 million, from ransom payoffs.[243]

Beheadings

{{Main|Abu Sayyaf beheading incidents}}

As part of its kidnap-for-ransom operations, the Abu Sayyaf has executed some of their male hostages if ransom demands were not met.[244] The group had previously beheaded Christian civilians and others they consider kafir without demanding ransoms for their release, due to their religious affiliation.[245][246]

Bombings

2004 Superferry 14 Bombing

{{Main|Superferry 14}}Superferry 14 was a large ferry destroyed by a bomb on 27 February 2004, killing 116 people in the Philippines' worst terrorist attack and the world's deadliest terrorist attack at sea.[247] On that day, the 10,192 ton ferry sailed out of Manila with about 900 passengers and crew on board. A television set filled with 8 lb. (4 kilograms) of TNT had been placed on board. 90 minutes out of port, the bomb exploded. 63 people were killed instantly and 53 were missing and presumed dead. Despite claims from terrorist groups, the blast was initially thought to have been an accident caused by a gas explosion. However, after divers righted the ferry five months after it had sunk, they found evidence of a bomb blast. A man called Redendo Cain Dellosa admitted to planting the bomb for Abu Sayyaf.[248] Six suspects were arrested in connection with the bombing while the masterminds, Khadaffy Janjalani and Abu Sulaiman, were killed.[249]

2016 Davao City bombing

{{Main|2016 Davao City bombing}}

On 2 September 2016, an explosion occurred at a night market in Davao City, Philippines killing at least 15 and injuring 70.[250][251] Shortly before the bombing, Abu Sayyaf made a threat following the intensified military operation against them.[252][253][254][255] Abu Sayyaf spokesperson Abu Rami was reported to claim responsibility.[256] He later denied the report and any involvement, saying a group allied to them; the Daulat Ul-Islamiya were responsible.[257] Although the Abu Sayyaf spokesman denied involvement, the Philippine government blame the group.

{{quote|This is not the first time that Davao has been sacrificed to the altar of violence. It's always connected with Abu Sayyaf before. They gave a warning. We know that.[258]|Rodrigo Duterte, President of the Philippines}}

2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings

{{Main|2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings}}

On 27 January 2019, two bombs detonated at the Roman Catholic Cathedral of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Jolo town which is the centre of Abu Sayyaf stronghold.[9] The bombings resulting to eighteen people were killed while 82 others were injured, mostly from Philippine Army's 35th Battalion and civilians inside the church.[259] The Philippine military said the Abu Sayyaf under the faction of Ajang-Ajang are responsible which is also echoed by peace advocate with evidence from military intelligence operatives that they have intercepted plans of the latter to bomb the other parts of downtown Jolo months before.[260][261] The bombings took place a week after a referendum for the creation of Bangsamoro Autonomous Region with the attacks is described as the opposition by the Abu Sayyaf group for their areas inclusion under the Bangsamoro authorities since the whole Sulu province itself is already known to be against the referendum with 163,526 oppose votes (54.3%).[262]

Criticism of attacks against civilians

Sheikh Yusuf al-Qaradawi in Qatar denounced the kidnappings and killings committed by Abu Sayyaf, asserting that they are not part of the dispute between the Abu Sayyaf and the Philippine government. He stated that it is shameful to commit such acts in the name of the Islamic faith, saying that such acts produce backlash against Islam and Muslims.[263] During the 2000 Sipadan kidnappings, the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC) condemned the kidnapping and offered to help secure their release. OIC Secretary General Azeddine Laraki, told the Philippine government he was prepared to send an envoy to help save the hostages and issued a statement condemning the rebels. "The Secretary General has pointed out that this operation and the like are rejected by divine laws and that they are neither the appropriate nor correct means to resolve conflicts", the statement said.[263]

The terrorism against civilians committed were condemned by MNLF and MILF, who said that Abu Sayyaf strayed from their real paths of struggle, with MILF labelling Abu Sayyaf as "anti-Islam" soon after Ridsdel's beheading in 2016.[23] MNLF described the group as "causing chaos to their community".[264] Both Christian and Muslim groups in the Philippines condemned Abu Sayyaf beheadings.[265]

The kidnappings were criticised by Indonesia.[266] On 14 July 2016, a group of Indonesian protesters gathered in front of the Philippine Embassy in Indonesia, holding banners that read "Go to hell Philippines and Abu Sayyaf" and "Destroy the Philippines and Abu Sayyaf" due to what was seen as the lack of action from the Philippine government, who seems unable to defeat the militants and protect foreign citizens.[267][268] The group demanded a large scale military operation to destroy the Abu Sayyaf, of which the Indonesian military before also have proposing to send their military to Philippines, but were rejected by the Philippine government, citing it is against their constitution.[267][268][269]

Military operations

The Philippine military has engaged Abu Sayyaf since the 1990s.[270][271] Under President Duterte, the Philippine government sought a peace agreement with the MNLF and MILF, but not the "bunch of criminals" in Abu Sayyaf.[272] The Philippine military intensified operations in 2003, following the arrest of a Filipino-American who was alleged to have sold illegal weapons to the group. The suspect was tagged by US authorities as "one of the United States' most wanted fugitives". He was then deported by the Philippine government to face legal action in the US.[273]

On 29 July 2016, the military gained control of an Abu Sayyaf stronghold in Tipo-Tipo. The Philippine military pledged to eliminate Abu Sayyaf.[252][274] On 25 August, President Duterte ordered the group to be "destroyed" after it beheaded a teenager.[252] Following the incident, the Philippine military sent thousands of troops to fight and destroy Abu Sayyaf.[255] Filipino Army Major Filemon Tan said, "The order of the president is to search and destroy the Abu Sayyaf so that's what we are doing".[275] Both MNLF and MILF began helping to suppress extremism in Mindanao, which helps the peace process for both groups.[22][23][264]

Philippine security forces collaborated with Malaysia and Indonesia to maintain security in the Sulu Sea.[276][277] The Indonesian government proposed to station army units in Mindanao to launch a major offensive against Abu Sayyaf.[278] The Indonesian government called on the Malaysian and Philippine armies to launch combined land attacks together on Mindanao, while at the same time urging the Philippine government to allow Indonesia and Malaysia military forces to enter Philippine territory.[279][280] The Vietnamese military started to hold military exercises against Abu Sayyaf (known locally as "pirates" by the Vietnamese) following the repeat kidnappings of Malaysian and Indonesian sailors.[281] The Philippine military provided one battalion to go against each subgroup.[282] On 9 September, following the meeting between President Duterte and Indonesian President Joko Widodo, an agreement was reached to pursue the Abu Sayyaf. The Philippine President said in a statement:

{{quote|We agreed to encourage the earliest and effective implementation of cooperative frameworks to address security issues in maritime areas of common concern. We expressed commitment to take all necessary measures to ensure security in the Sulu Sea and maritime areas of common concern. There will be some interdiction by their armed forces and our armed forces and that is not really a warning but just a statement that we have decided to end this problem once and for all. Unlike the previous agreement with our neighbours, this time we will allows our neighbours to chase ships and pursue them even when they are in Philippine waters – "until such time that there is a competent Philippine authority who will take over in the chase. Maybe what's in my mind really is the hot pursuit and if the hot pursuit is done in the high seas, in the international waters, they can and they can even arrest or destroy them if they present a violent resistance". Malaysia will also be involved in this co-operation.[283]|Rodrigo Duterte, President of the Philippines}}

However, the government of Indonesia decided to not launch a military operation in the southern Philippines, stating that there is enough Philippine military personnel had been deployed. Indonesia's view was seconded by Malaysia.[284] Philippine military chief Ricardo Visaya warned the Abu Sayyaf that they would continue with further major military operations. The military chief gave notice to Abu Sayyaf members to surrender or be "neutralised", (killed or apprehended).[285]

Some 20 Abu Sayyaf surrendered in Sumisip on 22 September.[286] The day before, Philippine armed forces confiscated 200 speedboats used by the Abu Sayyaf in Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi and Zamboanga.[287] President Duterte rejected a proposal by Nur Misuari, the leader of MNLF to include Abu Sayyaf in peace talks.[288] On 27 September, another attempt to smuggle weapons to Abu Sayyaf was prevented by the Philippine National Police in San Juan City. Four people were arrested.[289] By 14 October, the Philippine military had launched 579 military operations, 426 of which were focused to "neutralise" group members. 54 engagements resulted in 56 Abu Sayyaf members killed, 21 surrendered and 17 arrested.[290][291]

Abu Sayyaf fatalities then increased to 102, with seven more apprehended. Notable Abu Sayyaf leaders were killed, including Nelson Muktadil, Braun Muktadil, their sub-leader Mohammad Said, Jamiri Jawhari, Musanna Jamiri, the group spokesman Abu Rami and Alhabsy Misaya.[292][293][294] In addition, another 165 fast boats used for transport and kidnapping activities were confiscated.[294] By 13 April 2017, 50 more ASG members had surrendered.[292] In the same month, Philippine authorities discovered the presence of militants from Indonesia and Malaysia killed during the ongoing operations[295] (notable foreigners such as Sanusi, Zulkifli Abdhir, Ibrahim Ali, Mohd Najib Husen and Mohisen were among the dead)[296][297][298][299][300] as well the presence of a "traitor" among their security members when a top policewoman was caught for her ties with the group.[301] Indonesia admitted the presence of its citizens who came from North Sulawesi and said they could not prevent them from joining, given the lack of security on their borders.[302][303] Malaysia discovered that militants were using Sabah as a transit point.[304][305] The two pledged to prevent cross-border terrorism and curb the activities of militants[306][307]

Early on 26 November 2016, Duterte stated that he would open peace talks with Abu Sayyaf group (as he did with the MNLF and MILF by offering federalism as a possible solution)[308] while continuing to fight against the Maute group,[309] a move criticised by Philippine analysts as it would be used by extreme rebels to claim for legitimacy as a group.[310] In a statement, the President said:

{{quote|I can bomb more if I want to. At the end of the day, what can I say to the Filipino? That we have wiped out almost all of our Yakan, Sama, Tausūg brothers? Even those not connected with the violence now? Either we talk, if you want autonomy or if you want something else, federalism, I am ready. I am committed to (a) federalism set-up to appease the Moro.[308][311]}}

His statements were criticised by national media as leading to a confusion whether he wanted peace talks.[312] Another IS-linked group, the Maute emerged in 2016.[313] On 7 December, Duterte told the Indonesian and Malaysian leaders that "they can bomb the Abu Sayyaf along with the hostages if the Abu Sayyaf continue to present persistent threats and the hostages should already know that there is repeated warnings to not go there".[314] In early 2019, the President explain with definite words that he would never initiate or agree to any peace talks with the Abu Sayyaf as he himself strongly detest and despise with the group's continuous cruel practice of beheading innocent people which includes child victim as low as 8-year-old.[315]

In the aftermath of the 2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings, President Duterte ordered an "All-Out-War" directive against the Abu Sayyaf Group, which led to heavy ground operations, massive airstrikes, artillery bombardment in surrounding areas, the evacuation of civilian in other areas, and the creation of the 11th Infantry Division of the Philippine Army. [316] [317]

See also

{{Wikipedia books
|1=Islamic terrorism
|3=Islamic terrorist groups
}}
  • Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters

References

1. ^{{Cite journal|url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1927124,00.html|title=A Brief History of Abu Sayyaf|journal=Time|author=Christopher Shay|date=1 October 2009|accessdate=4 September 2016}}
2. ^Killed, 8 December 1998
3. ^Killed, 4 September 2006
4. ^rewardsforjustice.net {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225160500/http://www.rewardsforjustice.net/index.cfm?page=sahiron&language=English |date=25 February 2013}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/raddulan-sahiron/view|title=FBI — RADDULAN SAHIRON|work=FBI|accessdate=13 November 2014}}
6. ^Killed, 16 October 2017
7. ^{{cite news|url=http://time.com/3723588/the-war-on-isis/|title=What Comes After the War on ISIS|author=David Von Drehle|work=TIME.com|accessdate=18 July 2015|date=26 February 2015}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.interaksyon.com/article/114276/abu-sayyaf-sub-leader-killed-in-sulu-encounter|title=Abu Sayyaf sub-leader killed in Sulu encounter|work=InterAksyon.com|accessdate=18 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717134424/http://www.interaksyon.com/article/114276/abu-sayyaf-sub-leader-killed-in-sulu-encounter|archive-date=17 July 2015|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
9. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20090508-jolo-stronghold-islamist-group-abu-sayyaf-|title=Jolo, stronghold of Islamist group Abu Sayyaf|publisher=France24|date=8 May 2009|accessdate=28 January 2019}}
10. ^{{cite web | url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/08/28/government-troops-still-chasing-150-abu-sayyaf-terrorists-lorenzana/ | title=Government troops still chasing 150 Abu Sayyaf terrorists — Lorenzana}}
11. ^1 {{cite book|author=Lino Miani|title=The Sulu Arms Market: National Responses to a Regional Problem|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IWpYd_qYhc8C&pg=PA74|year=2011|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian|isbn=978-981-4311-11-3|pages=74–}}
12. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.iran-daily.com/News/126636.html|title=Abu Sayyaf declared as terrorist organization in Philippines|publisher=Iran Daily|date=10 September 2015|accessdate=20 November 2015}}
13. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/Listedterroristorganisations/Pages/AbuSayyafGroup.aspx|title=Australian National Security, Terrorist organisations, Abu Sayyaf Group|publisher=Australian Government|date=12 July 2013|accessdate=30 November 2015}}
14. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-eng.aspx|title=Currently listed entities|publisher=Public Safety Canada|accessdate=31 March 2016|date=2015-12-16}}
15. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://m.nasional.rimanews.com/keamanan/read/20160329/270652/Indonesia-Tak-Boleh-Tunduk-Terhadap-Terorisme-Abus-Sayyaf-|archive-url=https://archive.is/20160425095842/http://m.nasional.rimanews.com/keamanan/read/20160329/270652/Indonesia-Tak-Boleh-Tunduk-Terhadap-Terorisme-Abus-Sayyaf-|dead-url=yes|archive-date=25 April 2016|title=Indonesia Tak Boleh Tunduk Terhadap Terorisme Abus Sayyaf!|author=Febrianto|language=Indonesian|publisher=Rima News|date=29 March 2016|accessdate=30 March 2016}}
16. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.moj.go.jp/psia/ITH/organizations/ES_E-asia_oce/ASG.html|title=Abu Sayyaf Group|publisher=Public Safety Intelligence Agency|accessdate=16 July 2017}}
17. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=104582|title=Hunt down the killers, CM tells Manila|publisher=Daily Express|date=19 November 2015|accessdate=20 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403092239/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=104582|archivedate=3 April 2016 |deadurl=yes}}
18. ^1 {{cite act |title=Terrorism Act 2000 |number=11 |year=2000 |article=2 |articletype=Schedule |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/11/schedule/2}}
19. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/507386/news/nation/us-govt-lists-npa-abu-sayyaf-ji-among-foreign-terrorist-organizations-in-phl|title=US govt lists NPA, Abu Sayyaf, JI among foreign terrorist organizations in PHL|author=Joel Locsin|publisher=GMA News|date=20 June 2015|accessdate=20 November 2015}}
20. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://dtinews.vn/en/news/017004/36946/filipino-pirates-attack-vietnamese-fishermen-near-banggi.html|title=Filipino pirates attack Vietnamese fishermen near Banggi|work=The Borneo Post|publisher=Dantri|date=16 October 2014|accessdate=3 April 2016}}
21. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2014/10/16/abu-sayyaf-suspected-of-shooting-fishing-boat/|title=Abu Sayyaf suspected of shooting fishing boat|author=Stephanie Lee|publisher=The Star|date=16 October 2014|accessdate=3 April 2016}}
22. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/philippines/mnlf-faction-helps-troops-in-hunt-for-abu-sayyaf-1.152911|title=MNLF faction helps troops in hunt for Abu Sayyaf|author=Gilbert Felongco|publisher=Gulf News|date=30 January 2007|accessdate=12 August 2016}}
23. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/139216/milf-helps-in-hunt-for-abu-sayyaf-calls-ridsdel-beheading-anti-islam|title=MILF helps in hunt for Abu Sayyaf, calls Ridsdel beheading anti-Islam|author=Jeoffrey Maitem|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=3 May 2016|accessdate=12 August 2016}}
24. ^{{cite web|last=Rommel Banlaoi|title=Al Harakatul Al Islamiyah: Essays on the Abdu Sayyaf Group|url=http://pipvtr.com/pipvtr/files/Book_AHAI_Essays_on_ASG_Book_Banlaoi_2008.pdf}}
25. ^{{cite web|last1=Feldman|first1=Jack|title=Abu Sayyaf|url=http://csis.org/files/publication/111128_Fellman_ASG_AQAMCaseStudy5.pdf|publisher=Center for Strategic and International Studies|accessdate=16 May 2015}}
26. ^[https://www.fbi.gov/pressrel/pressrel06/mostwantedterrorists022406.htm FBI Updates Most Wanted Terrorists and Seeking Information – War on Terrorism Lists], FBI national Press Release, 24 February 2006 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100830144046/https://www.fbi.gov/pressrel/pressrel06/mostwantedterrorists022406.htm |date=30 August 2010}}
27. ^{{cite book|last1=East|first1=Robert|title=Terror Truncated: The Decline of the Abu Sayyaf Group from the Crucial Year 2002|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|page=3|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=pzgyBwAAQBAJ|page=2}}|accessdate=17 May 2015|isbn=9781443866699}}
28. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Rommel C. Banlaoi|title=Abu Sayyaf Group: From Mere Banditry to Genuine Terrorism |journal=Southeast Asian Affairs |volume=2006 |issue=1 |pages=247–262 |url=http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/southeast_asian_affairs/summary/v2006/2006.banlaoi.html|year=2006 }}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/general/abducted-nurse-marries-abu-sayyaf-leader-1.438945|title=Abducted nurse marries Abu Sayyaf leader|author=Barbara Mae Dacanay|publisher=Gulf News|date=21 April 2002|accessdate=3 April 2016}}
30. ^{{cite book |last=Martin |first=Gus |authorlink=C. Augustus Martin |year=2012 |title=Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues |publisher=Sage Publications |page=319}}
31. ^1 {{cite web|title=ABU SAYYAF GROUP (ASG)|url=https://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2011/195553.htm#asg|website=US Department of State}}
32. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=204|title=Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG)|publisher=MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060827045351/http://www.tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=204|archivedate=27 August 2006|deadurl=yes|accessdate=20 September 2006}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=https://news.usni.org/2015/02/27/u-s-officially-ends-special-operations-task-force-in-the-philippines-some-advisors-may-remain|title=U.S. Officially Ends Special Operations Task Force in the Philippines, Some Advisors May Remain|date=27 February 2015|publisher=}}
34. ^{{Citation |url=http://www.armedforcesjournal.com/2007/09/2926516|title=Flashpoint, No bungle in the jungle |publisher=armedforcesjournal.com |accessdate=1 November 2007| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071021075220/http://www.armedforcesjournal.com/2007/09/2926516| archivedate= 21 October 2007 | deadurl= no}}
35. ^1 {{cite news |title=2 US Navy men, 1 Marine killed in Sulu land mine blast |newspaper=GMA News |date=29 September 2009 |url=http://www.gmanews.tv/story/173383/2-us-navy-men-1-marine-killed-in-sulu-land-mine-blast |accessdate=29 September 2009 |quote=Two US Navy personnel and one Philippine Marine soldier were killed when a land mine exploded along a road in Indanan, Sulu Tuesday morning, an official said. The American fatalities were members of the US Navy construction brigade, Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) spokesman Lt. Col. Romeo Brawner Jr. told GMANews.TV in a telephone interview. He did not disclose the identities of all three casualties.| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20091002030114/http://www.gmanews.tv/story/173383/2-us-navy-men-1-marine-killed-in-sulu-land-mine-blast| archivedate= 2 October 2009 | deadurl= no}} and
{{cite news |title=Pentagon Says Troops Killed in Philippines Hit by Roadside Bomb |author=Al Pessin |newspaper=Voice of America |date=29 September 2009 |url=http://www.voanews.com/english/news/a-13-2009-09-29-voa12.html |accessdate=12 January 2011}} and
{{cite news |title=Troops killed in Philippines blast |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=29 September 2009 |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia-pacific/2009/09/20099298614751808.html |accessdate=29 September 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20091003002858/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia-pacific/2009/09/20099298614751808.html| archivedate= 3 October 2009 | deadurl= no}} and
{{cite news |title=2 US troops killed in Philippines blast |author=Jim Gomez |publisher=CBS News|date=29 September 2009 |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/09/29/world/main5348332.shtml |accessdate=12 January 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110202201004/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/09/29/world/main5348332.shtml| archivedate= 2 February 2011 | deadurl= no}}
36. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/65199-abu-sayyaf-leader-oath-isis|title=Senior Abu Sayyaf leader swears oath to ISIS|work=Rappler|accessdate=18 July 2015}}
37. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/24/islamists-philippines-threaten-kill-german-hostages-isis|title=Islamists in Philippines threaten to kill German hostages|author=Philip Oltermann|newspaper=the Guardian|accessdate=18 July 2015|date=2014-09-24}}
38. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Sherwell|first1=Philip|title=How Abu Sayyaf makes a business of beheadings as Islamist terror gang releases 'final message' hostage video|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/20/how-abu-sayyaf-the-islamist-terror-gang-made-a-business-out-of-b/|accessdate=14 June 2016|publisher=The Telegraph|date=23 May 2016}}
39. ^1 {{cite web|title=Abu Sayyaf History |publisher=U.S. Pacific Command |date=21 September 2006 |url=http://www.pacom.mil/piupdates/abusayyafhist.shtml |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123213349/http://www.pacom.mil/piupdates/abusayyafhist.shtml |archivedate=23 January 2009}}
40. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Who are the Abu Sayyaf |date=30 December 2000 |publisher=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/719623.stm |location=London}}
41. ^1 {{cite web|title=Funding Terrorism in Southeast Asia: The Financial Network of Al Qaeda and Jemaah Islamiyah |url=http://www.nbr.org/publications/analysis/pdf/vol14no5.pdf |publisher=The National Bureau of Asian Research |accessdate=20 September 2006|format=PDF |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927184541/http://www.nbr.org/publications/analysis/pdf/vol14no5.pdf |archivedate=27 September 2006 |deadurl=no}}
42. ^Zachary Abuza, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/25798639 Funding Terrorism in Southeast Asia: The Financial Network of Al Qaeda and Jemaah Islamiyah]," The National Bureau of Asian Research 14, no. 5 (December 2003): 176.
43. ^{{cite web |title=National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States |url=http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/archive/hearing3/9-11Commission_Hearing_2003-07-09.htm |accessdate=19 June 2012 |date=9 July 2003 |quote=MR. GUNARATNA: Sir, Mohammad Jamal Khalifa ... arrived in the Philippines in 1988 and he became the first director, the founding director, of the International Islamic Relief Organization of Saudi Arabia.}}
44. ^{{cite book|last1=Giraldo|first1=Jeanne K.|last2=Trinkunas|first2=Harold A.|title=Terrorism Financing and State Responses: A Comparative Perspective|publisher=Sanford University Press|page=120|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=BOfC7vJOsdIC|page=120}}|accessdate=13 May 2015}}
45. ^{{cite web|title=Complete 911 Timeline. Mohammed Jamal Khalifa|url=http://www.historycommons.org/timeline.jsp?other_al-qaeda_operatives=complete_911_timeline_mohammed_jamal_khalifa&timeline=complete_911_timeline|website=History Commons|accessdate=13 May 2015}}
46. ^{{cite book |last=Abuza |first=Zachary |title=Balik-Terrorism: The Return of the Abu Sayyaf |publisher=Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College |location=Carlisle PA |isbn=978-1-58487-208-5 |url=http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub625.pdf |page=47 |date=September 2005 |accessdate=19 June 2012 |quote=Based on IIRO documents at the PSEC, Khalifa was one of five incorporators who signed the documents of registration; another was Khalifa's wife, Alice 'Jameelah' Yabo.}}
47. ^{{cite news|title=Fresh fighting in S Philippines |publisher=BBC |date=7 September 2006 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/5322680.stm | location=London}}
48. ^{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070117/ap_on_re_as/philippines_abu_sayyaf|title=Philippines says militant's death a blow|author=Jim Gomez|work=Associated Press|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=17 January 2007|accessdate=17 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070118204619/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070117/ap_on_re_as/philippines_abu_sayyaf|archivedate=18 January 2007|deadurl=yes}}
49. ^1 {{cite news|title=Manilla captures senior Abu Sayyaf |publisher=CNN |date=7 December 2003 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/12/07/philippines.abusayyaf/index.html}}
50. ^{{cite news|title=Ex-hostage describes jungle ordeal |publisher=CNN |date=9 May 2003 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/US/05/08/cnna.burnham/index.html}}
