| 释义 |
- Distribution
- Anatomy
- Taxonomy
- Genera
- References
- External links
{{Taxobox
| fossil_range= {{fossil range|Pleistocene|ref=[1]|Recent}}
| image =Achatina fulica Hawaii.jpg
| image_caption = Giant East African Snail, Achatina fulica
| regnum = Animalia
| phylum = Mollusca
| classis = Gastropoda
| unranked_superfamilia = clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade Panpulmonata
clade Eupulmonata
clade Stylommatophora
informal group Sigmurethra
| superfamilia = Achatinoidea
| familia = Achatinidae
| familia_authority = Swainson, 1840[1]
| diversity_link = Diversity of gastropods
| diversity_ref = [3]
| diversity =176 extant species and subspecies in 16 genera within Achatinidae sensu stricto
}}Achatinidae (New Latin, from Greek "agate") is a family of medium to large sized tropical land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks from Africa. Well known species include Achatina achatina the Giant African Snail, and Achatina fulica the Giant East African Snail. As of 2011 there were recognized 176 extant species and subspecies in 16 genera within Achatinidae.[2] Distribution The native distribution of Achatinidae is Africa south of the Sahara.[3] AnatomyIn this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 26 and 30 (according to the values in this table).[4] Taxonomy The family Achatinidae is classified within the informal group Sigmurethra, itself belonging to the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata (according to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).[5] As of 2017, the family Achatinidae contains the following subfamilies:[6] - Achatininae Swainson, 1840 - synonyms: Urceidae Chaper, 1884; Ampullidae Winckworth, 1945
- Coeliaxinae Pilsbry, 1907
- Cryptelasminae Germain, 1916
- Glessulinae Godwin-Austin, 1920
- Opeatinae Thiele, 1931
- Petriolinae Schileyko, 1999
- Pyrgininae Germain, 1916
- Rishetiinae Schileyko, 1999
- Rumininae Wenz, 1923
- Stenogyrinae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877
- Subulininae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877
- Thyrophorellinae Girard, 1895
Genera Genera in the family Achatinidae include:[6] Achatininae - Achatina Lamarck, 1799 - type genus of the family Achatinidae[5]
- Archachatina Albers, 1850[7]
- Atopocochlis Crosse & P. Fischer, 1888
- Bequaertina Mead, 1994
- Brownisca Mead, 2004
- Bruggenina Mead, 2004[8]
- Burtoa Bourguignat, 1889
- Callistoplepa Ancey, 1888
- Cochlitoma Férussac, 1821
- Columna Perry, 1811
- Leptocala Ancey, 1888
- Leptocalina Bequaert, 1950
- Leptocallista Pilsbry, 1904
- Lignus Gray, 1834
- Limicolaria Schumacher, 1817
- Limicolariopsis d'Ailly, 1910
- Metachatina Pilsbry, 1904
- Pseudachatina Albers, 1850
Coeliaxinae - Coeliaxis H. Adams & Angas, 1865
- Ischnocion Pilsbry, 1907
- Neosubulina Smith, 1898
Cryptelasminae - Cryptelasmus Pilsbry, 1907
- Thomea Girard, 1893
Glessulinae Opeatinae - Eremopeas Pilsbry, 1906
- Opeas Albers, 1850
Petriolinae - Bocageia Girard, 1893
- Ceras Dupuis & Putzeys, 1901
- Chilonopsis Fischer de Waldheim, 1848
- Cleostyla Dall, 1896
- Comoropeas Pilsbry, 1906
- Dictyoglessula Pilsbry, 1919
- Homorus Albers, 1850
- Ischnoglessula Pilsbry, 1919
- Itiopiana Preston, 1910
- Kempioconcha Preston, 1913
- Liobocageia Pilsbry, 1919
- Mabilliella Ancey, 1886
- Nothapalinus Connolly, 1923
- Nothapalus von Martens, 1897
- Oleata Ortiz de Zarate, 1959
- Oreohomorus Pilsbry, 1919
- Petriola Dall, 1905
- Subuliniscus Pilsbry, 1919
- Subulona Martens, 1889
Pyrgininae - Pseudobalea Shuttleworth, 1854
- Pyrgina Greef, 1882
Rishetiinae - Bacillum Theobald, 1840
- Eutomopeas Pilsbry, 1946
- Rishetia Godwin-Austen, 1920
- Tortaxis Pilsbry, 1906
Rumininae - Balfouria Crosse, 1884
- Krapfiella Preston, 1911
- Lubricetta Haas, 1928
- Namibiella Zilch, 1954
- Riebeckia von Martens, 1883
- Rumina Risso, 1826
- Xerocerastus Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1902
Stenogyrinae - Chryserpes Pilsbry, 1906
- Cupulella Aguayo & Jaume, 1948
- Dolicholestes Pilsbry, 1906
- Lyobasis Pilsbry, 1903
- Neobeliscus Pilsbry, 1896
- Obeliscus Beck, 1837
- Ochroderma Ancey, 1885
- Ochrodermatina Thiele, 1931
- Ochrodermella Pilsbry, 1907
- Plicaxis Sykes, 1903
- Promoussonius Pilsbry, 1906
- Protobeliscus Pilsbry, 1906
- Rhodea Adams & Adams, 1855
- Stenogyra Shuttleworth, 1854
- Synapterpes Pilsbry, 1896
- Zoniferella Pilsbry, 1906
Subulininae - Allopeas H. B. Baker, 1935
- Beckianum Baker, 1961
- Curvella Chaper, 1885
- Dysopeas Baker, 1927
- Euonyma Melvill & Ponsonby, 1896
- Hypolysia Melvill & Ponsonby, 1901
- Lamellaxis Strebel & Pfeffer, 1882
- Leptinaria Beck, 1837
- Leptopeas Baker, 1927
- Micropeas Connolly, 1923
- Neoglessula Pilsbry, 1909
- Paropeas Pilsbry, 1906
- Pelatrinia Pilsbry, 1907
- Prosopeas Mörch, 1876
- Pseudoglessula Boettger, 1892
- Pseudopeas Putzeys, 1899
- Striosubulina Thiele, 1933
- Subulina Beck, 1837
- Vegrandinia Salvador, Cunha & Simone, 2013
- Zootecus Westerlund, 1887
Thyrophorellinae - Thyrophorella Greeff, 1882
References 1. ^Swainson W. J. (1840). A treatise on malacology161: 334.
2. ^1 Protiva T. (2011). Oblovky plži čeledi Achatinidae. Robimaus, 72 pp., {{ISBN|9788087293225}}.
3. ^1 "Family summary for Achatinidae". AnimalBase, last change 24-11-2007, accessed 3 August 2010
4. ^Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): [https://books.google.com/books?id=WlvX-9Wt0toC&hl The biology of terrestrial molluscs]. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, {{ISBN|0-85199-318-4}}. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
5. ^1 {{Bouchet 2005}}
6. ^1 {{WRMS source|278821|Bank, R. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16th, 2017.|10 January 2019}}
7. ^Achatininae in www.petsnails.co.uk
8. ^Mead A. R. (2004). "Comparative reproductive anatomy in the South African giant land snails (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Achatinidae)". Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden 78: 417-449.
External links{{Wikispecies}}{{Commonscat}}- Achatinidae
- Extensive information on Achatina and Archachatina in captivity with a helpful forum.
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20100615051116/http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/gas/index.shtml US Dept of Agriculture]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q386510}} 2 : Achatinidae|Extant Pleistocene first appearances |