| 词条 | Percy Sykes |
| 释义 |
| name = Sir Percy Molesworth Sykes | image = Percy Sykes.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Brigadier Sir Percy Sykes with officers of original Mission Bandar Abbas, April 1916. (Standing) Major E Howell, Captain Durham, (Seated) Major G. Blair (Staff Officer) Brig General Sir Percy Sykes, Captain R.C. Ruck. | birth_date = 28 February 1867 | death_date = {{d-da|11 June 1945|28 February 1867}} | birth_place = | death_place = | placeofburial = | placeofburial_label = | placeofburial_coordinates = | nickname = | birth_name = Percy Molesworth Sykes | allegiance = {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom | branch = {{army|British India|23px}} | serviceyears = | rank = Brigadier General | servicenumber = | unit = 16th Lancers, 2nd Dragoon Guards (Queens Bays) | commands = Consul-General Khuzestan, | battles = Second Boer War | battles_label = | awards = Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire Companion of the Order of the Bath Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George | relations = | laterwork = | signature = | website = }} Brigadier-General Sir Percy Molesworth Sykes, {{postnominals|country=GBR|sep=,|KCIE|CB|CMG}} (28 February 1867 – 11 June 1945) was a soldier, diplomat, and scholar with a considerable literary output. He wrote historical, geographical, and biographical works, as well as describing his travels in Persia. Early lifePercy Sykes was born in Brompton, Kent, England the only son of Army chaplain Rev. William Sykes (b. 1829)[1] and his wife Mary, daughter of Captain Anthony Oliver Molesworth, of the Royal Artillery, descended from Robert Molesworth, 1st Viscount Molesworth.[2][3] William was the second son of Richard Sykes, of Edgeley House, Stockport, owner of the Sykes Bleaching Company; Percy Sykes was thus the nephew of Richard Sykes the rugby player who founded towns in America, and cousin of Sir Alan Sykes, 1st Baronet who was MP for Knutsford, Cheshire.[4][5] He was educated at Rugby School and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.[6] Military careerSykes was commissioned into the 16th Lancers, but transferred to the 2nd Dragoon Guards in 1888. He was posted to India and made several journeys through Persia and Baluchistan. He was sent on a secret mission in November 1892 when he went to Uzbekistan on the Trans-Caspian Railway.[6] Promotion to lieutenant followed on 26 April 1895, and to captain on 8 December 1897. During the Second Boer War he served as second in command of the 9th Battalion, Imperial Yeomanry until September 1901.[6] He later served with the Intelligence Department[7] and was wounded in the leg.[8] He was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 1902 Coronation Honours list on 26 June 1902[9][10] In late 1902 he transferred to the Indian Army, and was Consul at Kerman in Persia. Over the next few years he made extensive journeys in the Middle East and was appointed consul-general for Khūzestān in 1906. In 1915 Sykes was knighted.[8] While stationed in Persia he was given the temporary rank of Brigadier-General, he was placed in command of the South Persia Rifles that he raised himself.[11] His forces, consisting of some four hundred and fifty men, supported the Russians at Isfahan against Bakhtiaras and restored some order to the country. Once stationed at Isfahan, Sykes used numerous excuses to remain, including a supposed Russian request that the South Persia rifles be used as a garrison for Isfahan.[11] By 1917 numerous British authorities were calling for his removal save Lord Curzon. Despite this, Sykes was finally recalled in 1918.[11] Later lifeSykes retired from the army in 1924, retaining the honorary rank of Brigadier-General. From 1932 until his death he was honorary secretary of the Royal Central Asian Society, now known as the Royal Society for Asian Affairs. The society has in its gift an award called The Sir Percy Sykes Memorial Medal.[12] The Royal Geographical Society awarded him the Back grant in 1899 and the Patron's Gold Medal in 1902.[13] Family and legacyIn 1902 he married Evelyn Seton, eldest daughter of Colonel Bruce Seton of the Royal Engineers and they had six children. His daughter Rachel married Sir Patrick Reilly the diplomat. Percy's family later introduced the "Sykes medal", awarded to those who contributed to the understanding of Persia and Central Asia.[14] Publications
Notes1. ^Two Hundred Years of the S.P.G.: An Historical Account of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 1701-1900, Based on a Digest of the Society's Records, vol. I, Charles Frederick Pascoe, 1901, p. 929 2. ^Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, 2003, vol. 2, p. 2720 3. ^Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, fortieth edition, Sir Bernard Burke, Harrison, Pall Mall, 1878, p. 835 4. ^Alumni Oxonienses: The Members of the University of Oxford 1715-1886, later series, S-Z, ed. Joseph Foster, Parker & Co., 1888, p. 1380 5. ^Two Hundred Years of the S.P.G.: An Historical Account of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 1701-1900, Based on a Digest of the Society's Records, vol. I, Charles Frederick Pascoe, 1901, p. 929 6. ^{{London Gazette|issue=27454|page=4511| date=15 July 1902}} 7. ^Percy Molesworth Sykes, Y.M. Choueiri, A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing: A-J, ed. Daniel R. Woolf, (Routledge, 1998), 871. 8. ^1 Hugh Leach and Susan Marie Farrington, Strolling About on the Roof of the World: The First Hundred Years of the Royal Society for Asian Affairs, (Routledge, 2003), 185. 9. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=The Coronation Honours |day_of_week=Thursday |date=26 June 1902 |page_number=5 |issue=36804| }} 10. ^{{London Gazette |issue=27456 |date=22 July 1902 |page=4669 }} 11. ^1 2 Bureaucracies at War:The British in the Middle East in the First World War, John S. Galbraith and Robert A. Huttenback, National and International Politics in the Middle East: Essays in Honour of Elie Kedourie, ed. Edward Ingram, (Routledge, 2013), 117-119. 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rsaa.org.uk/page/awards|title=RSAA Awards|publisher=RSAA|accessdate=3 June 2013}} 13. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Royal Geographical Society |day_of_week=Saturday |date=15 March 1902 |page_number=12 |issue=36716| }} 14. ^{{cite book|last1=RamHormozi|first1=H.|title=Averting An Iranian Geopolitical Crisis: A Tale of Power Play for Dominance Between Colonial Powers, Tribal and Government Actors in the Pre and Post World War One Era|date=2016|publisher=FriesenPress|isbn=9781460280669|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qzUGDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT210|language=en}} 15. ^1 2 3 4 * {{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7307/ |title = A History of Persia |website = World Digital Library |year = 1921 |accessdate = 2013-10-01 }} References
External links
15 : English explorers|1945 deaths|1867 births|16th The Queen's Lancers officers|2nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays) officers|British Army personnel of the Second Boer War|British Indian Army generals|Iranologists|English travel writers|Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst|Indian Army personnel of World War I|People educated at Rugby School|Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire|Companions of the Order of the Bath|Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George |
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