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词条 Academy Award for Best Director
释义

  1. Winners and nominees

  2. Multiple wins and nominations

  3. Age superlatives

  4. Diversity of nominees/winners

     Asian nominees/winners  Black nominees  Latin American nominees/winners  Oceanic nominees/winners  Female nominees/winners  Non-English language nominees/winners 

  5. Notes

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. Bibliography

  9. External links

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2018}}{{Infobox award
| name = Academy Award for Best Director
| image = Alfonso Cuarón (2013) cropped.jpg
| image_upright = 0.7
| caption = Current recipient: Alfonso Cuarón
| description = Excellence in Cinematic Direction Achievement
| presenter = Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS)
| country = United States
| year = 1929 (for direction in films released during the 1927/1928 film season)
| holder = Alfonso Cuarón
Roma (2018)
| website = {{url|oscars.org}}
}}

The Academy Award for Best Director (officially known as the Academy Award for Best Directing) is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is given in honor of a film director who has exhibited outstanding directing while working in the film industry.

The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with the award being split into "Dramatic" and "Comedy" categories; Frank Borzage and Lewis Milestone won for 7th Heaven and Two Arabian Knights, respectively.[1] However, these categories were merged for all subsequent ceremonies.[2] Nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the directors branch of AMPAS; winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy.[3][4][5]

For the first eleven years of the Academy Awards, directors were allowed to be nominated for multiple films in the same year. However, after the nomination of Michael Curtiz for two films, Angels with Dirty Faces and Four Daughters, at the 11th Academy Awards, the rules were revised so that an individual could only be nominated for one film at each ceremony.[6] That rule has since been amended, although the only director who has received multiple nominations in the same year was Steven Soderbergh for Erin Brockovich and Traffic in 2000, winning the award for the latter. The Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture have been very closely linked throughout their history. Of the 91 films that have been awarded Best Picture, 65 have also been awarded Best Director.[7]

Since its inception, the award has been given to 71 directors or directing teams. John Ford has received the most awards in this category with four. William Wyler was nominated on twelve occasions, more than any other individual. Damien Chazelle became the youngest director in history to receive this award, at the age of 32 for his work on La La Land. Two directing teams have shared the award; Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins for West Side Story in 1961 and Joel and Ethan Coen for No Country for Old Men in 2007. The Coen brothers are the only siblings to have won the award.[8] Kathryn Bigelow is the only woman to have won the award, for 2009's The Hurt Locker. Since the 82nd ceremony held in 2010, when the Best Picture category was no longer limited to 5 nominees, only Bennett Miller and Paweł Pawlikowski have been nominated for films not nominated for Best Picture. As of the 2019 ceremony, Alfonso Cuarón is the most recent winner in this category for his work on Roma.

Winners and nominees

In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of film release in Los Angeles County, California; the ceremonies are always held the following year.[9] For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31.[10] For the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1, 1932, to December 31, 1933.[10] Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31.[10]

