“Douglas County, Kansas”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

For millennia, the Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In 1762, after the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, per the Treaty of Fontainebleau. In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France via the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso, although the former country kept title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre.

19th century

In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1855, Douglas County was established. Douglas County was opened for settlement on May 15, 1854, and was named for Stephen A. Douglas,^[3] a senator from Illinois. The county was practically at the center of the Bleeding Kansas years as leaders in Lecompton (the territorial capital) wanted Kansas to be a slave state, whereas leaders in Lawrence wanted Kansas to be a free state. The pro- and anti-slavery settlers held great animosity towards one another, leading to many events, such as the drafting of the Lecompton Constitution (which would have admitted Kansas into the Union as a slave state), the Wakarusa War (1855), the Sack of Lawrence (1856), Battle of Black Jack (1856), and the Lawrence Massacre (1863).

The first railroad in Douglas County, the Union Pacific, was built through that territory in 1864.^[4]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of {{convert|475|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|456|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|19|sqmi}} (4.0%) is water.^[5] It is the fifth-smallest county in Kansas by land area. Much of its northern boundary is defined by the Kansas River, which flows through Lawrence and provides hydropower at the [https://web.archive.org/web/20030611023452/http://abyss.kgs.ku.edu/pls/abyss/pubcat.phd1.View_Photo?f_id=298&f_hd=Y Bowersock Dam].

Adjacent counties

Demographics

Douglas County comprises the Lawrence, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Kansas City-Overland Park-Kansas City, MO-KS Combined Statistical Area.

As of the 2000 census,^[11] there were 99,962 people, 38,486 households, and 21,167 families residing in the county. The population density was 219 people per square mile (84/km²). There were 40,250 housing units at an average density of 88 per square mile (34/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 86.1% White, 4.2% Black or African American, 2.6% Native American, 3.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.2% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.3% of the population.

There were 38,486 households out of which 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.0% were non-families. 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the county, the population was spread out with 20.4% under the age of 18, 26.4% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 16.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females there were 98.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.70 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $37,547, and the median income for a family was $53,991. Males had a median income of $35,577 versus $27,225 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,952. About 6.2% of families and 15.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.0% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.

Government

County

In recent years, the Democratic Party has been dominant in Douglas County. Democrats control all County-wide offices in the County, except for the position of Sheriff. Douglas County is currently served by county commissioners Mike Gaughan, Nancy Thellman, and Michelle Derusseau. Gaughan and Thellman are Democrats, while Derusseau is the lone Republican on the commission.

State

Democratic state representatives representing portions of the county include John Wilson (10th District), Barbara Ballard (44th District), and Dennis Highberger (46th District); Republican state representatives include Jim Karleskint (42nd District), Tom Sloan (45th District) and Ken Corbet (54th District). The three state senators representing the county, Marci Francisco (2nd District), Tom Holland (3rd District), and Anthony Hensley (19th District), are all Democrats.^[12]

Presidential elections

Douglas county is often one of only two counties in Kansas to vote for Democratic Candidates. The other being Wyandotte county. Part of the reason Douglas County votes democratic is because of the large presence of the University of Kansas. The last time a Republican Candidate has carried this county was in 1988. Afterwards it took a gradual liberal shift.

Douglas County has a political history more typical of the Yankee Northeast than of the Great Plains, as can be seen from its voting history, exactly paralleling that of Vermont or Cheshire County, New Hampshire (excepting only the 1912 presidential election). This is due to the county's strong New England heritage, and its status as Kansas' leading academic center. Douglas County voted for the Republican candidate in every Presidential election between 1864 and 1960, except in 1912 when it supported Progressive Theodore Roosevelt. The Republican presidential nominee obtained over sixty percent of Douglas County's vote in every election between 1920 and 1960 (except 1932 when Herbert Hoover received 58.7 percent). As a measure of how deeply the county's Republican roots ran, even when Kansas was swept up in Franklin D. Roosevelt's landslide victories of 1932 and 1936, Republican candidates carried the county easily.