51. ^{{cite web|title=Prominent Abu Sayyaf Commander Believed Dead |url=http://www.ict.org.il/spotlight/det.cfm?id=796 |publisher=Institute for Counter-Terrorism |accessdate=20 September 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060105081224/http://www.ict.org.il/spotlight/det.cfm?id=796 |archivedate=5 January 2006}}
52. ^{{cite news|title=Profiles of dead Abu Sayyaf leaders |publisher=BBC |date=15 March 2005 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4350033.stm |location=London}}
53. ^{{cite news|title=Bloody end to Manila jail break |publisher=BBC |date=15 March 2005 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4349471.stm |location=London}}
54. ^{{cite news|title=Blast at US Philippines army base |publisher=BBC |date=18 February 2006 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4727842.stm |location=London}}
55. ^{{cite news|title=US indicts Abu Sayyaf leaders |publisher=BBC |date=23 July 2002 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/2147381.stm |location=London}}
56. ^{{cite news|title=FBI puts al-Zarqawi high on its list |date=24 February 2006 |publisher=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/02/24/zarqawi.mostwanted/index.html}}
57. ^{{cite news|title=Tiahrt responds to the Abu Sayyaf terrorist indictments |publisher=United States House of Representatives |url=http://www.house.gov/tiahrt/communications/press_releases/2002/07232002.htm |accessdate=20 September 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060910033008/http://www.house.gov/tiahrt/communications/press_releases/2002/07232002.htm |archivedate=10 September 2006 |deadurl=no |df=dmy}}
58. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41632434|title=Philippines military 'kills Islamist Isnilon Hapilon'|newspaper=BBC News|date=16 October 2017|accessdate=17 October 2017}}
59. ^{{cite news|title=Manila Again Denies Terror Plot Led to Postponement of Asia Summits |date=13 December 2006 |publisher=Voice of America (VoA) |url=http://voanews.com/english/2006-12-13-voa11.cfm |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20061213232350/http://voanews.com/english/2006-12-13-voa11.cfm?renderforprint=1&textonly=1&&CFID=40218514&CFTOKEN=43906189 |archivedate=13 December 2006 |accessdate=12 December 2016}}
60. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|last1=FlorCruz|first1=Michelle|title=Philippine Terror Group Abu Sayyaf May Be Using ISIS Link For Own Agenda|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/philippine-terror-group-abu-sayyaf-may-be-using-isis-link-own-agenda-1695156|accessdate=16 May 2015|agency=International Business Times|date=25 September 2014}}
61. ^{{cite news|title=Ferry bomb terror suspect held in Manila |publisher=CNN |date=30 August 2008 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/08/30/philippines.suspect/index.html?iref=newssearch}}
62. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|title=The Return of Abu Sayyaf |date=30 August 2004 |publisher=Time Asia Magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501040830-686107,00.html | first=Simon | last=Elegant}}
63. ^{{cite news|title=Air raids hit Philippines rebels |publisher=BBC |date=20 November 2004 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4027721.stm | location=London}}
64. ^{{cite news|title=AsiaWeek: 08.31.1999 |publisher=AsiaWeek |date=31 August 1999}}
65. ^{{cite web |url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=79205&page=1&page=1 | title=The Abu Sayyaf-Al Qaeda Connection-Abu Sayyaf Terrorist Group Alleged to Have Links to Al Qaeda | publisher=abc News International | accessdate=20 December 2001}}
66. ^{{cite web |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20091111-235574/Abu-Sayyaf-survives-US-based-Philippine-crackdown |title=Abu Sayyaf survives US-backed Philippine crackdown |work=Philippine Daily Inquirer |accessdate=11 November 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012005634/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20091111-235574/Abu-Sayyaf-survives-US-based-Philippine-crackdown |archivedate=12 October 2012 |df=dmy-all }}
67. ^{{cite book|last=Banlaoi|first=Rommel|title=War on Terrorism in Southeast Asia|year=2004|publisher=Rex Book Store|location=Quezon City|isbn=978-971-23-4031-4|pages=1–235}}
68. ^{{cite news|title=Gunfight in philippine bomber hunt |publisher=CNN |date=10 August 2003 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/08/10/philippine.gunfight/index.html}}
69. ^{{cite news|title=Bin Laden Funds Abu Sayyaf Through Muslim Relief Group |date=9 August 2000 |publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer}}
70. ^Mogato, Manny, "Philippine rebels linking up with foreign jihadist." Reuters News, 21 August 2005.
71. ^Del Puerto, Luige A. "PNP [Philippine National Police]: Alliance of JI, RP terrorists strong." Philippines Daily Inquirer (internet version), 20 November 2005
72. ^{{cite book|last1=Vaughn|first1=Bruce|title=Terrorism in Southeast Asia|date=2009|publisher=DIANE Publishing.|page=17|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=Fc3rC5zWOHQC|page=16}}|accessdate=17 May 2015}}
73. ^{{cite web|last=Rommel C. Banlaoi|title=The Sources of Abu Sayyaf's Resilience in the Southern Philippines|url=https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-sources-of-the-abu-sayyaf%e2%80%99s-resilience-in-the-southern-philippines|date=2010|website=Combatting Terrorism Center at West Point}}
74. ^{{cite web |author=Niksch, Larry |title=Abu Sayyaf: Target of Philippine-U.S. Anti-Terrorism Cooperation |publisher=Federation of American Scientists |date=25 January 2002 |work=CRS Report for Congress |url=https://fas.org/irp/crs/RL31265.pdf|format=PDF}}
75. ^The deadly convenience of Victor Bout. ISN Eth Zurich. 24 June 2008
76. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/mar/06/viktor-bout-background Background: the life of Viktor Bout]. The Guardian. 6 March 2009
77. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-militants/beheading-highlights-lucrative-kidnap-business-of-philippine-rebels-idUSKCN0XN1II|title=Beheading highlights lucrative kidnap business of Philippine rebels|work=Reuters|date=2016-04-26|access-date=2018-01-25|language=en-US}}
78. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/us2m-ransom-on-australians-life-20120104-1pla7.html|title=$US2m ransom on Australian's life|last=|first=|date=2012-01-04|website=|access-date=}}
79. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/national/former-philippines-terrorist-hostage-warren-rodwells-family-joy/news-story/705e916fb4162078248da08c314572c0|title=Freed hostage Warren Rodwell says he is overwhelmed and grateful for support|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}
80. ^{{Cite news|url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/focus/10/18/14/bloodstained-trail-abu-sayyaf|title=The bloodstained trail of the Abu Sayyaf|last=France-Presse|first=Agence|work=ABS-CBN News|access-date=2018-01-25|language=en-US}}
81. ^{{Cite news|url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/focus/10/18/14/bloodstained-trail-abu-sayyaf|title=The bloodstained trail of the Abu Sayyaf|last=France-Presse|first=Agence|work=ABS-CBN News|access-date=2017-09-28|language=en-US}}
82. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-militants/philippine-militants-free-two-german-hostages-idUSKCN0I607S20141017|title=Philippine militants free two German hostages|work=Reuters|date=2014-10-17|access-date=2018-01-25|language=en-US}}
83. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/09/abu-sayyaf-frees-norwegian-hostage-kjartan-sekkingstad-160917112112583.html|title=Abu Sayyaf frees Norwegian hostage Kjartan Sekkingstad|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2017-09-28}}
84. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/778468/italian-man-kidnapped-in-dipolog-city-freed|title=Italian man kidnapped in Dipolog City freed|work=Inquirer.net|date=8 April 2016|accessdate=4 February 2018}}
85. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.marinelink.com/news/indonesian-hostages408407.aspx|title=Ship Owner to Pay Ransom for Indonesian Hostages|date=2016-04-20|work=MarineLink|access-date=2017-09-28|language=en}}
86. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.atimes.com/abu-sayyafs-kidnapping-enterprise-poses-bigger-threat-to-philippines-neighbors/|title=Abu Sayyaf strategy posing threat to Philippines' neighbors|date=2016-09-25|work=AsiaTimes|access-date=2018-01-29|language=en}}
87. ^{{cite web|author=Bowden, Mark|title=Jihadists in Paradise|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2007/03/jihadists-in-paradise/305613/2/|publisher=The Atlantic|date=1 March 2007}}
88. ^{{cite book|last1=East|first1=Robert|title=Terror Truncated: The Decline of the Abu Sayyaf Group from the Crucial Year 2002|date=17 May 2015|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing.|page=2|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=pzgyBwAAQBAJ|page=2}}|accessdate=17 May 2015}}
89. ^{{cite web|last1=Fellman|first1=Jack|title=Abu Sayyaf Group|url=http://csis.org/files/publication/111128_Fellman_ASG_AQAMCaseStudy5.pdf|publisher=Center for Strategic International Studies|accessdate=17 May 2015|page=4}}
90. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/583221/news/nation/military-says-abu-sayyaf-members-are-shabu-users|title=(INFO FROM EX-CAPTIVES) Military says Abu Sayyaf members are shabu users|publisher=GMA News|date=29 September 2016|accessdate=3 October 2016}}
91. ^{{cite web|url=http://dailycaller.com/2016/09/30/meet-shabu-the-drug-fueling-islamic-extremism/|title=Meet 'Shabu,' The Drug Fueling Islamic Extremism|author=Ryan Pickrell|publisher=The Daily Caller|date=30 September 2016|accessdate=3 October 2016}}
92. ^{{cite web|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/04/12/17/abu-sayyaf-leader-abu-rami-killed-in-bohol-clash|title=Abu Sayyaf leader Abu Rami killed in Bohol clash|author1=Annie Fe Perez|author2=Junrey Nadela|work=Reuters|publisher=ABS-CBN News|date=12 April 2017|accessdate=12 April 2017}}
93. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/columnists/one-mans-meat/2016/10/01/a-peek-into-the-mind-of-abu-sayyaf-man-daily-chats-with-a-terrorist-provide-a-chilling-insight-into/|title=A peek into the mind of Abu Sayyaf man|author=Philip Golingai|publisher=The Star|date=1 October 2016|accessdate=3 October 2016}}
94. ^{{cite web|title=Engine trouble and kidnappings|url=http://www.sailingtotem.com/2014/06/engine-trouble-and-kidnappings.html|website=sailingtotem.com|accessdate=16 May 2015|date=25 June 2014}}
95. ^{{cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/08/why-vietnam-must-fight-the-islamic-state-terror-threat/|title=Why Vietnam Must Fight the Islamic State Terror Threat|work=The Diplomat by Zachary Abuza|date=3 August 2017|access-date=19 January 2018}}
96. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Hookway|first1=James|title=Terror Grows in Southern Philippines From Militants Linked to Islamic State Kidnappings, beheadings by Abu Sayyaf raise fears of expanding terror threat in Southeast Asia|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/terror-grows-in-southern-philippines-from-militants-linked-to-islamic-state-1479465005|accessdate=20 November 2016|publisher=Wall Street Journal|date=18 November 2016}}
97. ^{{cite web |url=http://rp3.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/06/12/08/abu-sayyaf-abducted-20-journalists-2000 |title=Abu Sayyaf abducted 20 journalists since 2000 |publisher=Rp3.abs-cbnnews.com |date= |accessdate=6 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402115106/http://rp3.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/06/12/08/abu-sayyaf-abducted-20-journalists-2000 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
98. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-01-16/former-jail-guard-linked-to-kidnap-of-red-cross/268222|title=Former jail guard linked to kidnap of Red Cross team in Philippines|work=ABC News Australia|date=16 January 2009|accessdate=4 February 2018}}
99. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.philstar.com/nation/2013/12/05/1264474/updated-abu-sayyaf-releases-jordanian-journalist|title=Abu Sayyaf releases Jordanian journalist|publisher=PhilStar|date=5 December 2013|accessdate=2 February 2018}}
100. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/338455/jordanian-journalist-atyani-escaped-from-abu-sayyaf-report/story/|title=Jordanian journalist Atyani escaped from Abu Sayyaf —report|publisher=GMA News|date=5 December 2013|accessdate=2 February 2018}}
101. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2001-04-13/news/0104130152_1_abu-sayyaf-ivy-osani-american-hostage-jeffrey-schilling|title=Philippine Soldiers Rescue U.s. Hostage|work=Chicago Tribune|date=13 April 2001|accessdate=4 February 2018}}
102. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2001/04/02/world/main283170.shtml |work=CBS News |date=12 April 2001 |title=US Hostage Freed in Philippines}}
103. ^{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0207/23/bn.01.html |title=Larry Thompson, Deputy Attorney General (Live Transcript) |date=23 July 2002 |publisher=CNN International}}
104. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2001/04/14/MNE165246.DTL |title= What Was Schilling Thinking? Oblivious Oakland Man Sets Himself Up |work=San Francisco Chronicle |date=14 April 2001 |author=Chip Johnson}}
105. ^{{cite web|url=http://newsstand.blogs.com/newsstand/2007/01/turns_out_abu_s.html|title=Newsstand: Gracia's enemies|date=6 December 2008|publisher=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206072229/http://newsstand.blogs.com/newsstand/2007/01/turns_out_abu_s.html|archivedate=6 December 2008|df=dmy-all}}
106. ^1 "Manhunt" by Mark Bowden, The Atlantic, March 2007, p.54 (15)
107. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.graciaburnham.org/pdf/Article_7-30-04.pdf |title=Burham identifies former Abu Captors |format=PDF |accessdate=3 April 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051203025534/http://www.graciaburnham.org/pdf/Article_7-30-04.pdf |archivedate=3 December 2005 }}
108. ^"Philippines Brace for Retaliation {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100509081455/http://www.graciaburnham.org/index.asp?sec=3_1 |date=9 May 2010 }}" 15 March 2005, Associated Press.
109. ^{{cite book|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=XtE5QEW0ukUC}} |title=In the Presence of My Enemies |accessdate=3 April 2012}}
110. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/20/world/europe/20iht-phils.1.6746806.html|title=Kidnapped Italian priest is freed in Philippines|work=New York Times|date=20 July 2007|accessdate=4 February 2018}}
111. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/275293/italian-priest-giancarlo-bossi-former-kidnap-victim-in-mindanao-dies/story/|title=Italian priest Giancarlo Bossi, former kidnap victim in Mindanao, dies|work=GMA online|date=24 September 2012|accessdate=4 February 2018}}
112. ^{{cite news |first=Julie |last=Alipala |title=3 Red Cross kidnap victims alive, safe |work= |page= |date=17 January 2009 |accessdate=31 March 2009 |quote= |url=http://www.inquirer.net/specialreports/redcrossabduction/view.php?db=1&article=20090117-183958 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829223037/http://www.inquirer.net/specialreports/redcrossabduction/view.php?db=1&article=20090117-183958 |archivedate=29 August 2012 |df=dmy-all }}
113. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/regions/174394/gunmen-seize-irish-priest-in-pagadian-city/story/|title=Gunmen seize Irish priest in Pagadian City|work=GMA Online|date=12 October 2009|accessdate=4 February 2018}}
114. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/11/kidnapped-priest-michael-sinnott-freed|title=Kidnapped Irish priest Michael Sinnott freed in Philippines|work=The Guardian|date=12 November 2009|accessdate=4 February 2018}}
115. ^{{cite news|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/44787/irish-priest-who-survived-kidnapping-by-abu-sayyaf-returning-to-native-land|title=Irish priest who survived kidnapping by Abu Sayyaf returning to native land|work=Inquirer.net|date=19 July 2012|accessdate=4 February 2018}}
116. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2009/1111/124112-sinnottm/|title=Fr Michael Sinnott freed|work=RTE|date=12 November 2009|accessdate=4 February 2018}}
117. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.rappler.com/thought-leaders/24580-the-men-rodwell-leaves-behind-with-the-abu-sayyaf|title=The men Rodwell leaves behind with the Abu Sayyaf|work=Rappler|date=22 August 2013|accessdate=4 February 2018}}
118. ^{{cite news|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/165123/japanese-still-a-hostage-not-abu-sayyaf-cook-academics-say|title=Japanese still a hostage, not Abu Sayyaf cook, academics say|work=Inquirer Mindanao|date=21 March 2012|accessdate=4 February 2018}}
119. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/manila-times/20120518/281698316783318|title=Kidnapped Malaysian gecko trader freed in Sulu village - PressReader|work=Manila Times|date=18 May 2012|accessdate=4 February 2018}}
120. ^{{cite web|url= http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/17453/indian-man-kidnapped-in-philippines%E2%80%94police|title=Indian man kidnapped in Philippines—police|publisher=Inquirer.net|date=23 June 2011|accessdate=8 February 2018}}
121. ^{{cite web|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/Escaped-Biju-Kolara-Veetil-recounts-Philippines-horror/articleshow/15453267.cms|title=Escaped Biju Kolara Veetil recounts Philippines horror|publisher=Times of India|date=12 August 2012|accessdate=8 February 2018}}
122. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2082514/Warren-Rodwell-begs-life-kidnapped-Philippines-rebels.html|title=Warren Rodwell begs for life after being kidnapped by Philippines rebels - Daily Mail Online|work=Mail Online|location=London|date=5 January 2012|accessdate=13 November 2014}}
123. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cambridgescholars.com/472-days-captive-of-the-abu-sayyaf|title=Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 472 Days Captive of the Abu Sayyaf|publisher=Cambridge Scholars|accessdate=18 July 2015}}
124. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/24/world/asia/kidnapped-australian-is-freed-in-southern-philippines.html?_r=0 | work=The New York Times | first=Floyd | last=Whaley | title=Kidnapped Australian Is Freed in Southern Philippines | date=23 March 2013}}
125. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.australiaplus.com/international/2014-08-17/hostage-survivor-warren-rodwell-tells-of-hunger-sickness-during-472-days-held-captive-by-muslim-mili/1357650#sthash.y7YS7Sg8.dpuf|title=Hostage survivor Warren Rodwell tells of hunger, sickness during 472 days held captive by Muslim militants|publisher=Australia Plus|accessdate=13 November 2014}}
126. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-21908572|title=BBC News - Abu Sayyaf release Australian hostage Warren Rodwell|newspaper=BBC News|accessdate=13 November 2014|date=2013-03-23}}
127. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/national/warren-rodwell-tells-of-how-he-survived-as-a-hostage-in-the-philippines/story-fncynjr2-1227086662367|title=Warren Rodwell tells of how he survived as a hostage in the Philippines - News Corp Online|work=News.com.au Online|date=11 October 2014|accessdate=23 December 2014}}
128. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/national/hours-from-being-beheaded-hostage-warren-rodwell-is-coming-home-to-australia/story-fncvk70o-1226604508704|title=Hours from being beheaded, hostage Warren Rodwell is coming home to Australia |work=The Daily Telegraph March 24, 2013|accessdate=26 February 2015}}
129. ^Current events/2012 January 5
130. ^{{cite web|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/69947/abu-sayyaf-bandits-free-aussie-for-p7m/#ixzz3SdoZNEmm|title=Abu Sayyaf bandits free Aussie for P7M|work=Global Nation Inquirer March 24, 2013|accessdate=24 February 2015}}
131. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/kidnappers-send-photos-showing-rodwell-still-alive-20120102-1pieg.html|title=Kidnappers send photos showing Rodwell still alive|work=Sydney Morning Herald January 3, 2012|accessdate=24 February 2015}}
132. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/kidnap-blackout-unwise-expert-20111211-1oprq.html|title=Kidnap blackout unwise: expert|work=Sydney Morning Herald December 12, 2011|accessdate=24 February 2015}}
133. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/kidnapped-australian-warren-rodwell-freed-by-philippines-terrorists-after-15-months-20130322-2gm30.html|title=Kidnapped Australian Warren Rodwell freed by Philippines terrorists after 15 months|publisher= Sydney Morning Herald 23 March 2013|accessdate=21 February 2015}}
134. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/national/former-philippines-terrorist-hostage-warren-rodwells-family-joy/story-fncynjr2-1226605491248|title=Freed hostage Warren Rodwell says he is overwhelmed and grateful for support|work=NewsComAu|accessdate=18 July 2015|date=26 March 2013}}
135. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/kidnapped-australian-warren-rodwell-freed-by-philippines-terrorists-after-15-months-20130322-2gm30.html|title=Kidnapped Australian Warren Rodwell freed by Philippines terrorists after 15 months|publisher=Sydney Morning Herald|date=23 March 2013|accessdate=21 February 2015}}
136. ^{{cite web|url=http://video.au.msn.com/watch/video/472-days-in-captivity/x2mfhai?cpkey=d977c3f7-ec0b-4b03-a871-c20bd9b36189%257c%257c%257c%257c|title=Video - msn Australia, with Outlook.com, Skype, and news|publisher=MSN|accessdate=13 November 2014}}
137. ^{{cite web|url=http://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2013/bc_mr_130323.html|title=Warren Rodwell|author=Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade|publisher=|accessdate=13 November 2014}}
138. ^{{cite news|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/612248/2-suspected-abu-sayyaf-men-believed-to-belong-to-bandits-notorious-faction|title=2 suspected Abu Sayyaf men believed to belong to bandits' notorious faction|author=Liza Jocson|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=18 June 2014|accessdate=29 April 2017}}
139. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/officials-seek-negotiator-for-talks-with-kidnappers-20111215-1owyq.html|title=Officials seek negotiator for talks with kidnappers|work=Inquirer.net|accessdate=21 March 2017}}
140. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mindanaoexaminer.com/news.php?news_id=20150116224746|title=Mindanao Examiner - Warren Rodwell kidnapper arrested in Zamboanga province|accessdate=20 January 2015}}
141. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/kidnap-leader-arrested-in-zamboanga-sibugay/281241/|title=Kidnap leader arrested in Zamboanga Sibugay|work=RTE|date=21 August 2016|accessdate=4 February 2018}}
142. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/regions/04/17/15/nbi-files-charges-vs-abu-bandits-gensan-bombing|title=Media Release: NBI files charges vs Abu bandits for Gensan bombing|publisher=ABS-CBN News|date=17 April 2015|access-date=16 August 2015}}
143. ^{{cite web|url=http://pnp.gov.ph/portal/index.php/press-news-releases/more-media-news/39-national-headquarters/2615-ex-cop-arrested-in-malaysia-for-kidnapping-of-australian-national|title=Media Release: EX-COP ARRESTED IN MALAYSIA FOR KIDNAPPING OF AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL|publisher=PNP-AKG Press Release|date=18 May 2015|access-date=19 May 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713201705/http://pnp.gov.ph/portal/index.php/press-news-releases/more-media-news/39-national-headquarters/2615-ex-cop-arrested-in-malaysia-for-kidnapping-of-australian-national|archivedate=13 July 2015|df=dmy-all}}
144. ^{{cite news|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/961363/australian-kidnap-victim-seeks-case-transfer|title=Australian kidnap victim seeks case transfer|work=Inquirer.net|access-date=19 January 2018}}
145. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.zamboangatimes.ph/top-news/15773-suspect-in-2012-aussie-kidnapping-in-ipil-nabbed.html|title=Suspect in 2012 Aussie kidnapping in Ipil nabbed|publisher= Zamboanga Times 14 Aug 2015|accessdate=16 August 2015}}
146. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/zamboanga/local-news/2015/08/13/abu-sayyafs-ransom-courier-falls-424436|title=Abu Sayyafs' ransom courier falls|publisher=Sun Star Zamboanga|date=13 August 2015|access-date=16 August 2015}}
147. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/kidnap-leader-arrested-in-zamboanga-sibugay/281241|title=Kidnap leader arrested in Zamboanga Sibugay|publisher=The Manila Times|date=21 August 2016|accessdate=23 August 2016}}
148. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/abu-sayyaf-leader-shot-dead-in-sabah-report|title=Abu Sayyaf leader shot dead in Sabah: Report|publisher=The Straits Times|date=1 March 2018|access-date=2 March 2018}}
149. ^{{cite news|url=https://mindanaoexaminer.com/notorious-sayyaf-leader-who-escaped-basilan-is-slain-in-sabah-clash/|title=Notorious Sayyaf leader who escaped Basilan is slain in Sabah clash|publisher=Mindanao Examiner|date=1 March 2018|access-date=2 March 2018}}
150. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/killed-sayyaf-leader-surrenders-in-basilan/389139//|title='Killed' Sayyaf leader surrenders in Basilan|publisher=Manila Times|date=29 March 2018|access-date=13 April 2018}}
151. ^{{cite news|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/979893/talk-to-abu-sayyaf-australian-kidnap-victim-urges-govt|title= Talk to Abu Sayyaf, Australian kidnap victim urges gov't|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=4 April 2018|access-date=13 April 2018}}
152. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-30358073|title=Swiss hostages escapes Abu Sayyaf captors in Philippines|newspaper=BBC News|date=6 December 2014|accessdate=29 January 2018}}
153. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2863341/Swiss-photographer-held-hostage-Islamist-extremists-two-years-escapes-grabbing-machete-cutting-captor-s-throat-dramatic-break-freedom.html|title=Swiss photographer held hostage by Islamist extremists for two years escapes by grabbing machete and cutting captor's throat in dramatic break for freedom|publisher=Daily Mail Australia|date=6 December 2014|accessdate=29 January 2018}}
154. ^{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/09/philippine-militancy-in-the-spotlight-with-freed-norwegian-hostage/|title=Philippine Militancy in the Spotlight with Freed Norwegian Hostage|publisher=The Diplomat by Luke Hunt |date=20 September 2016|accessdate=29 January 2018}}
155. ^{{cite news|url= http://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2015/10/suspect-in-dipolog-kidnapping-was-nabbed-in-2013-for-kidnapping/|title=Suspect in Dipolog kidnapping was nabbed in 2013 for kidnapping|publisher=MindaNews|date=11 October 2015|accessdate=8 February 2018}}
156. ^{{cite news|url= http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/302446/town-mayor-from-zamboanga-del-norte-freed-after-p1-3m-ransom|title=Town mayor from Zamboanga del Norte freed after P1.3M ransom|publisher=Inquirer.net|date=6 November 2012|accessdate=8 February 2018}}
157. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.philstar.com:8080/nation/2016/06/13/1592224/suspect-ex-priests-kidnap-falls|title=Suspect in ex-priest's kidnap falls|publisher=The Star|date=13 June 2016|accessdate=8 February 2018}}
158. ^{{cite web|url=http://pro9.pnp.gov.ph/index.php/public-relations/news-release/485-chinese-kidnap-victim-freed-in-sibugay|title=CHINESE KIDNAP VICTIM FREED IN SIBUGAY|publisher=Philippine National Police|date=6 November 2014|accessdate=2 February 2018}}
159. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2014/11/4-charged-for-chinese-businessmans-kidnap-in-zambo-sibugay/|title=4 charged for Chinese businessman's kidnap in Zambo Sibugay|publisher=MindaNews|date=7 November 2014|accessdate=2 February 2018}}
160. ^{{cite news|url= http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2015/11/02/1517439/kidnapped-korean-found-dead-sulu|title=Kidnapped Korean found dead in Sulu|work=The Philippine Star|accessdate=30 January 2018|date=2 November 2015}}
161. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://philexaminer.com/?p=2089|title=Korean kidnap victim found dead in Jolo - The Philippine Examiner|work=The Philippine Examiner|date=November 2015}}
162. ^{{cite news|url= https://www.rappler.com/nation/111350-korean-victim-nwi-seong-hong-found-dead|title=Korean kidnap victim found dead in Sulu|work=Rappler|accessdate=30 January 2018|date=1 November 2015}}
163. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/22/gunmen-abduct-two-canadian-tourists-from-southern-philippines-resort|title=Canadian tourists among four abducted by gunmen at Philippines resort|work=Reuters|publisher=The Guardian|date=22 September 2015|accessdate=22 September 2016}}
164. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/hostage-philippines-ridsdel-militants-1.3551416|title=Family devastated after John Ridsdel killed by captors in Philippine|publisher=CBC|date=25 April 2016|accessdate=25 April 2016}}
165. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/world/pm-outraged-by-killing-of-canadian-in-philippines-1.2873288|title=PM 'outraged' by killing of Canadian in Philippines|author=Josh Dehaas|publisher=CTV News|date=25 April 2016|accessdate=25 April 2016}}
166. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/canadian-government-was-very-directly-involved-in-negotiating-for-john-ridsdel-bob-rae-says|title=Canadian government was 'very directly involved' helping John Ridsdel's family: Bob Rae|publisher=National Post|accessdate=30 July 2016|date=2016-04-26}}
167. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.zerocensorship.com/t/uncensored-philippines-news/261818-isis-affiliate-abu-sayyaf-beheading-execution-of-canadian-john-ridsdel-in-the-philippines-video|title=WATCH: ISIS Pledged Terror Group Abu Sayyaf Beheading Execution Of Canadian Hostage John Ridsdel - Video|publisher=Zero Censorship|accessdate=30 July 2016}}
168. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2016/05/03/terror-group-releases-video-of-canadian-hostage-s-beheading-in-the-philippines_n_9828928.html|title=John Ridsdel Death: Militants Release Video Of Canadian Hostage's Beheading In Philippines|work=The Canadian Press|publisher=The Huffington Post|date=3 May 2016|accessdate=3 May 2016}}
169. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/world/we-will-behead-this-all-anytime-full-transcript-of-new-abu-sayyaf-video-showing-three-hostages|title='We will behead this all anytime': Full transcript of new Abu Sayyaf video showing three hostages|publisher=National Post|accessdate=30 July 2016|date=2016-05-03}}
170. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/canadian-hostage-dies-on-june-13-unless-16-million-ransom-paid-filipino-terrorist-group-abu-sayyaf-says|title=Canadian hostage dies on June 13 unless $16 million ransom paid, says Filipino terrorist group Abu Sayyaf|publisher=National Post|accessdate=30 July 2016|date=2016-05-16}}
171. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-06-14/canada-government-believes-abu-sayyaf-hostage-has-been-killed/7507028|title=Philippines confirms execution of Canadian hostage Robert Hall by Abu Sayyaf|publisher=ABC News|date=13 June 2016|accessdate=30 July 2016}}
172. ^{{cite web|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/regional/2016/06/24/Abu-Sayyaf-frees-Filipina-hostage.html|title=Abu Sayyaf frees Filipina hostage|publisher=CNN Philippines|date=24 June 2016|accessdate=30 July 2016}}
173. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/09/abu-sayyaf-frees-norwegian-hostage-kjartan-sekkingstad-160917112112583.html|title=Abu Sayyaf frees Norwegian hostage Kjartan Sekkingstad|publisher=Al Jazeera|accessdate=19 September 2016}}
174. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-09/former-italian-priest-freed-by-aby-sayaf-militants/7313488|title=Abu Sayaf militants release former Italian priest Rolando Del Torchio from captivity in Philippines|work=ABC News Australia|date=9 April 2016|accessdate=4 February 2018}}
175. ^1 {{cite news | title= Abu Sayyaf kidnappings, bombings and other attacks | url= http://www.gmanews.tv/story/154797/abu-sayyaf-kidnappings-bombings-and-other-attacks | work= GMA News | date= 23 August 2007 | accessdate =22 March 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100422202244/http://www.gmanews.tv/story/154797/abu-sayyaf-kidnappings-bombings-and-other-attacks| archivedate= 22 April 2010 | deadurl= no}}
176. ^{{cite web|url=http://jmcim.org|title=jmcim.org|publisher=|accessdate=13 November 2014}}
177. ^{{cite news|author=Freeman Washington|url=http://www.cdnn.info/news/industry/i000910.html|title=Abu Sayyaf Muslim rebels raped Sipadan dive tourist hostages| newspaper=cdnn.info |date=10 September 2000 |accessdate=23 March 2010}}
178. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/898190.stm |title=BBC news.uk |publisher=BBC News |date=28 August 2000 |accessdate=3 April 2012}}
179. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cdnn.info/special-report/sipadan/sipadan_timeline.html |title=Sipadan Timeline |publisher=cdnn.info |accessdate=3 April 2012}}
180. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.diigo.com/item/note/27gb8/g9nm|title=Note : August 10, 2000, Philippine Daily Inquirer, Source says some groups took cuts on P9-M payoff, by Donna S. Cueto|publisher=|accessdate=18 July 2015}}
181. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.emirates247.com/news/pom-pom-island-tourist-killed-wife-kidnapped-2013-11-16-1.528227|title=Pom Pom Island: Tourist killed, wife kidnapped|publisher=Emirates 24/7|date=16 November 2013|accessdate=6 April 2014}}
182. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20131222000063&cid=1101 |title=Militant group Abu Sayyaf behind Taiwanese woman's kidnapping |publisher=Want China Times |date=22 December 2013 |accessdate=6 April 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031041945/http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20131222000063&cid=1101 |archivedate=31 October 2014 |df=dmy}}
183. ^{{cite web |url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201312230032.aspx |publisher=Focus Taiwan|title=Kidnapping victim thanks helper for securing release |accessdate=7 June 2014}}
184. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/article/1387187/abducted-taiwanese-woman-evelyn-chang-found-southern-philippines|publisher= South China Morning Post|title= Abducted Taiwanese woman Evelyn Chang found in Southern Philippines |accessdate=7 June 2014|date= 2013-12-20}}
185. ^{{cite news |last= Lewis|first= Leo|date= 5 April 2014|title= Snatched Tourist Faces Torment in Jungle|url= http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/asia/article4054851.ece |newspaper= The Times of London|location= |publisher= |accessdate= 7 June 2014}}
186. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/12/20/semporna-kidnap-taiwanese-rescued-pom-pom-island-resort.aspx/|title=Semporna kidnap: Rescued - Taiwanese tourist kidnapped from Pom Pom island resort (Update)|publisher=The Star|date=20 December 2013|accessdate=6 April 2014|author=Farik Zolkepli}}
187. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/04/04/semporna-kidnappers-also-involved-pompom-sipadan/|title=Semporna resort kidnap: Abductors also involved in Pom-Pom and Sipadan incidents, says Esscom chief|publisher=The Star|date=4 April 2014|accessdate=6 April 2014|author=Muguntan Vanar}}
188. ^{{cite web|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/101571/filipino-resort-worker-chinese-tourist-abducted-in-malaysia|title=Abu Sayyaf men abduct 2 in Malaysia–officials|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=3 April 2014|accessdate=6 April 2014}}
189. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/04/03/Semporna-kidnapping-Semporna/|title=Two abducted from resort off Semporna|publisher=The Star|date=3 April 2014|accessdate=6 April 2014|author=Muguntan Vanar}}
190. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/kidnapped-tourist-resort/1130660.html |title=Kidnapped tourist, resort worker rescued in Malaysia |publisher=Channel NewsAsia |date=31 May 2014 |accessdate=31 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531173414/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/kidnapped-tourist-resort/1130660.html |archivedate=31 May 2014}}
191. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia-pacific/2014/05/women-abducted-from-malaysian-resort-released-2014530225216382478.html|title=Women abducted from Malaysian resort released|publisher=Al Jazeera English|date=31 May 2014|accessdate=31 May 2014}}
192. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2014/05/06/another-kidnap-in-sabah/|title=Another abduction in Sabah|publisher=Free Malaysia Today|date=6 May 2014|accessdate=31 May 2014}}
193. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/05/08/Hostage-search-called-off-Officials-get-reports-that-Chinese-national-has-been-taken-to-Jolo/|title=Officials get reports that Chinese national has been taken to Jolo|author1=Muguntan Vanar|author2=Stephanie Lee|publisher=The Star|date=8 May 2014|accessdate=31 May 2014}}
194. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/07/11/Man-freed-after-63-days-in-captivity-Msian-negotiators-rescue-fish-farm-manager-from-Abu-Sayyaf-gunm/|title=Malaysian negotiators rescue fish farm manager from Abu Sayyaf gunmen|author1=Ruben Sario|author2=Stephanie Lee|publisher=The Star|date=11 July 2014|accessdate=12 July 2014}}
195. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1082281|title=Two more kidnapped in Sabah|publisher=The Sun|date=16 June 2014|accessdate=17 June 2014|author=Charles Ramendran and Bernard Cheah}}
196. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/06/16/kunak-kidnap-victim-yells-abductors-not-to-disturb-wife/|title=Kunak kidnap: "Don't disturb my wife. I will follow you"|publisher=The Star|work=Bernama|date=16 June 2014|accessdate=17 June 2014}}
197. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/news/asia/south-east-asia/story/fish-farm-worker-manages-escape-armed-kidnappers-sabah-20140616|title=Fish farm worker manages to escape armed kidnappers in Sabah|publisher=The Straits Times|work=The Star/Asia News Network|date=16 June 2014|accessdate=17 June 2014}}
198. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=90074|title=Hostage who escaped sought|publisher=Daily Express|date=18 June 2014|accessdate=21 June 2014}}
199. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/06/20/Kidnappers-contact-fish-breeders-wife-No-ransom-demand-was-made/|title=Kidnappers contact fish breeder's wife|publisher=The Star|date=20 June 2014|accessdate=21 June 2014}}
200. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1264262|title=Fish breeder released by Abu Sayyaf|publisher=The Sun|date=10 December 2014|accessdate=11 December 2014}}
201. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/06/22/Muktadir-kin-mastermind-behind-kidnaps-Sources-Brothers-sell-hostages-to-Abu-Sayyaf/|title=Muktadir kin - mastermind behind kidnaps?|author1=PK Katharason|author2=Muguntan Vanar|author3=Ruben Sario|author4=Stephanie Lee|author5=Philip Golingai|publisher=The Star|date=22 June 2014|accessdate=22 June 2014}}
202. ^{{cite web|url=http://m.thesundaily.my/node/397360|title=Philippines: Two militants linked to sailor abductions killed|publisher=The Sun|date=27 September 2016|accessdate=27 September 2016}}
203. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/09/28/kidnap-group-leaders-killed-muktadil-brothers-gunned-down-in-surprise-raid-on-sulu-island/|title=Muktadil Brothers gunned down in surprise raid on Sulu island|author1=Muguntan Vanar|author2=Stephanie Lee|publisher=The Star|date=28 September 2016|accessdate=3 October 2016}}
204. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/09/30/last-of-muktadil-brothers-killed-badong-found-dead-after-military-shootout/|title=Last of Muktadil brothers killed|author=Muguntan Vanar|publisher=The Star|date=30 September 2016|accessdate=3 October 2016}}
205. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/05/16/kidnapping-incident-in-sabah-recurs/|title=Kidnapping incident in Sabah recurs|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=16 May 2015|accessdate=16 May 2015}}
206. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/487930/news/regions/police-abu-sayyaf-linked-to-sabah-kidnap|title=Police: Abu Sayyaf linked to Sabah kidnap|publisher=GMA News|date=15 May 2015|accessdate=16 May 2015}}
207. ^{{cite web|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/130670/sabah-hostage-released-by-abu-sayyaf-gunmen|title=Sabah hostage released by Abu Sayyaf gunmen|work=The Star/Asia News Network|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=9 November 2015|accessdate=9 November 2015}}
208. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/abu-sayyaf-releases-thien-nyuk-fun-one-of-two-malaysians-taken-from-sabah-restaurant|title=Abu Sayyaf releases Thien Nyuk Fun, one of two Malaysians taken from Sabah restaurant|work=The Straits Times|date=9 November 2015|accessdate=5 February 2018}}
209. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/11/17/Bernard-then-killed-abu-sayyaf/|title=Malaysian hostage Bernard Then beheaded|author1=Muguntan Vanar|author2=Stephanie Lee|publisher=The Star|date=17 November 2015|accessdate=18 November 2015}}
210. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/11/17/Bernard-Then-beheading-ransom-not-met/|title=Demand for higher ransom led to beheading|publisher=The Star|date=17 November 2015|accessdate=18 November 2015}}
211. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/11/17/bernard-then-killed-abu-sayyaf/|title=Malaysian hostage Bernard Then beheaded|work=The Star Online|date=17 November 2015|accessdate=5 February 2018}}
212. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/columnists/one-mans-meat/2015/11/21/why-bernard-then-was-beheaded/|title=Why Bernard Then was beheaded|work=The Star Online|date=21 November 2015|accessdate=5 February 2018}}
213. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-militants/philippine-militants-free-two-german-hostages-idUSKCN0I607S20141017|title=Philippine militants free two German hostages|newspaper=Reuters|date=17 October 2014|accessdate=29 January 2018}}
214. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.marinelink.com/news/indonesian-hostages408407.aspx|title=Ship Owner to Pay Ransom for Indonesian Hostages|date=2016-04-20|work=MarineLink|access-date=2018-01-29|language=en}}
215. ^{{cite news | title = 10 Indonesian sailors kidnapped in the Philippines | author = Ray Sanchez | work = CNN | date = 29 March 2016 | url = http://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/29/asia/philippines-indonesia-sailors-hostage/}}
216. ^{{cite news | title = Ship Owner to Pay Ransom for Indonesian Hostages | author = Aiswarya Lakshmi | work = MarineLink.com | date = 20 April 2016 | url = http://www.marinelink.com/news/indonesian-hostages408407.aspx}}
217. ^{{cite news | title = 10 Indonesian hostages released by Islamist militant group, president says | author = Tim Hume and Kathy Quiano | work = CNN | date = 2 May 2016 | url = http://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/01/asia/indonesia-philippines-abu-sayyaf-hostages/}}
218. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/04/03/four-sarawakians-kidnapped/|title=Four Sarawakians kidnapped|author1=Nancy Lai|author2=Margaret Ringgit|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=3 April 2016|accessdate=3 April 2016}}
219. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/4-malaysians-released-by/2854376.html|title=4 Malaysians released by Abu Sayyaf: Philippine military|publisher=Channel NewsAsia|date=8 June 2016|accessdate=15 June 2016}}
220. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.okezone.com/read/2016/04/16/337/1364473/kapal-indonesia-kembali-dibajak-4-wni-diculik-1-ditembak|title=Kapal Indonesia Kembali Dibajak, 4 WNI Diculik & 1 Ditembak|author=Arief Setyadi|language=Indonesian|publisher=Okezone|date=16 April 2016|accessdate=16 April 2016}}
221. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/05/12/abu-sayyaf-releases-four-remaining-ri-hostages.html|title=Abu Sayyaf releases four remaining RI hostages|author1=Ina Parlina|author2=Tama Salim|publisher=The Jakarta Post|date=12 May 2016|accessdate=13 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513122712/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/05/12/abu-sayyaf-releases-four-remaining-ri-hostages.html|archivedate=13 May 2016|deadurl=yes}}
222. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=109710|title=Filipinos in Sabah urge Duterte: Help free hostages|publisher=Daily Express|date=13 May 2016|accessdate=13 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513123353/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=109710|archivedate=13 May 2016|deadurl=yes}}
223. ^{{cite web|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/792201/abu-kidnappers-seize-7-indonesians|title=Abu kidnappers seize 7 Indonesians|author=Estrella Torres|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=24 June 2016|accessdate=10 July 2016}}