Table key
{{legend|#FAEB86|indicates the winner}}alt=Award winner}} Indicates the winner of Best Picture
YearDirector(s)Film{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference
1920s
1927/28
{{small|(1st)		{{sort|Borzage|Frank Borzage}}{{small| (Dramatic)}}7th Heaven[11]
Brenon|Herbert Brenon}}{{small| (Dramatic)}}Sorrell and Son
Vidor|King Vidor}}{{small| (Dramatic)}}{{sort>Crowd|The Crowd}}
{{sort|Milestone|Lewis Milestone}}{{small| (Comedy)}}Two Arabian Knights
Wilde|Ted Wilde}}{{small| (Comedy) }}Speedy
1928/1929
{{small|(2nd)
[12]		{{sort|Lloyd|Frank Lloyd}}{{sort|Divine|The Divine Lady}}[13]
Barrymore|Lionel Barrymore}}Madame X
Beaumont|Harry Beaumont}}Broadway|The Broadway Melody {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}}}
Cummings|Irving Cummings}}In Old Arizona
{{sort|Lloyd|Frank Lloyd}}Drag
Weary River
Lubitsch|Ernst Lubitsch}}{{sort>Patriot|The Patriot}}
1930s
1929/1930
{{small|(3rd)		{{sort|Milestone|Lewis Milestone}}All Quiet on the Western Front {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[14]
{{sort|Brown|Clarence Brown}}Anna Christie
Romance
Leonard|Robert Z. Leonard}}{{sort>Divorcee|The Divorcee}}
Lubitsch|Ernst Lubitsch}}{{sort>Love|The Love Parade}}
Vidor|King Vidor}}Hallelujah!
1930/1931
{{small|(4th)		{{sort|Taurog|Norman Taurog}}Skippy[15]
Brown|Clarence Brown}}{{sort>Free|A Free Soul}}
Milestone|Lewis Milestone}}{{sort>Front|The Front Page}}
Ruggles|Wesley Ruggles}}Cimarron {{double dagger>alt=Award winner}}
Sternberg|Josef von Sternberg}}Morocco
1931/1932
{{small|(5th)		{{sort|Borzage|Frank Borzage}}Bad Girl[16]
Vidor|King Vidor}}{{sort>Champ|The Champ}}
Sternberg|Josef von Sternberg}}Shanghai Express
1932/1933
{{small|(6th)		{{sort|Lloyd|Frank Lloyd}}Cavalcade {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[17]
Capra|Frank Capra}}Lady for a Day
Cukor|George Cukor}}Little Women
1934
{{small|(7th)		{{sort|Capra|Frank Capra}}It Happened One Night {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[18]
Schertzinger|Victor Schertzinger}}One Night of Love
Van Dyke|W. S. Van Dyke}}{{sort>Thin|The Thin Man}}
1935
{{small|(8th)		{{sort|Ford|John Ford}}{{sort|Informer|The Informer}}[19]
Hathaway|Henry Hathaway}}{{sort>Lives|The Lives of a Bengal Lancer}}
Lloyd|Frank Lloyd}}Mutiny on the Bounty {{double dagger>alt=Award winner}}
1936
{{small|(9th)		{{sort|Capra|Frank Capra}}Mr. Deeds Goes to Town[20]
La Cava|Gregory La Cava}}My Man Godfrey
Leonard|Robert Z. Leonard}}{{sort>Great|The Great Ziegfeld}} {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}
Van Dyke|W. S. Van Dyke}}San Francisco
Wyler|William Wyler}}Dodsworth
1937
(10th)		{{sort|McCarey|Leo McCarey}}{{sort|Awful|The Awful Truth}}[21]
Dieterle|William Dieterle}}{{sort>Life|The Life of Emile Zola}} {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}
Franklin|Sidney Franklin}}{{sort>Good|The Good Earth}}
La Cava|Gregory La Cava}}Stage Door
Wellman|William A. Wellman}}{{sort>Star|A Star Is Born}}
1938
{{small|(11th)		{{sort|Capra|Frank Capra}}You Can't Take It with You {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[22]
{{sort|Curtiz|Michael Curtiz}}Angels with Dirty Faces
Four Daughters
Taurog|Norman Taurog}}Boys Town
Vidor|King Vidor}}{{sort>Citadel|The Citadel}}
1939
{{small|(12th)		{{sort|Fleming|Victor Fleming}}Gone with the Wind {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[23]
Capra|Frank Capra}}Mr. Smith Goes to Washington
Ford|John Ford}}Stagecoach
Wood|Sam Wood}}Goodbye, Mr. Chips
Wyler|William Wyler}}Wuthering Heights
1940s
1940
{{small|(13th)		{{sort|Ford|John Ford}}{{sort|Grapes|The Grapes of Wrath}}[24]
Cukor|George Cukor}}{{sort>Philadelphia|The Philadelphia Story}}
Hitchcock|Alfred Hitchcock}}Rebecca {{double dagger>alt=Award winner}}
Wood|Sam Wood}}Kitty Foyle
Wyler|William Wyler}}{{sort>Letter|The Letter}}
1941
{{small|(14th)		{{sort|Ford|John Ford}}How Green Was My Valley {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[25]
Hall|Alexander Hall}}Here Comes Mr. Jordan
Hawks|Howard Hawks}}Sergeant York
Welles|Orson Welles}}Citizen Kane
Wyler|William Wyler}}{{sort>Little|The Little Foxes}}
1942
{{small|(15th)		{{sort|Wyler|William Wyler}}Mrs. Miniver {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[26]
Curtiz|Michael Curtiz}}Yankee Doodle Dandy
Farrow|John Farrow}}Wake Island
LeRoy|Mervyn LeRoy}}Random Harvest
Wood|Sam Wood}}Kings Row
1943
{{small|(16th)		{{sort|Curtiz|Michael Curtiz}}Casablanca {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[27]
Brown|Clarence Brown}}{{sort>Human|The Human Comedy}}
King|Henry King}}{{sort>Song|The Song of Bernadette}}
Lubitsch|Ernst Lubitsch}}Heaven Can Wait
Stevens|George Stevens}}{{sort>More|The More the Merrier}}
1944
{{small|(17th)		{{sort|McCarey|Leo McCarey}}Going My Way {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[28]
Hitchcock|Alfred Hitchcock}}Lifeboat
King|Henry King}}Wilson
Preminger|Otto Preminger}}Laura
Wilder|Billy Wilder}}Double Indemnity
1945
{{small|(18th)		{{sort|Wilder|Billy Wilder}}{{sort|Lost|The Lost Weekend}} {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[29]
Brown|Clarence Brown}}National Velvet
Hitchcock|Alfred Hitchcock}}Spellbound
McCarey|Leo McCarey}}{{sort>Bells|The Bells of St. Mary's}}
Renoir|Jean Renoir}}{{sort>Southerner|The Southerner}}
1946
{{small|(19th)		{{sort|Wyler|William Wyler}}{{sort|Best|The Best Years of Our Lives}} {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[30]
Brown|Clarence Brown}}{{sort>Yearling|The Yearling}}
Capra|Frank Capra}}It's a Wonderful Life
Lean|David Lean}}Brief Encounter
Siodmak|Robert Siodmak}}{{sort>Killers|The Killers}}
1947
{{small|(20th)		{{sort|Kazan|Elia Kazan}}Gentleman's Agreement {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[31]
Cukor|George Cukor}}Double|A Double Life}}
Dmytryk|Edward Dmytryk}}Crossfire
Koster|Henry Koster}}Bishop|The Bishop's Wife}}
Lean|David Lean}}Great Expectations
1948
{{small|(21st)		{{sort|Huston|John Huston}}{{sort|Treasure|The Treasure of the Sierra Madre}}[32]
Litvak|Anatole Litvak}}Snake|The Snake Pit}}
Negulesco|Jean Negulesco}}Johnny Belinda
Olivier|Laurence Olivier}}Hamlet {{double dagger>alt=Award winner}}
Zinnemann|Fred Zinnemann}}Search|The Search}}
1949
{{small|(22nd)		{{sort|Mankiewicz|Joseph L. Mankiewicz}}{{sort|Letter|A Letter to Three Wives}}[33]
Reed|Carol Reed}}Fallen|The Fallen Idol}}
Rossen|Robert Rossen}}All the King's Men {{double dagger>alt=Award winner}}
Wellman|William A. Wellman}}Battleground
Wyler|William Wyler}}Heiress|The Heiress}}
1950s
1950
{{small|(23rd)		{{sort|Mankiewicz|Joseph L. Mankiewicz}}All About Eve {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[34]