This tradition was broken in 1964, when the anti-Yankee sentiment and Southern leanings of Barry Goldwater drove the county into Lyndon B. Johnson's hands, making Johnson the first Democrat ever to carry the county. With more moderate GOP candidates, the GOP carried the county in every election between 1968 and 1988. However, the growing transformation of Lawrence into a liberal academic bastion pulled the county into the Democratic column from 1992 onwards. Since the 2004 election, Douglas County has been one of the strongest Democratic bastions in Kansas, second only to Wyandotte County.

Education

Unified school districts

Universities and colleges

The University of Kansas's main campus is located in Lawrence as is Haskell Indian Nations University. Baker University, the state's oldest university, is located in Baldwin City.

Parks

Lone Star Lake is a small country lake to the southwest of Lawrence offers fishing, boating and camping. Just northwest of Baldwin City is Douglas State Fishing Lake which provides hunting, fishing and limited camping. Other parks around the county include Black Jack Park which includes the Ivan Boyd Prairie Preserve and Robert Hall Pearson Memorial Park, Broken Arrow Park in Lawrence and Wells Overlook Park just south of Lawrence.^[15]

Events

Major events in the county include the Maple Leaf Festival in Baldwin City every third full weekend in October.^[16] Lecompton's Territorial Days take place every year in June^[17] and Lawrence has many parades throughout the year including Christmas and St. Patrick's Day.^[18]^[19]

Transportation

Major highways

County Highways

Douglas County also maintains an extensive network of county highways to serve the rural areas of the county. None of these county highways is in the Lawrence city limits.

Communities

Incorporated cities

Unincorporated communities

Townships

Douglas County is divided into nine townships. The city of Lawrence is considered governmentally independent and is excluded from the census figures for the townships. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) of significant size included in that township's population total.

Historic Townships

The county originally had only four townships. Lecompton comprised the area of Lecompton, Kanwaka, and Clinton townships; Washington took the place of Marion and Willow Springs townships; Wakarusa comprised both Wakarusa and Eudora townships; and Calhoun was the original name of Palmyra township. Grant township was annexed from Jefferson County in 1874.

Notable people

See also

References

1. ^¹{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/20/20045.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=June 16, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/603Ot4Nma?url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/20/20045.html|archivedate=July 9, 2011|df=}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |accessdate=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archivedate=2011-05-31 |df= }}
3. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9V1IAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA108#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=108}}
4. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o8X5krq3fP8C&pg=PA539#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Embracing Events, Institutions, Industries, Counties, Cities, Towns, Prominent Persons, Etc. | publisher=Standard Publishing Company | author=Blackmar, Frank Wilson | year=1912 | pages=539}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2017/demo/popest/counties-total.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=March 8, 2019}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 24, 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archivedate=May 12, 2015|df=}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|accessdate=July 24, 2014}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/ks190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 24, 2014}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 24, 2014}}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2008-01-31 |title=American FactFinder |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/ |archivedate=2013-09-11 |df= }}
12. ^Douglas County - State Officials {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814223219/http://douglas-county.org/depts/cl/ve/ve_elected_officials.aspx#state |date=August 14, 2011 }}
13. ^http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nwk.usace.army.mil/CL/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-02-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215052332/http://www.nwk.usace.army.mil/cl/ |archivedate=2012-02-15 |df= }}
15. ^http://douglas-county.org/depts/pw/pw_countyparks.aspx?category_id={{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://baldwincity.org/community/mapleleaf/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-02-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327063502/http://www.baldwincity.org/community/mapleleaf/ |archivedate=2012-03-27 |df= }}
17. ^http://www.lecomptonterritorialdays.com/
18. ^http://lawrencestpatricksdayparade.com/
19. ^http://www.lawrencechristmasparade.org/

History

Early history