224. ^{{cite web|url=http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/news/armed-men-kidnap-three-indonesians-off-sabah-coast/|title=Armed Men Kidnap Three Indonesians Off Sabah Coast|publisher=Jakarta Globe|date=10 July 2016|accessdate=10 July 2016}}
225. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nst.com.my/news/2016/09/174118/three-indonesians-abducted-sabah-waters-freed-militant-abu-sayyaf-group?|title=Three Indonesians abducted in Sabah waters freed by militant Abu Sayyaf group|work=Reuters|publisher=New Straits Times|date=18 September 2016|accessdate=18 September 2016}}
226. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/5-malaysian-crewmen/2969950.html|title=5 Malaysian crewmen kidnapped by Abu Sayyaf: Philippine official|publisher=Channel NewsAsia|date=20 July 2016|accessdate=26 July 2016}}
227. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/106126/govt-confirms-one-more-indonesian-abducted-in-malaysian-water|title=Govt confirms one more Indonesian abducted in Malaysian water|author=Heru|publisher=Antara|date=7 August 2016|accessdate=11 August 2016}}
228. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/mobile/world/second-indonesian-sailor-manages-to-escape-abu-sayyaf-captors-1.3033492|title=Second Indonesian sailor manages to escape Abu Sayyaf captors|author=Teresa Cerojano|work=The Associated Press|publisher=CTV News|date=18 August 2016|accessdate=4 September 2016}}
229. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.sg/filipino-militants-kidnap-three-fishermen-sabah-waters-3217|title=Filipino militants kidnap three fishermen in Sabah waters|author=Samhati Bhattacharjya|publisher=International Business Times|date=11 September 2016|accessdate=12 September 2016}}
230. ^{{cite web|url=http://m.thesundaily.my/node/393969|title=Gunmen kidnaps 3 Filipino fishermen near Pulau Pom Pom|author=Charles Ramendran|publisher=The Sun|date=11 September 2016|accessdate=12 September 2016}}
231. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rappler.com/world/regions/asia-pacific/indonesia/bahasa/englishedition/147049-abu-sayyaf-hostage-release|title=Another Indonesian hostage released by the Abu Sayyaf|author1=Carmela Fonbuena|author2=Natashya Gutierrez|work=Agence France-Presse|publisher=Rappler|date=22 September 2016|accessdate=25 September 2016}}
232. ^{{cite web|url=http://m.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/police-believe-filipino-group-raided-sabah-twice-in-same-night|title=Police believe Filipino group raided Sabah twice in same night|publisher=The Malay Mail|date=28 September 2016|accessdate=28 September 2016}}
233. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/10/01/pulau-gaya-kidnap-victim-freed/|title=Fishing boat owner freed by Filipino abductors|author=Muguntan Vanar|publisher=The Star|date=1 October 2016|accessdate=2 October 2016}}
234. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/10/03/asia-pacific/abu-sayyaf-frees-indonesia-tugboat-trio-three-months-captivity/|title=Abu Sayyaf frees Indonesia tugboat trio after three months in captivity|work=Associated Press|publisher=The Japan Times|date=3 October 2016|accessdate=2 October 2016}}
235. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2016/10/21/abu-sayyaf-attacks-s-korean-ship-abducts-skipper-crewman.html|title=Abu Sayyaf attacks S. Korean ship, abducts skipper, crewman|work=The Associated Press|publisher=Fox News|date=21 October 2016|accessdate=23 October 2016}}
236. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nst.com.my/news/2016/11/186536/report-german-kidnapped-girlfriend-killed-abu-sayyaf-storm-yacht-sabah-waters|title=Report: German kidnapped, girlfriend killed as Abu Sayyaf storm yacht off Sabah waters|author=Awang Ali Omar|publisher=New Straits Times|date=7 November 2016|accessdate=7 November 2016}}
237. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/587769/news/regions/asg-claims-abducting-german-off-sabah|title=[Female companion found dead in Sulu] ASG claims abducting German off Sabah|publisher=GMA News|date=7 November 2016|accessdate=7 November 2016}}
238. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thelocal.de/20170227/german-hostage-beheaded-by-philippine-islamists|title=German sailor beheaded by Philippine Islamists|publisher=GMA News|date=27 February 2017|accessdate=29 January 2018}}
239. ^{{cite web|url=http://tuoitrenews.vn/society/37957/6-vietnamese-abducted-in-attack-on-cargo-ship-off-philippines|title=6 Vietnamese abducted in attack on cargo ship off Philippines|publisher=Tuổi Trẻ|date=11 November 2016|accessdate=7 November 2016}}
240. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/world/2016/11/20/philippines-tries-to-intercept-bandits-as-more-indonesians-snatched-at-sea/|title=Philippines tries to intercept bandits as more fishermen snatched off Sabah|author1=Manuel Mogato|author2=Martin Petty|author3=Kim Coghill|work=Reuters|publisher=The Star|date=20 November 2016|accessdate=20 November 2016}}
241. ^{{Cite news|url=http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN0XW0O7|title=Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia to coordinate against militant pirates|author1=Budi Satriawan|author2=Manuel Mogato|author3=Fergus Jensen|author4=Robert Birsel|newspaper=Reuters|date=5 May 2016|accessdate=6 May 2016}}
242. ^{{cite web|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/146016/philippines-indonesia-malaysia-agree-on-joint-air-patrols|title=Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia agree on joint air patrols|author=Francis Mangosing|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=3 October 2016|accessdate=3 October 2016}}
243. ^{{cite news | last =Gomez | first =Jim | title = Abu Sayyaf got $7.3 million from kidnappings | publisher =The Washington Post | date = 27 October 2016 | url =https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/apnewsbreak-abu-sayyaf-got-7-million-from-kidnappings/2016/10/27/2e93a898-9c19-11e6-b552-b1f85e484086_story.html | accessdate = 27 October 2016}}
244. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/20/how-abu-sayyaf-the-islamist-terror-gang-made-a-business-out-of-b/|title=How Abu Sayyaf makes a business of beheadings as Islamist terror gang releases 'final message' hostage video|author=Philip Sherwell|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=23 May 2016|accessdate=30 July 2016}}
245. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/philippines/1336482/Philippines-rebel-kidnappers-behead-nine-Christian-hostages.html|title=Philippines rebel kidnappers behead nine Christian hostages|author=Alex Spillius|publisher=The Telegraph|date=5 August 2001|accessdate=29 July 2016}}
246. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/aug/22/alqaida.terrorism|title=Jehovah's Witnesses beheaded in Philippines|newspaper=The Guardian|date=22 August 2002|accessdate=29 July 2016}}
247. ^1 {{cite web|last=Rommel C. Banlaoi |title=Maritime Terrorism in Southeast Asia: The Abu Sayyaf Threat |url=http://www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/f54ece77-3d67-4c32-bfaa-02b476a569d8/Maritime-Terrorism-in-Southeast-Asia--The-Abu-Sayy |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920113008/http://www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/f54ece77-3d67-4c32-bfaa-02b476a569d8/Maritime-Terrorism-in-Southeast-Asia--The-Abu-Sayy |archivedate=20 September 2011 }}
248. ^{{cite web|last=Rommel C. Banlaoi|title=Abu Sayyaf Group: Threat of Maritime Piracy and Terrorism|url=http://www.ppl.nl/plinklet/?sid=bibliographies&ppn=302372067&genre=bookitem&issn=&isbn=0415953200&title=The%20Abu%20Sayyaf%20Group%20:%20Threat%20of%20Maritime%20Piracy%20and%20Terrorism%20/%20Rommel%20C.%20Banlaoi&aulast=Banlaoi&aufirst=Rommel%20C.&au2last=&au2first=&au3last=&au3first=&edlast=&edfirst=&ed2last=&ed2first=&ed3last=&ed3first=&source=Violence%20at%20Sea%20:%20Piracy%20in%20the%20Age%20of%20Global%20Terrorism%20/%20ed.%20by%20Peter%20Lehr&year=2007&volume=&issue=&spage=121-137&bibliography=terrorism&table=terrorism&download=N&scharnier=&extensie=&id=14903&url=}}
249. ^{{cite book|last=Banlaoi|first=Rommel|title=Philippine Security in the Age of Terror|year=2010|publisher=CRC Press Taylor and Francis|location=New York and London|isbn=978-1-4398-1550-2|pages=1–358}}
250. ^{{cite web|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/813881/davao-blast-suspect-identified-bato-says|title=Davao blast suspect identified, Bato says|author=Julliane Love de Jesus|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=8 September 2016|accessdate=8 September 2016|quote=Victims: 40 died and 70 injured.}}
251. ^{{cite web|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/09/13/pregnant-davao-bombing-victim-dies-in-hospital-death-toll-rises-15.html|title=Pregnant Davao bombing victim dies in hospital; death toll rises to 15|author=Ben O. Tesiorna|publisher=CNN Philippines|date=13 September 2016|accessdate=13 September 2016}}
252. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/philippines-rodrigo-duterte-issues-wipe-out-order-against-abu-sayyaf-20160831-gr59dw.html|title=Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte issues 'wipe out' order against Abu Sayyaf|author=Lindsay Murdoch|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=31 August 2016|accessdate=4 September 2016}}
253. ^{{cite web|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/09/02/AFP-vs-Abu-Sayyaf.html|title=AFP taps 7,000-strong force vs. Abu Sayyaf|author=Eimor P. Santos|publisher=CNN Philippines|date=2 September 2016|accessdate=4 September 2016}}
254. ^{{cite web|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/811993/abu-sayyaf-to-bring-fight-to-afp-doorstep|title=Abu Sayyaf to bring fight to AFP doorstep|author=Julie Alipala|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=2 September 2016|accessdate=4 September 2016}}
255. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/812066/army-pours-troops-into-pursuit-abus-ready-for-last-war|title=Army pours troops into pursuit; Abus ready for 'last war'|author1=Cynthia D. Balana|author2=Julie Alipala|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=2 September 2016|accessdate=4 September 2016}}
256. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/145045-abu-sayyaf-responsibility-davao-explosion|title=Abu Sayyaf claims responsibility for Davao blast – report|publisher=Rappler|date=3 September 2016|accessdate=4 September 2016}}
257. ^{{cite web|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/812451/abu-sayyaf-disowns-davao-explosion-says-ally-was-behind-attack|title=Abu Sayyaf disowns Davao explosion, says ally was behind attack|author1=Allan Nawal|author2=Julie Alipala|author3=Karlos Manlupig|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=2 September 2016|accessdate=4 September 2016}}
258. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/09/philippines-abu-sayyaf-blamed-attack-davao-city-160903025801696.html|title=Philippines: Abu Sayyaf blamed for attack in Davao City|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=3 September 2016|accessdate=4 September 2016}}
259. ^{{cite web|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/01/27/jolo-town-cathedral-explosion.html|title=Death toll in Jolo blasts lowered to 18|publisher=CNN Philippines|date=27 January 2019|accessdate=27 January 2019}}
260. ^{{cite web|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/01/27/19/military-eyes-abu-sayyaf-behind-twin-blasts-in-jolo|title=Military eyes Abu Sayyaf behind twin blasts in Jolo|publisher=ABS-CBN News|date=27 January 2019|accessdate=28 January 2019}}
261. ^{{cite web|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1078312/abu-sayyafs-ajang-ajang-faction-eyed-as-suspects-behind-jolo-blasts|title=Abu Sayyaf’s Ajang-Ajang faction eyed as suspects behind Jolo blasts|author=Frances Mangosing|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=28 January 2019|accessdate=28 January 2019}}
262. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/221802-plebiscite-results-sulu-votes-against-bangsamoro-law|title=Sulu rejects Bangsamoro law|author=Sofia Tomacruz|publisher=Rappler|date=24 January 2019|accessdate=28 January 2019}}
263. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://artsonline.monash.edu.au/gtrec/files/2012/08/gtrec-proceedings-2008-09-bob-east.pdf|title=The Abu Sayyaf in the Archipelago: Discrediting Islam. Abetting USA Foreign Policy|author=Bob East|publisher=Hartford Web Publishing|date=10 May 2000|accessdate=3 April 2016|page=196 (7/15)|format=PDF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403090208/http://artsonline.monash.edu.au/gtrec/files/2012/08/gtrec-proceedings-2008-09-bob-east.pdf|archivedate=3 April 2016|deadurl=yes}}
264. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.philstar.com/nation/2016/08/09/1611720/4-abu-sayyaf-killed-sulu-clash-mnlf|title=4 Abu Sayyaf killed in Sulu clash with MNLF|author=Roel Pareño|publisher=The Philippine Star|date=9 August 2016|accessdate=12 August 2016}}
265. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ucanews.com/news/christians-muslims-condemn-abu-sayyaf-beheading/79025|title=Christians, Muslims condemn Abu Sayyaf beheading|author=Darwin Wally Wee|publisher=UCA News|date=24 April 2017|accessdate=26 April 2016}}
266. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/politik/16/07/28/ob0m9l365-ade-komarudin-merasa-indonesia-terhina-oleh-kelompok-abu-sayyaf|title=Ade Komarudin Merasa Indonesia Terhina oleh Kelompok Abu Sayyaf|language=Indonesian|publisher=Republika Online|date=28 July 2016|accessdate=29 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729032112/http://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/politik/16/07/28/ob0m9l365-ade-komarudin-merasa-indonesia-terhina-oleh-kelompok-abu-sayyaf |archivedate=29 July 2016|deadurl=yes}}
267. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/news/protest-philippine-embassy-jakarta-hostage-crisis-worsens/|title=Protest at Philippine Embassy in Jakarta as Hostage Crisis Worsens|publisher=Jakarta Globe|accessdate=30 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730112832/http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/news/protest-philippine-embassy-jakarta-hostage-crisis-worsens/ |archivedate=30 July 2016|deadurl=yes}}
268. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.rappler.com/world/regions/asia-pacific/indonesia/bahasa/englishedition/139709-abu-sayyaf-duterte-sailors-rally|title='Go to hell Philippines': Indonesian workers ask Duterte to act on Abu Sayyaf kidnappings|author=Natashya Gutierrez|publisher=Rappler|date=14 July 2016|accessdate=26 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160726104854/http://www.rappler.com/world/regions/asia-pacific/indonesia/bahasa/englishedition/139709-abu-sayyaf-duterte-sailors-rally|archivedate=26 July 2016|deadurl=yes}}