Cukor|George Cukor}}Born Yesterday
Huston|John Huston}}Asphalt|The Asphalt Jungle}}
Reed|Carol Reed}}Man|The Third Man}}
Wilder|Billy Wilder}}Sunset Boulevard
1951
{{small|(24th)		{{sort|Stevens|George Stevens}}{{sort|Place|A Place in the Sun}}[35]
Huston|John Huston}}African|The African Queen}}
Kazan|Elia Kazan}}Streetcar|A Streetcar Named Desire}}
Minnelli|Vincente Minnelli}}American|An American in Paris {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}}}
Wyler|William Wyler}}Detective Story
1952
{{small|(25th)		{{sort|Ford|John Ford}}{{sort|Quiet|The Quiet Man}}[36]
DeMille|Cecil B. DeMille}}Greatest|The Greatest Show on Earth {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}}}
Huston|John Huston}}Moulin Rouge
Mankiewicz|Joseph L. Mankiewicz}}5 Fingers
Zinnemann|Fred Zinnemann}}High Noon
1953
{{small|(26th)		{{sort|Zinnemann|Fred Zinnemann}}From Here to Eternity {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[37]
Stevens|George Stevens}}Shane
Walters|Charles Walters}}Lili
Wilder|Billy Wilder}}Stalag 17
Wyler|William Wyler}}Roman Holiday
1954
{{small|(27th)		{{sort|Kazan|Elia Kazan}}On the Waterfront {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[38]
Hitchcock|Alfred Hitchcock}}Rear Window
Seaton|George Seaton}}Country|The Country Girl}}
Wellman|William A. Wellman}}High|The High and the Mighty}}
Wilder|Billy Wilder}}Sabrina
1955
{{small|(28th)		{{sort|Mann|Delbert Mann}}Marty {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[39]
Kazan|Elia Kazan}}East of Eden
Lean|David Lean}}Summertime
Logan|Joshua Logan}}Picnic
Sturges|John Sturges}}Bad Day at Black Rock
1956
{{small|(29th)		{{sort|Stevens|George Stevens}}Giant[40]
Anderson|Michael Anderson}}Around the World in 80 Days {{double dagger>alt=Award winner}}
Lang|Walter Lang}}King|The King and I}}
Vidor|King Vidor}}War and Peace
Wyler|William Wyler}}Friendly Persuasion
1957
{{small|(30th)		{{sort|Lean|David Lean}}{{sort|Bridge|The Bridge on the River Kwai {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}}}[41]
Logan|Joshua Logan}}Sayonara
Lumet|Sidney Lumet}}12 Angry Men
Robson|Mark Robson}}Peyton Place
Wilder|Billy Wilder}}Witness for the Prosecution
1958
{{small|(31st)		{{sort|Minnelli|Vincente Minnelli}}Gigi {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[42]
Brooks|Richard Brooks}}Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
Kramer|Stanley Kramer}}Defiant|The Defiant Ones}}
Robson|Mark Robson}}Inn|The Inn of the Sixth Happiness}}
Wise|Robert Wise}}I Want to Live!
1959
{{small|(32nd)		{{sort|Wyler|William Wyler}}Ben-Hur {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[43]
Clayton|Jack Clayton}}Room at the Top
Stevens|George Stevens}}Diary|The Diary of Anne Frank}}
Wilder|Billy Wilder}}Some Like It Hot
Zinnemann|Fred Zinnemann}}Nun's|The Nun's Story}}
1960s
1960
{{small|(33rd)		{{sort|Wilder|Billy Wilder}}{{sort|Apartment|The Apartment {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}}}[44]
Cardiff|Jack Cardiff}}Sons and Lovers
Dassin|Jules Dassin}}Never on Sunday
Hitchcock|Alfred Hitchcock}}Psycho
Zinnemann|Fred Zinnemann}}Sundowners|The Sundowners}}
1961
{{small|(34th)		{{sort|Wise|Robert Wise}} & {{sort|Robbins|Jerome Robbins}}West Side Story {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[45]
Fellini|Federico Fellini}}La Dolce Vita
Kramer|Stanley Kramer}}Judgment at Nuremberg
Rossen|Robert Rossen}}Hustler|The Hustler}}
Thompson|J. Lee Thompson}}Guns|The Guns of Navarone}}
1962
{{small|(35th)		{{sort|Lean|David Lean}}Lawrence of Arabia {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[46]
Germi|Pietro Germi}}Divorce Italian Style
Mulligan|Robert Mulligan}}To Kill a Mockingbird
Penn|Arthur Penn}}Miracle|The Miracle Worker}}
Perry|Frank Perry}}David and Lisa
1963
{{small|(36th)		{{sort|Richardson|Tony Richardson}}Tom Jones {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[47]
Fellini|Federico Fellini}}8½
Kazan|Elia Kazan}}America America
Preminger|Otto Preminger}}Cardinal|The Cardinal}}
Ritt|Martin Ritt}}Hud
1964
{{small|(37th)		{{sort|Cukor|George Cukor}}My Fair Lady {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[48]
Cacoyannis|Michael Cacoyannis}}Zorba the Greek
Glenville|Peter Glenville}}Becket
Kubrick|Stanley Kubrick}}Dr. Strangelove
Stevenson|Robert Stevenson}}Mary Poppins
1965
{{small|(38th)		{{sort|Wise|Robert Wise}}{{sort|Sound|The Sound of Music {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}}}[49]
Lean|David Lean}}Doctor Zhivago
Schlesinger|John Schlesinger}}Darling
Teshigahara|Hiroshi Teshigahara}}Woman|Woman in the Dunes}}
Wyler|William Wyler}}Collector|The Collector}}
1966
{{small|(39th)		{{sort|Zinnemann|Fred Zinnemann}}{{sort|Man|A Man for All Seasons {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}}}[50]
Antonioni|Michelangelo Antonioni}}Blowup
Brooks|Richard Brooks}}Professionals|The Professionals}}
Lelouch|Claude Lelouch}}Man|A Man and a Woman}}
Nichols|Mike Nichols}}Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
1967
{{small|(40th)		{{sort|Nichols|Mike Nichols}}{{sort|Graduate|The Graduate}}[51]
Brooks|Richard Brooks}}In Cold Blood
Jewison|Norman Jewison}}In the Heat of the Night {{double dagger>alt=Award winner}}
Kramer|Stanley Kramer}}Guess Who's Coming to Dinner
Penn|Arthur Penn}}Bonnie and Clyde
1968
{{small|(41st)		{{sort|Reed|Carol Reed}}Oliver! {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[52]
Harvey|Anthony Harvey}}Lion|The Lion in Winter}}
Kubrick|Stanley Kubrick}}2001: A Space Odyssey
Pontecorvo|Gillo Pontecorvo}}Battle|The Battle of Algiers}}
Zeffirelli|Franco Zeffirelli}}Romeo and Juliet
1969
{{small|(42nd)		{{sort|Schlesinger|John Schlesinger}}Midnight Cowboy {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[53]
Gavras|Costa-Gavras}}Z
Hill|George Roy Hill}}Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid
Penn|Arthur Penn}}Alice's Restaurant
Pollack|Sydney Pollack}}They Shoot Horses, Don't They?
1970s
1970
{{small|(43rd)		{{sort|Schaffner|Franklin J. Schaffner}}Patton {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[54]
Altman|Robert Altman}}M*A*S*H
Fellini|Federico Fellini}}Fellini Satyricon
Hiller|Arthur Hiller}}Love Story
Russell|Ken Russell}}Women in Love
1971
{{small|(44th)		{{sort|Friedkin|William Friedkin}}{{sort|French|The French Connection {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}}}[55]
Bogdanovich|Peter Bogdanovich}}Last|The Last Picture Show}}
Jewison|Norman Jewison}}Fiddler on the Roof
Kubrick|Stanley Kubrick}}Clockwork|A Clockwork Orange}}
Schlesinger|John Schlesinger}}Sunday Bloody Sunday
1972
{{small|(45th)		{{sort|Fosse|Bob Fosse}}Cabaret[56]
Boorman|John Boorman}}Deliverance
