| 词条 | Philip Handler |
| 释义 |
| name = Philip Handler | image = | image_size = | caption = | title = President of the National Academy of Sciences | order = 18th | term_start = 1969 | term_end = 1981 | predecessor = Frederick Seitz | successor = Frank Press | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|8|13}} | birth_place = New York City | death_date = {{death date and age|1981|12|29|1917|8|13}} | death_place = Boston, MA | residence = | citizenship = United States | nationality = | module = | field = Biochemistry | work_institution = Duke University | alma_mater = City College of New York (B.S) (1936) University of Illinois (Ph.D) (1939) | thesis_title = The metabolism of N-substituted amino acids | thesis_url = https://search.proquest.com/docview/301824021/ | thesis_year = 1939 | doctoral_advisor = H. E. Carter | doctoral_students = Irwin Fridovich | known_for = The textbook Principles of Biochemistry, and the popular book Biology & The Future of Man | author_abbreviation_bot = | author_abbreviation_zoo = | prizes = National Medal of Science (1981) | footnotes = }} Philip Handler (August 13, 1917 – December 29, 1981) was an American nutritionist, and biochemist. He was President of the United States National Academy of Sciences for two terms from 1969 to 1981. He was also a recipient of the National Medal of Science. BiographyHandler grew up in a Jewish family in New York City. He received his B.S. degree from the City College of New York in 1936 and his Ph.D. from University of Illinois in 1939.[1] He taught at Duke University where he was named the youngest chairman of the Department of Biochemistry at age 35. Handler remained at Duke until 1969 at which point he accepted the position of president of the National Academy of Sciences. As a biochemist, he published more than 200 papers on nutrition and metabolic activity. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1964. He received the National Medal of Science in 1981 for, "his outstanding contribution to biochemical research, resulting in significant contributions to mankind, including research which led to a clearer understanding of pellagra" (Bioscience Article). His research led to the first understanding of nicotinic acid deficiency, and the discovery of the tryptophan-nicotinic acid relationship. Handler also provided an understanding of the oxidation of sarcosine to glycine and formaldehyde which led to the importance of single carbon atoms in metabolism. His final work showed that methionine is the only methyl donor in mammalian metabolism, and that there is no pool of methyl groups. As President of the National Academy Of Sciences, Handler was instrumental in opening a dialog on US-Soviet cooperation in outer space with his counterpart at the Soviet Academy of Sciences in 1970. These discussions would ultimately lead to a joint US-Soviet spaceflight in 1975, the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.[2] Handler was also responsible for perhaps one of the most notable statues relating to science in the United States – that of Albert Einstein at the grounds of the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, DC. Handler was also involved in the creation of the US Federal Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW), which is the predecessor to the US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Within HEW, Handler had a significant impact on the creation of a multitude of centers within the National Institutes of Health, spurred in part by a growing interest in the biosciences, his position on various governmental committees, and the book Biology & The Future of Man which read like a blueprint for a generation of work in the life sciences. Rather abruptly, Handler died in Boston on December 29, 1981, of pneumonia, after prolonged suffering from lymphoma, just short of six months after leaving office at the Academy. He never returned to Duke University as he had planned nor was he to leave the hospital after his admission for a thorough checkup in August 1981. He chose that his ashes be placed alongside those of his colleagues at Duke University Medical Center, where he started his academic research career. Positions HeldEmployment
Public ServiceGovernmental Positions
Honors
Selected QuotationsMany of the quotes were found in the Memorial Program honoring his life and held at the National Academy of Sciences.[3] "I am committed to defense of the human rights of all persons, but those of scientists in particular. Not so much because humanity may be denied the fruits of their science, but because they are precious as human beings; because abrogation of their rights is injurious to all mankind; because, as thoughtful intellectuals, scientists not infrequently become involved in the defense of the human rights of others..." – "Science in a Free Society" The Phi Beta Kappa Bicentennial Lecture. College of William and Mary. December 6, 1976 "Creative scientific research is one of the very purposes of our society akin to imaginative scholarship in the humanities and innovation in the arts. Surely, no other course available to this civilization is as hopeful as the continuing subtle interplay of science and developing technology." From "The University in a World in Transition." The Convocation Address at the One Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the University of Virginia. October 21, 1969. "Do not fear change – help to guide it. Every technology since fire and the wheel confronted humanity simultaneously with the prospect of great benefit – and of considerable hazard, with potential for good and for evil." From "Science in a Free Society" A Commencement Ceremony Address. Southwestern at Memphis. May 30, 1977. References{{refbegin}}1. ^{{cite thesis |url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/301824021/ |title=The metabolism of N-substituted amino acids |date=1939 |publisher=University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign |type=Ph.D. |last=Handler |first=Philip |via=ProQuest |subscription=yes |oclc=27415698}} 2. ^{{cite journal |author1=Ezell, Edward Clinton |author2=Ezell, Linda Neuman |year=1978 |title=The Partnership: A History of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project |journal=NASA History Series |issue=NASA Special Publication-4209 |publisher=NASA |url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4209/prolog.htm |accessdate=2009-03-17}} 3. ^Memorial Service Program handed out at the National Academy of Sciences. Washington, D.C. February 8, 1982
External links
6 : 1917 births|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|1981 deaths|American biochemists|National Medal of Science laureates|American nutritionists |
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