269. ^{{cite web|url=http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/news/indonesian-military-not-needed-free-hostages-philippines/|title=Indonesian Military Not Needed to Free Hostages: the Philippines|publisher=Jakarta Globe|accessdate=26 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160726110152/http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/news/indonesian-military-not-needed-free-hostages-philippines/|archivedate=26 July 2016|deadurl=yes}}
270. ^{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1370&dat=19951215&id=ko0mAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1AoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2570,2778271|title=Sayyaf holds 3, not 2, hostages|publisher=Manila Standard|date=15 December 1995|accessdate=30 July 2016}}
271. ^{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1914&dat=20000504&id=hZ80AAAAIBAJ&sjid=WGoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1425,917375|title=4 hostages killed during rescue|publisher=Sun Journal|date=4 May 2000|accessdate=30 July 2016}}
272. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/575498/news/nation/abu-sayyaf-excluded-from-duterte-s-peace-initiatives|title=('NO TALKS WITH CRIMINALS') Abu Sayyaf excluded from Duterte's peace initiatives|author=Katharina Charmaine Alvarez|publisher=GMA News|date=28 July 2016|accessdate=30 July 2016}}
273. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.philstar.com/nation/226844/fil-am-accused-supplying-weapons-sayyaf-deported|title=Fil-Am accused of supplying weapons to Sayyaf deported|work=Associated Press|publisher=The Philippine Star|date=6 November 2003|accessdate=30 July 2016}}
274. ^{{cite web|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/801141/look-scout-rangers-gain-control-of-abu-sayyaf-position-in-basilan|title=LOOK: Scout Rangers gain control of Abu Sayyaf position in Basilan|author=Frances Mangosing|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=30 July 2016|accessdate=30 July 2016}}
275. ^{{cite web|url=http://mindanation.com/3885/troops-kill-11-abu-sayyaf-members/|title=Troops kill 11 Abu Sayyaf members|publisher=MINDANATION |date=26 August 2016|accessdate=26 August 2016}}
276. ^{{cite web|url=http://english.astroawani.com/malaysia-news/malaysia-philippines-establish-forward-base-border-112342|title=Malaysia, Philippines to establish forward base at border|author=Hafiz Marzukhi|date=28 July 2016|publisher=Astro Awani|accessdate=30 July 2016}}
277. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/105659/indonesia-malaysia-the-philippines-finalizing-sop-for-joint-patrols|title=Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines finalizing SOP for joint patrols|date=14 July 2016|publisher=Antara|accessdate=30 July 2016}}
278. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2016/07/14/qa-rethinking-indonesias-military-operation-in-southern-philippines.html|title=Q&A: Rethinking Indonesia's military operation in southern Philippines|author=Devina Heriyanto|publisher=The Jakarta Post|date=14 July 2016|accessdate=30 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730120228/http://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2016/07/14/qa-rethinking-indonesias-military-operation-in-southern-philippines.html |archivedate=30 July 2016|deadurl=yes}}
279. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/jakarta-proposes-3-nation-land-ops-against-abu-sayyaf|title=Jakarta proposes 3-nation land ops against Abu Sayyaf|publisher=The Straits Times|date=4 August 2016|accessdate=5 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805085624/http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/jakarta-proposes-3-nation-land-ops-against-abu-sayyaf |archivedate=5 August 2016|deadurl=yes}}
280. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/08/05/military-commanders-need-to-draft-joint-military-exercise-sop-gatot.html|title=Military commanders need to draft joint military exercise SOP: Gatot|author=Marguerite Afra Sapiie|publisher=The Jakarta Post|date=5 August 2016|accessdate=5 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805084910/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/08/05/military-commanders-need-to-draft-joint-military-exercise-sop-gatot.html |archivedate=5 August 2016|deadurl=yes}}
281. ^{{cite web|url=http://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/society/155953/vietnamese-ships-to-get-piracy-warnings.html |title=Vietnamese ships to get piracy warnings |work=Vietnam News Agency |publisher=Vietnam Net |date=4 May 2016 |accessdate=4 September 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904091135/http://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/society/155953/vietnamese-ships-to-get-piracy-warnings.html |archivedate=4 September 2016 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy}}
282. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/09/05/1620711/army-battalion-going-after-each-abu-sayyaf-leader|title=One Army battalion going after each Abu Sayyaf leader|author=Roel Pareño|publisher=The Philippine Star|date=5 September 2016|accessdate=4 October 2016}}
283. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rappler.com/world/regions/asia-pacific/indonesia/bahasa/englishedition/145747-maritime-cooperation-abu-sayyaf-kidnappings|title=Duterte wants Abu Sayyaf kidnappers 'blown up' at sea|author=Natashya Gutierrez|work=Agence France-Presse|publisher=Rappler|date=9 September 2016|accessdate=11 September 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912064410/http://www.rappler.com/world/regions/asia-pacific/indonesia/bahasa/englishedition/145747-maritime-cooperation-abu-sayyaf-kidnappings|archivedate=12 September 2016|deadurl=yes}}
284. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/09/20/indonesia-won-t-enter-philippine-waters-despite-green-light.html |title=Indonesia won't enter Philippine waters despite green light |author=Haeril Halim |publisher=The Jakarta Post |date=20 September 2016 |accessdate=25 September 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924171109/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/09/20/indonesia-won-t-enter-philippine-waters-despite-green-light.html |archivedate=24 September 2016 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy}}
285. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.malaya.com.ph/business-news/news/afp-chief-asg-surrender-or-die|title=AFP chief to ASG: Surrender or die|author=Victor Reyes|publisher=Malaya Business Insight|date=12 September 2016|accessdate=25 September 2016}}
286. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2016/09/23/20-Abu-Sayyaf-militants-surrender-in-Philippines/9981474630916/|title=20 Abu Sayyaf militants surrender in Philippines|author=Ed Adamczyk|publisher=UPI.com|date=23 September 2016|accessdate=25 September 2016}}
287. ^{{cite web|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/817571/govt-seizes-200-high-powered-speedboats-from-abu-sayyaf|title=Gov't seizes 200 high-powered speedboats from Abu Sayyaf|author=Maila Ager|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=21 September 2016|accessdate=25 September 2016}}
288. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/147403-philippines-duterte-no-amnesty-abu-sayyaf|title=Duterte: No amnesty for Abu Sayyaf|author=Pia Ranada|publisher=Rappler|date=26 September 2016|accessdate=27 September 2016}}
289. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/09/27/1627928/high-powered-guns-abu-sayyaf-armm-execs-seized-san-juan|title=High-powered guns for Abu Sayyaf, ARMM execs seized in San Juan|author=AJ Bolando|publisher=The Philippine Star|date=27 September 2016|accessdate=27 September 2016}}
290. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/585068/news/nation/afp-59-bandits-killed-in-duterte-s-first-hundred-days|title=AFP: 59 bandits killed in Duterte's first hundred days|author=Erwin Colcol|publisher=GMA News|date=14 October 2016|accessdate=17 October 2016}}
291. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/149393-abu-sayyaf-military-operations|title=AFP report: 94 Abu Sayyaf 'neutralized,' 14 hostages freed|publisher=Rappler|date=17 October 2016|accessdate=17 October 2016}}
292. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/senior-abu-sayyaf-leader-offers-to-surrender|title=Senior Abu Sayyaf Leader Offers to Surrender|author=MarEx|publisher=The Maritime Executive|date=13 April 2017|accessdate=14 April 2017}}
293. ^{{cite web|url=http://m.dw.com/en/philippine-marines-kill-abu-sayyaf-extremist-leader/a-38635850|title=Philippine marines kill Abu Sayyaf extremist leader|publisher=Deutsche Welle|date=29 April 2017|accessdate=29 April 2017}}
294. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/use-tools-war-vs-abu-sayyaf/291746/|title=Use all 'tools of war' vs Abu Sayyaf|author=Fernan Marasigan|publisher=The Manila Times|date=17 October 2016|accessdate=19 October 2016}}
295. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.benarnews.org/english/news/indonesian/Lanao-del-Sur-04252017174353.html|title=Indonesians, Malaysian Among 37 Militants Killed in Philippine Military Strike: Officials|author1=Felipe Villamor|author2=Richel Umel|author3=Mark Navales|publisher=Benar News|date=25 April 2017|accessdate=29 April 2017}}
296. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/world/breaking-news/indonesian-militant-killed-in-philippines/news-story/170d252c5f5e0ac44fa295a3b8c46ed2|title=Indonesian militant killed in Philippines|work=AAP|publisher=news.com.au|date=24 November 2012|accessdate=29 April 2017}}
297. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32157211|title=FBI confirms militant Marwan's death in Philippine raid|newspaper=BBC News|date=2 April 2015|accessdate=29 April 2017}}
298. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/indonesian-bomb-ibrahim-ali-killed-by-military-in-mindanao/news-story/0b46cab4fb4a8d18fa162927f019b4b0|title=Indonesian bomb Ibrahim Ali killed by military in Mindanao|author=Deborah Cassrels|publisher=The Weekend Australian|date=30 November 2015|accessdate=29 April 2017}}
299. ^{{cite web|url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/malaysian-militant-killed-clashes-philippine-022912443.html|title=Malaysian militant killed in clashes with Philippine army, says report|work=The Malaysian Insider|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=17 December 2015|accessdate=29 April 2017}}
300. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/regional/2017/01/29/indonesian-militant-killed-in-operations/|title=Philippines military identifies IS-linked militant killed as Indonesian named 'Mohisen'|publisher=The Star|date=29 January 2017|accessdate=29 April 2017}}
301. ^{{cite web|url=http://gulftoday.ae/portal/ae8d334a-9eea-41ca-8a19-5d033775f78c.aspx|title=Top policewoman nabbed for ties to Abu Sayyaf|author=Manolo B. Jara|publisher=The Gulf Today|date=25 April 2017|accessdate=26 April 2017}}
302. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/04/26/indonesian-militants-can-easily-enter-philippines-.html |title=Indonesian militants can 'easily' enter Philippines |author=Haeril Halim |publisher=The Jakarta Post |date=26 April 2017 |accessdate=29 April 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429140250/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/04/26/indonesian-militants-can-easily-enter-philippines-.html |archivedate=29 April 2017 |deadurl=yes }}
303. ^{{cite web|url=http://time.com/4755528/indonesia-isis-philippines-caliphate-abu-sayyaf/|title=Indonesia Says It Can't Prevent Islamist Militants or Arms From Crossing Its Border With the Philippines|author=Joseph Hincks|publisher=Time|date=26 April 2017|accessdate=29 April 2017}}
304. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/malaysian-leaders-face-clear-and-present-terror-threat|title=Malaysian leaders face 'clear and present' terror threat|publisher=Today Online|date=26 January 2017|accessdate=29 April 2017}}
305. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/foreign-militants-cross-sabah-mindanao/308993/|title=Foreign militants cross Sabah to Mindanao|author=Al Jacinto|publisher=The Manila Times|date=27 January 2017|accessdate=29 April 2017}}
306. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/04/17/sabah-to-cooperate-with-indonesia-to-curb-cross-border-crime-musa/|title=Sabah to cooperate with Indonesia to curb cross-border crime — Musa|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=17 April 2016|accessdate=29 April 2017}}
307. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.intelligencefusion.co.uk/single-post/2017/04/10/The-Threat-of-the-Islamic-State-in-South-East-Asia-and-the-Counter-Terrorism-Unit-on-the-Frontlines-in-Indonesia|title=The Threat of the Islamic State in South-East Asia, and the Counter-Terrorism Unit on the Frontlines in Indonesia|author=Vincent Fevrier|publisher=Intelligence Fusion|date=10 April 2017|accessdate=29 April 2017}}
308. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://thestandard.com.ph/mobile/article/222501|title=Duterte open to talks with Abu Sayyaf terrorists|work=Agence France-Presse|publisher=Manila Standard|date=26 November 2016|accessdate=29 November 2016}}
309. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ralphjennings/2016/11/30/5265/#1dbec06175da|title=Philippines' Fight Against Muslim Insurgents Is Hitting A New And Sticky Blockade|author=Ralph Jennings|publisher=Forbes|date=30 November 2016|accessdate=1 December 2016}}
310. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/11/26/16/abu-sayyaf-can-use-duterte-statement-to-claim-legitimacy-analyst|title=Abu Sayyaf can use Duterte statement to claim 'legitimacy'--analyst|publisher=ABS-CBN News|date=26 November 2016|accessdate=29 November 2016}}
311. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/duterte-wont-risk-civilians-sayyaf-war/298803/|title=Duterte won't risk civilians in Sayyaf war|work=Agence France-Presse|publisher=The Manila Times|date=28 November 2016|accessdate=29 November 2016}}
312. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.philstar.com/opinion/2016/11/29/1648443/du30-confused-or-confusing-asg|title=Is Du30 confused, or confusing ASG?|author=Federico D. Pascual Jr.|publisher=The Philippine Star|date=29 November 2016|accessdate=29 November 2016}}
313. ^{{cite web|url=http://thestandard.com.ph/mobile/article/222847|title=Difficult to analyze|author=Florencio Fianza|publisher=Manila Standard|date=1 December 2016|accessdate=1 December 2016}}
314. ^{{cite web|url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/150452/duterte-indonesia-malaysia-bomb-kidnappers-hostages|title=Duterte to Indonesia, Malaysia: Bomb kidnappers; hostages, too|work=Associated Press|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=9 December 2016|accessdate=9 December 2016}}
315. ^{{cite web|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1074729/duterte-i-will-never-talk-peace-with-abu-sayyaf|title=Duterte: I will never talk peace with Abu Sayyaf|author=Darryl John Esguerra|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=18 January 2019|accessdate=28 January 2019}}
316. ^https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1078558/duterte-wants-all-out-war-vs-jolo-mass-murderers-terror-groups?utm_expid=.XqNwTug2W6nwDVUSgFJXed.1
317. ^https://news.mb.com.ph/2019/01/31/afp-launches-offensive-vs-asg/