Coppola|Francis Ford Coppola}}Godfather|The Godfather {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}}}
Mankiewicz|Joseph L. Mankiewicz}}Sleuth
Troell|Jan Troell}}Emigrants|The Emigrants}}
1973
{{small|(46th)		{{sort|Hill|George Roy Hill}}{{sort|Sting|The Sting {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}}}[57]
Bergman|Ingmar Bergman}}Cries and Whispers
Bertolucci|Bernardo Bertolucci}}Last Tango in Paris
Friedkin|William Friedkin}}Exorcist|The Exorcist}}
Lucas|George Lucas}}American Graffiti
1974
{{small|(47th)		{{sort|Coppola|Francis Ford Coppola}}{{sort|Godfather|The Godfather Part II {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}}}[58]
Cassavetes|John Cassavetes}}Woman|A Woman Under the Influence}}
Fosse|Bob Fosse}}Lenny
Polanski|Roman Polanski}}Chinatown
Truffaut|François Truffaut}}Day for Night
1975
{{small|(48th)		{{sort|Forman|Miloš Forman}}One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[59]
Altman|Robert Altman}}Nashville
Fellini|Federico Fellini}}Amarcord
Kubrick|Stanley Kubrick}}Barry Lyndon
Lumet|Sidney Lumet}}Dog Day Afternoon
1976
{{small|(49th)		{{sort|Avildsen|John G. Avildsen}}Rocky {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[60]
Bergman|Ingmar Bergman}}Face to Face
Lumet|Sidney Lumet}}Network
Pakula|Alan J. Pakula}}All the President's Men
Wertmüller|Lina Wertmüller}}Seven Beauties
1977
{{small|(50th)		{{sort|Allen|Woody Allen}}Annie Hall {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[61]
Lucas|George Lucas}}Star Wars
Ross|Herbert Ross}}Turning|The Turning Point}}
Spielberg|Steven Spielberg}}Close Encounters of the Third Kind
Zinnemann|Fred Zinnemann}}Julia
1978
{{small|(51st)		{{sort|Cimino|Michael Cimino}}{{sort|Deer|The Deer Hunter {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}}}[62]
Allen|Woody Allen}}Interiors
Ashby|Hal Ashby}}Coming Home
Beatty|Warren Beatty}} & {{sort|Henry|Buck Henry}}Heaven Can Wait
Parker|Alan Parker}}Midnight Express
1979
{{small|(52nd)		{{sort|Benton|Robert Benton}}Kramer vs. Kramer {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[63]
Coppola|Francis Ford Coppola}}Apocalypse Now
Fosse|Bob Fosse}}All That Jazz
Molinaro|Édouard Molinaro}}La Cage aux Folles
Yates|Peter Yates}}Breaking Away
1980s
1980
{{small|(53rd)		{{sort|Redford|Robert Redford}}Ordinary People {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[64]
Lynch|David Lynch}}Elephant|The Elephant Man}}
Polanski|Roman Polanski}}Tess
Rush|Richard Rush}}Stunt|The Stunt Man}}
Scorsese|Martin Scorsese}}Raging Bull
1981
{{small|(54th)		{{sort|Beatty|Warren Beatty}}Reds[65]
Hudson|Hugh Hudson}}Chariots of Fire {{double dagger>alt=Award winner}}
Malle|Louis Malle}}Atlantic City
Rydell|Mark Rydell}}On Golden Pond
Spielberg|Steven Spielberg}}Raiders of the Lost Ark
1982
{{small|(55th)		{{sort|Attenborough|Richard Attenborough}}Gandhi {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[66]
Lumet|Sidney Lumet}}Verdict|The Verdict}}
Petersen|Wolfgang Petersen}}Das Boot
Pollack|Sydney Pollack}}Tootsie
Spielberg|Steven Spielberg}}E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
1983
{{small|(56th)		{{sort|Brooks|James L. Brooks}}Terms of Endearment {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[67]
Beresford|Bruce Beresford}}Tender Mercies
Bergman|Ingmar Bergman}}Fanny and Alexander
Nichols|Mike Nichols}}Silkwood
Yates|Peter Yates}}Dresser|The Dresser}}
1984
{{small|(57th)		{{sort|Forman|Miloš Forman}}Amadeus {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[68]
Allen|Woody Allen}}Broadway Danny Rose
Benton|Robert Benton}}Places in the Heart
Joffé|Roland Joffé}}Killing|The Killing Fields}}
Lean|David Lean}}Passage|A Passage to India}}
1985
{{small|(58th)		{{sort|Pollack|Sydney Pollack}}Out of Africa {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[69]
Babenco|Héctor Babenco}}Kiss of the Spider Woman
Huston|John Huston}}Prizzi's Honor
Kurosawa|Akira Kurosawa}}Ran
Weir|Peter Weir}}Witness
1986
{{small|(59th)		{{sort|Stone|Oliver Stone}}Platoon {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[70]
Allen|Woody Allen}}Hannah and Her Sisters
Ivory|James Ivory}}Room|A Room with a View}}
Joffé|Roland Joffé}}Mission|The Mission}}
Lynch|David Lynch}}Blue Velvet
1987
{{small|(60th)		{{sort|Bertolucci|Bernardo Bertolucci}}{{sort|Emperor|The Last Emperor {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}}}[71]
Boorman|John Boorman}}Hope and Glory
Hallström|Lasse Hallström}}My Life as a Dog
Jewison|Norman Jewison}}Moonstruck
Lyne|Adrian Lyne}}Fatal Attraction
1988
{{small|(61st)		{{sort|Levinson|Barry Levinson}}Rain Man {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[72]
Crichton|Charles Crichton}}Fish|A Fish Called Wanda}}
Nichols|Mike Nichols}}Working Girl
Parker|Alan Parker}}Mississippi Burning
Scorsese|Martin Scorsese}}Last|The Last Temptation of Christ}}
1989
{{small|(62nd)		{{sort|Stone|Oliver Stone}}Born on the Fourth of July[73]
Allen|Woody Allen}}Crimes and Misdemeanors
Branagh|Kenneth Branagh}}Henry V
Sheridan|Jim Sheridan}}My Left Foot
Weir|Peter Weir}}Dead Poets Society
1990s
1990
{{small|(63rd)		{{sort|Costner|Kevin Costner}}Dances with Wolves {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[74]
Coppola|Francis Ford Coppola}}Godfather|The Godfather Part III}}
Frears|Stephen Frears}}Grifters|The Grifters}}
Schroeder|Barbet Schroeder}}Reversal of Fortune
Scorsese|Martin Scorsese}}Goodfellas
1991
{{small|(64th)		{{sort|Demme|Jonathan Demme}}{{sort|Silence|The Silence of the Lambs {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}}}[75]
Levinson|Barry Levinson}}Bugsy
Scott|Ridley Scott}}Thelma & Louise
Singleton|John Singleton}}Boyz n the Hood
Stone|Oliver Stone}}JFK
1992
{{small|(65th)		{{sort|Eastwood|Clint Eastwood}}Unforgiven {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[76]
Altman|Robert Altman}}Player|The Player}}
Brest|Martin Brest}}Scent of a Woman
Ivory|James Ivory}}Howards End
Jordan|Neil Jordan}}Crying|The Crying Game}}
1993
{{small|(66th)		{{sort|Spielberg|Steven Spielberg}}Schindler's List {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[77]
Altman|Robert Altman}}Short Cuts
Campion|Jane Campion}}Piano|The Piano}}
Ivory|James Ivory}}Remains|The Remains of the Day}}
Sheridan|Jim Sheridan}}In the Name of the Father
1994
{{small|(67th)		{{sort|Zemeckis|Robert Zemeckis}}Forrest Gump {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[78]
Allen|Woody Allen}}Bullets over Broadway
Kieślowski|Krzysztof Kieślowski}}Red
Redford|Robert Redford}}Quiz Show
Tarantino|Quentin Tarantino}}Pulp Fiction
1995
{{small|(68th)		{{sort|Gibson|Mel Gibson}}Braveheart {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[79]
Figgis|Mike Figgis}}Leaving Las Vegas
Noonan|Chris Noonan}}Babe
Radford|Michael Radford}}The Postman
Robbins|Tim Robbins}}Dead Man Walking
1996
{{small|(69th)		{{sort|Minghella|Anthony Minghella}}{{sort|English|The English Patient {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}}}[80]
Coen|Joel Coen}}Fargo
Forman|Miloš Forman}}People|The People vs. Larry Flynt}}
Hicks|Scott Hicks}}Shine
Leigh|Mike Leigh}}Secrets & Lies
1997
{{small|(70th)		{{sort|Cameron|James Cameron}}Titanic {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[81]
Cattaneo|Peter Cattaneo}}Monty|The Full Monty}}
Egoyan|Atom Egoyan}}Sweet|The Sweet Hereafter}}
Hanson|Curtis Hanson}}L.A. Confidential
Van Sant|Gus Van Sant}}Good Will Hunting
1998
{{small|(71st)		{{sort|Spielberg|Steven Spielberg}}Saving Private Ryan[82]
Benigni|Roberto Benigni}}Life Is Beautiful
Madden|John Madden}}Shakespeare in Love {{double dagger>alt=Award winner}}
Malick|Terrence Malick}}Thin|The Thin Red Line}}
Weir|Peter Weir}}Truman|The Truman Show}}
1999
{{small|(72nd)		{{sort|Mendes|Sam Mendes}}American Beauty {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[83]
Hallström|Lasse Hallström}}Cider|The Cider House Rules}}
Jonze|Spike Jonze}}Being John Malkovich
Mann|Michael Mann}}Insider|The Insider}}
Shyamalan|M. Night Shyamalan}}Sixth|The Sixth Sense}}
2000s
2000
{{small|(73rd)		{{sort|Soderbergh|Steven Soderbergh}}Traffic[84]
Daldry|Stephen Daldry}}Billy Elliot
Lee|Ang Lee}}Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
Scott|Ridley Scott}}Gladiator {{double dagger>alt=Award winner}}
Soderbergh|Steven Soderbergh}}Erin Brockovich
2001
{{small|(74th)		{{sort|Howard|Ron Howard}}{{sort|Beautiful|A Beautiful Mind {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}}}[85]
Altman|Robert Altman}}Gosford Park
Jackson|Peter Jackson}}Lord|The Fellowship of the Ring}}
Lynch|David Lynch}}Mulholland Drive
Scott|Ridley Scott}}Black Hawk Down
2002
{{small|(75th)		{{sort|Polanski|Roman Polanski}}{{sort|Pianist|The Pianist}}[86]
Almodóvar|Pedro Almodóvar}}Talk to Her
Daldry|Stephen Daldry}}Hours|The Hours}}
Marshall|Rob Marshall}}Chicago {{double dagger>alt=Award winner}}
Scorsese|Martin Scorsese}}Gangs of New York
2003
{{small|(76th)		{{sort|Jackson|Peter Jackson}}{{sort|Lord|The Return of the King {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}}}[87]
Coppola|Sofia Coppola}}Lost in Translation
Eastwood|Clint Eastwood}}Mystic River
Meirelles|Fernando Meirelles}}City of God
Weir|Peter Weir}}The Far Side of the World
2004
{{small|(77th)		{{sort|Eastwood|Clint Eastwood}}Million Dollar Baby {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[88]
Hackford|Taylor Hackford}}Ray
Leigh|Mike Leigh}}Vera Drake
Payne|Alexander Payne}}Sideways
Scorsese|Martin Scorsese}}Aviator|The Aviator}}
2005
{{small|(78th)		{{sort|Lee|Ang Lee}}Brokeback Mountain[89]
Clooney|George Clooney}}Good Night, and Good Luck
Haggis|Paul Haggis}}Crash {{double dagger>alt=Award winner}}
Miller|Bennett Miller}}Capote
Spielberg|Steven Spielberg}}Munich
2006
{{small|(79th)		{{sort|Scorsese|Martin Scorsese}}{{sort|Departed|The Departed {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}}}[90]
Eastwood|Clint Eastwood}}Letters from Iwo Jima
Frears|Stephen Frears}}Queen|The Queen}}
Greengrass|Paul Greengrass}}United 93
Iñárritu|Alejandro G. Iñárritu}}Babel
2007
{{small|(80th)		{{sort|Coen|Coen Brothers}}No Country for Old Men {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[91]
Anderson|Paul Thomas Anderson}}There Will Be Blood
Gilroy|Tony Gilroy}}Michael Clayton
Reitman|Jason Reitman}}Juno
Schnabel|Julian Schnabel}}Diving|The Diving Bell and the Butterfly}}
2008
{{small|(81st)		{{sort|Boyle|Danny Boyle}}Slumdog Millionaire {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[92]
Daldry|Stephen Daldry}}Reader|The Reader}}
Fincher|David Fincher}}Curious|The Curious Case of Benjamin Button}}
Howard|Ron Howard}}Frost/Nixon
Van Sant|Gus Van Sant}}Milk
2009
{{small|(82nd)		{{sort|Bigelow|Kathryn Bigelow}}{{sort|Hurt|The Hurt Locker {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}}}[93]
Cameron|James Cameron}}Avatar
Daniels|Lee Daniels}}Precious
Reitman|Jason Reitman}}Up in the Air
Tarantino|Quentin Tarantino}}Inglourious Basterds
2010s
2010
{{small|(83rd)		{{sort|Hooper|Tom Hooper}}{{sort|King's|The King's Speech {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}}}[94]
Aronofsky|Darren Aronofsky}}Black Swan
Coen|Coen Brothers}}True Grit
Fincher|David Fincher}}Social|The Social Network}}
Russell|David O. Russell}}Fighter|The Fighter}}
2011
{{small|(84th)		{{sort|Hazanavicius|Michel Hazanavicius}}{{sort|Artist|The Artist {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}}}[95]
Allen|Woody Allen}}Midnight in Paris
Malick|Terrence Malick}}Tree|The Tree of Life}}
Payne|Alexander Payne}}Descendants|The Descendants}}
Scorsese|Martin Scorsese}}Hugo
2012
{{small|(85th)		{{sort|Lee|Ang Lee}}Life of Pi[96]
Haneke|Michael Haneke}}Amour
Russell|David O. Russell}}Silver Linings Playbook
Spielberg|Steven Spielberg}}Lincoln
Zeitlin|Benh Zeitlin}}Beasts of the Southern Wild
2013
{{small|(86th)		{{sort|Cuarón|Alfonso Cuarón}}Gravity[97]
McQueen|Steve McQueen}}12 Years a Slave {{double dagger>alt=Award winner}}
Payne|Alexander Payne}}Nebraska
Russell|David O. Russell}}American Hustle
Scorsese|Martin Scorsese}}Wolf|The Wolf of Wall Street}}
2014
{{small|(87th)		{{sort|Iñárritu|Alejandro G. Iñárritu}}Birdman {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[98]
Anderson|Wes Anderson}}Grand|The Grand Budapest Hotel}}
Linklater|Richard Linklater}}Boyhood
Miller|Bennett Miller}}Foxcatcher
Tyldum|Morten Tyldum}}Imitation|The Imitation Game}}
2015
{{small|(88th)		{{sort|Iñárritu|Alejandro G. Iñárritu}}The Revenant[99]
Abrahamson|Lenny Abrahamson}}Room
McCarthy|Tom McCarthy}}Spotlight {{double dagger>alt=Award winner}}
McKay|Adam McKay}}Big|The Big Short}}
Miller|George Miller}}Fury Road
2016
{{small|(89th)		{{sort|Chazelle|Damien Chazelle}}La La Land[100]
Gibson|Mel Gibson}}Hacksaw Ridge
Jenkins|Barry Jenkins}}Moonlight {{double dagger>alt=Award winner}}
Lonergan|Kenneth Lonergan}}Manchester by the Sea
Villeneuve|Denis Villeneuve}}Arrival
2017
{{small|(90th)		{{sort|del Toro|Guillermo del Toro}}The Shape of Water {{double dagger|alt=Award winner}}[101]
Anderson|Paul Thomas Anderson}}Phantom Thread
Gerwig|Greta Gerwig}}Lady Bird
Nolan|Christopher Nolan}}Dunkirk
{{sort|Peele|Jordan Peele}}Get Out
2018
{{small|(91st)		{{sort|Cuarón|Alfonso Cuarón}}Roma
Lanthimos|Yorgos Lanthimos}}The Favourite
Lee|Spike Lee}}BlacKkKlansman
McKay|Adam McKay}}Vice
Pawilikowski|Paweł Pawlikowski}}Cold War