External links

{{Commons category|Abu Sayyaf}}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20060607015241/http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/terrorists/terjanjalani.htm Most Wanted Terrorists], Federal Bureau of Investigation, US Department of Justice
  • Council on Foreign Relations: Abu Sayyaf Group (Philippines, Islamist separatists)
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070608112409/http://www.rewardsforjustice.net/english/index.cfm?page=Philippines Reward For Information] (on five ASG members), Rewards for Justice Program, US Department of State
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20060518105521/http://www.mindanews.com/2003/01/2nd/vws06torres.html Looking for al-Qaeda in the Philippines]
  • Balik-Terrorism: The Return of Abu Sayyaf (PDF), Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College
  • The bloodstained trail of the Abu Sayyaf, Agence France-Presse
{{Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}}{{Moro internal issues}}{{Southern Philippines Insurgency}}{{Terrorism in Malaysia}}{{IslamismSEA}}{{War on Terrorism}}{{Portal bar|War|Terrorism|Philippines}}

13 : Abu Sayyaf|Anti-communist organizations|Jihadist groups|Organizations designated as terrorist in Asia|Organized crime in the Philippines|Moro conflict|Islamic terrorism in Malaysia|Organisations designated as terrorist by the United Kingdom|Organisations designated as terrorist by Australia|Organisations designated as terrorist by Japan|Organizations designated as terrorist by the United States|Islamic terrorism in the Philippines|Salafi jihadists
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/21 14:33:28