Multiple wins and nominations

{{col-begin}}{{col-break}}

The following individuals have won multiple Best Director awards:

WinsDirector
4
 John Ford
3 Frank Capra
William Wyler
2 Frank Borzage
Alfonso Cuarón
Clint Eastwood
Miloš Forman
Alejandro G. Iñárritu
Elia Kazan
David Lean
Ang Lee
Frank Lloyd
Joseph L. Mankiewicz
Leo McCarey
Lewis Milestone
Steven Spielberg
George Stevens
Oliver Stone
Billy Wilder
Robert Wise
Fred Zinnemann
{{col-break}}

The following directors have received four or more Best Director nominations (* indicates no wins):

NominationsDirector
12 William Wyler
8 Martin Scorsese
Billy Wilder
7 Woody Allen
David Lean
Steven Spielberg
Fred Zinnemann
6 Clarence Brown*
Frank Capra
5 Robert Altman*
George Cukor
Michael Curtiz
John Ford
Alfred Hitchcock*
John Huston
Elia Kazan
Frank Lloyd
George Stevens
King Vidor*
4 Francis Ford Coppola
Clint Eastwood
Federico Fellini*
Stanley Kubrick*
Sidney Lumet*
Joseph L. Mankiewicz
Mike Nichols
Peter Weir*
{{col-end}}

Age superlatives

RecordDirectorFilmAge (in years){{Abbr|Ref.|Reference
Oldest winner Clint Eastwood Million Dollar Baby 74 [102]
Oldest nominee John Huston Prizzi's Honor 79 [102]
Youngest winner Damien Chazelle La La Land 32 [102]
Youngest nominee John Singleton Boyz n the Hood 24 [102]

Diversity of nominees/winners

Asian nominees/winners

As of the 91st Academy Awards, four Asian directors have been nominated a total of six times in this category, and one has won the award two times.

  • 1965 – (JPN) Hiroshi Teshigahara for Woman in the Dunes
  • 1985 – (JPN) Akira Kurosawa for Ran
  • 1999 – (IND/USA) M. Night Shyamalan for The Sixth Sense †
  • 2000 – (TWN) Ang Lee for Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon †
  • 2005 – (TWN) {{sort|Lee|Ang Lee}} for {{sort|Brokeback|Brokeback Mountain}} †
  • 2012 – (TWN) {{sort|Lee|Ang Lee}} for {{sort|Life|Life of Pi}} †

Black nominees

As of the 91st Academy Awards, six black directors have been nominated a total of six times in this category, and none have won the award.[103]

  • 1991 – (USA) John Singleton for Boyz n the Hood §
  • 2009 – (USA) Lee Daniels for Precious †
  • 2013 – (UK) Steve McQueen for 12 Years a Slave ‡
  • 2016 – (USA) Barry Jenkins for Moonlight ‡
  • 2017 – (USA) Jordan Peele for Get Out §†
  • 2018 – (USA) Spike Lee for BlacKkKlansman †

Latin American nominees/winners

As of the 91st Academy Awards, five Latin American directors have been nominated a total of eight times in this category, and three have won the award five times.

  • 1985 – (ARG) Héctor Babenco for Kiss of the Spider Woman †
  • 2003 – (BRA) Fernando Meirelles for City of God
  • 2006 – (MEX) Alejandro G. Iñárritu for Babel †
  • 2013 – (MEX) Alfonso Cuarón for Gravity †
  • 2014 – (MEX) Alejandro G. Iñárritu for Birdman ‡
  • 2015 – (MEX) Alejandro G. Iñárritu for The Revenant †
  • 2017 – (MEX) Guillermo del Toro for The Shape of Water ‡
  • 2018 – (MEX) Alfonso Cuarón for Roma †

Oceanic nominees/winners

As of the 91st Academy Awards, seven Oceanic directors have been nominated a total of eleven times in this category, and one has won the award.

  • 1942 – (AUS) John Farrow for Wake Island †
  • 1983 – (AUS) Bruce Beresford for Tender Mercies †
  • 1985 – (AUS) Peter Weir for Witness †
  • 1989 – (AUS) Peter Weir for Dead Poets Society †
  • 1993 – (NZ) {{sort|Campion|Jane Campion}} for {{sort|Piano|The Piano}} †
  • 1995 – (AUS) Chris Noonan for Babe †
  • 1998 – (AUS) Peter Weir for The Truman Show
  • 2001 – (NZ) Peter Jackson for The Fellowship of the Ring †
  • 2003 – (NZ) Peter Jackson for The Return of the King ‡
  • 2003 – (AUS) Peter Weir for The Far Side of the World †
  • 2015 – (AUS) George Miller for Fury Road †

Female nominees/winners

As of the 91st Academy Awards, five female directors have been nominated a total of five times in the category, and one has won the award.[104]

  • 1976 – (ITA) {{sort|Wertmüller|Lina Wertmüller}} for Seven Beauties
  • 1993 – (NZ) {{sort|Campion|Jane Campion}} for {{sort|Piano|The Piano}} †
  • 2003 – (USA) {{sort|Coppola|Sofia Coppola}} for Lost in Translation †
  • 2009 – (USA) {{sort|Bigelow|Kathryn Bigelow}} for {{sort|Hurt|The Hurt Locker}} ‡
  • 2017 – (USA) Greta Gerwig for Lady Bird §†

Non-English language nominees/winners

As of the 91st Academy Awards, twenty-three directors of non-English language films have been nominated a total of twenty-nine times in this category, and one has won the award.

  • 1961 - (ITA) Federico Fellini for La Dolce Vita, Italian
  • 1962 - (ITA) Pietro Germi for Divorce Italian Style, Italian
  • 1963 - (ITA) Federico Fellini for 8½, Italian
  • 1964 - (GRE) Michael Cacoyannis for Zorba the Greek, Greek
  • 1965 - (JPN) Hiroshi Teshigahara for Woman in the Dunes, Japanese
  • 1966 - (FRA) Claude Lelouch for A Man and a Woman, French
  • 1969 - (GRE) Costa-Gavras for Z, French †
  • 1970 - (ITA) Federico Fellini for Fellini Satyricon, Italian
  • 1972 - (SWE) Jan Troell for The Emigrants, Swedish †
  • 1973 - (SWE) Ingmar Bergman for Cries and Whispers, Swedish †
  • 1974 - (FRA) François Truffaut for Day for Night, French
  • 1975 - (ITA) Federico Fellini for Amarcord, Italian
  • 1976 - (SWE) Ingmar Bergman for Face to Face, Swedish
  • 1976 - (ITA) Lina Wertmüller for Seven Beauties, Italian
  • 1979 - (FRA) Edouard Molinaro for La Cage aux Folles, French
  • 1982 - (GER) Wolfgang Petersen for Das Boot, German
  • 1983 - (SWE) Ingmar Bergman for Fanny and Alexander, Swedish
  • 1985 - (JPN) Akira Kurosawa for Ran, Japanese
  • 1987 - (SWE) Lasse Hallström for My Life as a Dog, Swedish
  • 1994 - (POL) Krzysztof Kieślowski for Red, French
  • 1995 - (GBR) Michael Radford for The Postman, Italian & Spanish †
  • 1998 - (ITA) Roberto Benigni for Life Is Beautiful, Italian †
  • 2000 - (TWN) Ang Lee for Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, Mandarin Chinese †
  • 2002 - (ESP) Pedro Almodóvar for Talk to Her, Spanish
  • 2003 - (BRA) Fernando Meirelles for City of God, Portuguese
  • 2007 - (USA) Julian Schnabel for The Diving Bell and the Butterfly, French
  • 2012 - (AUT) Michael Haneke for Amour, French †
  • 2018 - (MEX) Alfonso Cuarón for Roma, Spanish †
  • 2018 - (POL) Paweł Pawlikowski for Cold War, Polish
bold — Indicates winner

§ — Directorial debut

† — Film nominated for Best Picture

‡ — Film won for Best Picture

Notes

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.filmsite.org/aa27.html|title=1927–28 Academy Awards Winners|publisher=Rainbow Media|last=Dirks|first=Tim|accessdate=November 20, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724204258/http://www.filmsite.org/aa27.html|archivedate=July 24, 2010|df=}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.filmsite.org/oscars30.html|title=Academy Awards Winners (1927/8 – 1939)|publisher=Rainbow Media|last=Dirks|first=Tim|accessdate=November 20, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114184753/http://www.filmsite.org/oscars30.html|archivedate=January 14, 2016|df=}}
3. ^{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021054540/http://www.oscars.org/sites/default/files/87aa_rules.pdf |archivedate=October 21, 2014|url=http://www.oscars.org/sites/default/files/87aa_rules.pdf|title=87th Annual Academy Awards of Merit Rules|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|accessdate=February 8, 2016 |pages=Rule 5.5 & Rule 10 |nopp=Y}}
4. ^{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017160343/http://theenvelope.latimes.com/awards/oscars/env-oscarvote7jan07%2C0%2C6919642%2Cprint.story?coll=env-home-headlines |archivedate=17 October 2006 |url=http://theenvelope.latimes.com/awards/oscars/env-oscarvote7jan07,0,6919642,print.story?coll=env-home-headlines |title=Eight things every voter (and fan) should know about Oscar's decidedly unique nomination process. |first=Steve |last=Pond |accessdate=2007-01-27 |date=January 7, 2006 |publisher=Los Angeles Times |deadurl=yes |df= }}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ew.com/article/2011/01/27/oscar-voter-ballot-reader-poll-results |title=Oscars: The wacky way the Academy counts votes, and the results of our 'If You Were an Oscar Voter' poll |last=Young |first=John |date=27 January 2011 |work=Entertainment Weekly |accessdate=29 February 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506042043/http://www.ew.com/article/2011/01/27/oscar-voter-ballot-reader-poll-results |archivedate=6 May 2016 |df= }}
6. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.filmsite.org/aa38.html|title=1938 Academy Awards Winners and History|publisher=Rainbow Media|last=Dirks|first=Tim|accessdate=November 20, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121060632/http://www.filmsite.org/aa38.html|archivedate=November 21, 2015|df=}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/help/statistics/bestpixdirdiff.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113073946/http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/help/statistics/bestpixdirdiff.html|title=Picture/Director Not from Same Film|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|date=March 11, 2011|archivedate=January 13, 2012|accessdate=February 8, 2016}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.today.com/id/23329024/ns/today-today_entertainment/t/coen-brothers-make-oscar-history/|publisher=Today.com|title=Coen brothers make Oscar history|accessdate=July 1, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207001713/http://www.today.com/id/23329024/ns/today-today_entertainment/t/coen-brothers-make-oscar-history/|archivedate=February 7, 2016|df=}}
9. ^{{harvnb|Crouse|2005|p=257}}
10. ^1 2 Levy 2003, page 52
11. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1929|title=The 1st Academy Awards (1929) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS)|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003037/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1929|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
12. ^The 2nd Academy Awards is unique in being the only occasion where there were no official nominees. Subsequent research by AMPAS has resulted in a list of unofficial or de facto nominees, based on records of which films were evaluated by the judges.
13. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1930 |title=The 2nd Academy Awards Nominees and Winners |accessdate=August 27, 2013 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402002823/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1930 |archivedate=April 2, 2015 |df= }}
14. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1931 |title=The 3rd Academy Awards (1930) Nominees and Winners |accessdate=August 27, 2013 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802115930/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1931 |archivedate=August 2, 2016 |df= }}
15. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1932|title=The 4th Academy Awards (1931) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161102114813/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1932|archivedate=November 2, 2016|df=}}
16. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1933|title=The 5th Academy Awards (1932) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003113/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1933|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
17. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1934|title=The 6th Academy Awards (1933) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201231924/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1934|archivedate=February 1, 2017|df=}}
18. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1935|title=The 7th Academy Awards (1935) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702160154/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1935|archivedate=July 2, 2016|df=}}
19. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1936|title=The 8th Academy Awards (1936) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111071955/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1936|archivedate=November 11, 2014|df=}}
20. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1937|title=The 9th Academy Awards (1937) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702160200/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1937|archivedate=July 2, 2016|df=}}
21. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1938|title=The 10th Academy Awards (1938) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321113206/http://oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1938|archivedate=March 21, 2016|df=}}
22. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1939|title=The 11th Academy Awards (1939) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702160206/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1939|archivedate=July 2, 2016|df=}}
23. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1940|title=The 12th Academy Awards (1940) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128185131/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1940|archivedate=January 28, 2017|df=}}
24. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1941|title=The 13th Academy Awards (1941) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321220635/http://oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1941|archivedate=March 21, 2016|df=}}
25. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1942|title=The 14th Academy Awards (1942) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003256/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1942|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
26. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1943|title=The 15th Academy Awards (1943) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706093739/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/15th-winners.html|archivedate=July 6, 2011|df=}}
27. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1944|title=The 16th Academy Awards (1944) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321095215/http://oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1944|archivedate=March 21, 2016|df=}}
28. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1945|title=The 17th Academy Awards (1945) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702160225/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1945|archivedate=July 2, 2016|df=}}
29. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1946|title=The 18th Academy Awards (1946) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003401/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1946|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
30. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1947|title=The 19th Academy Awards (1947) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003414/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1947|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
31. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1948|title=The 20th Academy Awards (1948) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702160236/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1948|archivedate=July 2, 2016|df=}}
32. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1949|title=The 21st Academy Awards (1949) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111072021/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1949|archivedate=November 11, 2014|df=}}
33. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1950|title=The 22nd Academy Awards (1950) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402002854/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1950|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
34. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1951|title=The 23rd Academy Awards (1951) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128185155/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1951|archivedate=January 28, 2017|df=}}
35. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1952|title=The 24th Academy Awards (1952) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003505/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1952|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
36. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1953|title=The 25th Academy Awards (1953) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111074417/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1953|archivedate=November 11, 2014|df=}}
37. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1954|title=The 26th Academy Awards (1954) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003527/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1954|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
38. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1955|title=The 27th Academy Awards (1955) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220053716/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1955|archivedate=December 20, 2014|df=}}
39. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1956|title=The 28th Academy Awards (1956) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111073646/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1956|archivedate=November 11, 2014|df=}}
40. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1957|title=The 29th Academy Awards (1957) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003615/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1957|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
41. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1958|title=The 30th Academy Awards (1958) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003629/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1958|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
42. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1959|title=The 31st Academy Awards (1959) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003640/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1959|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
43. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1960|title=The 32nd Academy Awards (1960) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908182807/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1960|archivedate=September 8, 2016|df=}}
44. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1961|title=The 33rd Academy Awards (1961) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003651/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1961|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
45. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1962|title=The 34th Academy Awards (1962) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003704/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1962|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
46. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1963|title=The 35th Academy Awards (1963) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702160340/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1963|archivedate=July 2, 2016|df=}}
47. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1964|title=The 36th Academy Awards (1964) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003742/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1964|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
48. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1965|title=The 37th Academy Awards (1965) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003759/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1965|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
49. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1966|title=The 38th Academy Awards (1966) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003812/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1966|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
50. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1967|title=The 39th Academy Awards (1967) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003824/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1967|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
51. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1968|title=The 40th Academy Awards (1968) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003842/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1968|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
52. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1969|title=The 41st Academy Awards (1969) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003856/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1969|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
53. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1970|title=The 42nd Academy Awards (1970) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402002922/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1970|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
54. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1971|title=The 43rd Academy Awards (1971) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003910/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1971|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
55. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1972|title=The 44th Academy Awards (1972) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003926/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1972|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
56. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1973|title=The 45th Academy Awards (1973) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003938/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1973|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
57. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1974|title=The 46th Academy Awards (1974) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003953/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1974|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
58. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1975|title=The 47th Academy Awards (1975) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004005/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1975|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
59. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1976|title=The 48th Academy Awards (1976) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004018/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1976|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
60. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1977|title=The 49th Academy Awards (1977) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004041/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1977|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
61. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1978|title=The 50th Academy Awards (1978) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004056/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1978|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
62. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1979|title=The 51st Academy Awards (1979) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004111/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1979|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
63. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1980|title=The 52nd Academy Awards (1980) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402002939/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1980|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
64. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1981|title=The 53rd Academy Awards (1981) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004127/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1981|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
65. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1982|title=The 54th Academy Awards (1982) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004138/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1982|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
66. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1983 |title=The 55th Academy Awards (1983) Nominees and Winners |accessdate=August 27, 2013 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120905/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/55th-winners.html |archivedate=September 5, 2012 }}
67. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1984|title=The 56th Academy Awards (1984) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004202/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1984|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
68. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1985|title=The 57th Academy Awards (1985) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004214/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1985|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
69. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1986|title=The 58th Academy Awards (1986) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004226/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1986|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
70. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1987|title=The 59th Academy Awards (1987) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004243/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1987|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
71. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1988|title=The 60th Academy Awards (1988) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004300/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1988|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
72. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1989|title=The 61st Academy Awards (1989) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706095646/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/61st-winners.html|archivedate=July 6, 2011|df=}}
73. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1990|title=The 62nd Academy Awards (1990) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402002952/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1990|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
74. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1991|title=The 63rd Academy Awards (1991) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004341/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1991|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
75. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1992|title=The 64th Academy Awards (1992) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004405/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1992|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
76. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1993|title=The 65th Academy Awards (1993) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004418/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1993|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
77. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1994|title=The 66th Academy Awards (1994) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004432/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1994|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
78. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1995|title=The 67th Academy Awards (1995) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004445/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1995|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
79. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1996|title=The 68th Academy Awards (1996) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences)|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004458/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1996|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
80. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1997|title=The 69th Academy Awards (1997) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004512/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1997|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
81. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1998|title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004523/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1998|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
82. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1999|title=The 71st Academy Awards (1999) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004536/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1999|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
83. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2000|title=The 72nd Academy Awards (2000) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003006/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2000|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
84. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2001|title=The 73rd Academy Awards (2001) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004546/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2001|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
85. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2002|title=The 74th Academy Awards (2002) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004559/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2002|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
86. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2003|title=The 75th Academy Awards (2003) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004617/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2003|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
87. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2004|title=The 76th Academy Awards (2004) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004632/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2004|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
88. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2005|title=The 77th Academy Awards (2005) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6qlCyaB0j?url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2005|archivedate=May 27, 2017|df=}}
89. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2006|title=The 78th Academy Awards (2006) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109220946/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2006|archivedate=November 9, 2014|df=}}
90. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2007|title=The 79th Academy Awards (2007) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004711/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2007|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
91. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2008|title=The 80th Academy Awards (2008) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004725/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2008|archivedate=April 2, 2015|df=}}
92. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2009|title=The 81st Academy Awards (2009) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110111206/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2009|archivedate=November 10, 2014|df=}}
93. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2010|title=The 82nd Academy Awards (2010) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929191037/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/82nd-winners.html|archivedate=September 29, 2012|df=}}
94. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2011|title=The 83rd Academy Awards (2011) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yxj8yoHk?url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/83/nominees.html|archivedate=May 26, 2011|df=}}
95. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2012|title=The 84th Academy Awards (2012) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015232303/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2012|archivedate=October 15, 2014|df=}}
96. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2013|title=The 85th Academy Awards (2013) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=August 27, 2013|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014074656/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2013|archivedate=October 14, 2014|df=}}
97. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2014|title=The 86th Academy Awards (2014) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=April 10, 2014|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014193700/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2014|archivedate=October 14, 2014|df=}}
98. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2015|title=The 87th Academy Awards (2015) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=January 15, 2015|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310051043/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2015|archivedate=March 10, 2015|df=}}
99. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2016|title=The 88th Academy Awards (2016) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=January 14, 2016|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS)|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125161918/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2016|archivedate=January 25, 2016|df=}}
100. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2017|title=The 89th Academy Awards (2017) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=January 14, 2017|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS)|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303235233/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2017|archivedate=March 3, 2017|df=}}
101. ^{{cite news |first=Brooks |last=Barnes |title='The Shape of Water' Wins Best Picture as Oscars Project Diversity |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/04/movies/oscars-academy-awards.html |work=The New York Times |date=March 4, 2018 |accessdate=March 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305023608/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/04/movies/oscars-academy-awards.html |archive-date=March 5, 2018 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}
102. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|title=Oldest/Youngest Directing Nominees and Winners |url=http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/help/helpMain.jsp?helpContentURL=statistics/indexStats.html |accessdate=November 19, 2015 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301005626/http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/help/helpMain.jsp?helpContentURL=statistics%2FindexStats.html |archivedate=March 1, 2009 |df= }}
103. ^{{cite news|first=Jacob|last=Stolworthy|date=January 23, 2018|title=Oscar nominations 2018: Jordan Peele and Greta Gerwig's Best Director nods are a win for diversity and creativity|work=The Independent|accessdate=January 23, 2018|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/oscars-2018-greta-gerwig-jordan-peele-get-out-lady-bird-best-director-christopher-nolan-best-picture-a8174161.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123184954/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/oscars-2018-greta-gerwig-jordan-peele-get-out-lady-bird-best-director-christopher-nolan-best-picture-a8174161.html|archive-date=January 23, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}
104. ^{{cite news|first=Sandra|last=Gonzalez|date=January 23, 2018|title=Greta Gerwig's 'Lady Bird' best director nomination is a huge deal|work=CNN|accessdate=January 23, 2018|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/01/23/entertainment/greta-gerwig-lady-bird-oscar-nomination/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123162029/http://www.cnn.com/2018/01/23/entertainment/greta-gerwig-lady-bird-oscar-nomination/index.html|archive-date=January 23, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}

See also

  • BAFTA Award for Best Direction
  • Golden Globe Award for Best Director
  • Independent Spirit Award for Best Director
  • Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Director
  • Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Feature Film

References

{{reflist|30em}}

Bibliography

{{refbegin}}
  • {{cite book

| last = Crouse
| first = Richard
| title = Reel Winners: Movie Award Trivia
| year = 2005
| isbn = 978-1-55002-574-3
| location = Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| edition =
| oclc =
| publisher = University of Toronto Press
| ref = Harv
| postscript =
}}
  • {{cite book

| last = Levy
| first = Emanuel
| title = All About Oscar: The History and Politics of the Academy Awards
| year = 2003
| isbn = 978-0-8264-1452-6
| location = New York, United States
| edition =
| OCLC =
| publisher = Continuum International Publishing Group
| ref = Levy
| postscript =
}}{{refend}}

External links

  • Oscars.org (official Academy site)
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20080913120840/http://www.oscars.org/awardsdatabase/index.html The Academy Awards Database] (official site)
  • Oscar.com (official ceremony promotional site)
{{Academy Awards}}{{Academy Awards lists}}{{Academy Award Best Directing}}{{featured list}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Academy Award For Best Directing}}

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