| 词条 | Procolophonidae |
| 释义 |
| taxon = Procolophonidae | fossil_range = Late Permian - Late Triassic | image = Procolophon_BW.jpg | image_caption = Life restoration of Procolophon pricei from the Early Triassic of South Africa | authority = Seeley, 1888 | subdivision_ranks = Subgroups | subdivision = See text. | synonyms =
}} Procolophonidae is an extinct family of parareptiles from the Permian and Triassic periods. They were shaped like stocky lizards, with broad-cheeked skulls. Their cheeks sported a stout backward-pointing spike. Hypsognathus, from North America, had many cheek spikes. Procolophon, the genus after which the group was named, is unusual. Their skulls resemble the turtles', sharing a posttemporal fenestra. Accordingly, they have historically been classed alongside the turtles under the Anapsida. Up to the early Triassic, their teeth were sharp, indicating an insectivorous diet. Later in the Triassic their teeth became broader, indicating a switch to a herbivorous diet. They became extinct at the end of the Triassic. Discoveries announced in 2008 suggest that these animals may have lived in Antarctica in the Early Triassic, and were thus among the earliest tetrapods in the Antarctic.[3] PhylogenyBelow is a cladogram from Ruta et al. (2011):[4] {{clade| style=font-size:85%;line-height:85%|label1=Procolophonidae |1={{clade |1=Coletta seca |2=Pintosaurus magnidentis |3=Sauropareion anoplus |4=Kitchingnathus untabeni |5={{clade |1=Phaanthosaurus ignatjevi |2=Phaanthosaurus simus}} |6={{clade |label1=Theledectinae |1={{clade |1=Eumetabolodon dongshengensis |2=Theledectes perforatus }} |2={{clade |1=Tichvinskia vjatkensis |2={{clade |label1=Leptopleuroninae |1={{clade |1=Pentaedrusaurus ordosianus |2={{clade |1=Neoprocolophon asiaticus |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Sclerosaurus armatus |2=Scoloparia glyphanodon}} |2={{clade |1=Leptopleuron lacertinum |2={{clade |1=Soturnia caliodon |2=Hypsognathus fenneri}} }} }} }} }} |label2=Procolophoninae |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Eumetabolodon bathycephalus |2={{clade |1=Procolophon trigoniceps |2=Teratophon spinigenis |3=Thelerpeton oppressus }} }} |2={{clade |1=Timanophon raridentatus |2={{clade |1=Thelephon contritus |2={{clade |1=Anomoiodon liliensterni |2={{clade |1=Kapes amaenus |2=Kapes bentoni |3=Kapes komiensis |4=Kapes majmesculae References1. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Cisneros | first1 = J. C. | title = Phylogenetic relationships of procolophonid parareptiles with remarks on their geological record | doi = 10.1017/S1477201907002350 | journal = Journal of Systematic Palaeontology | volume = 6 | issue = 3 | pages = 345–366 | year = 2008 | pmid = | pmc = }} 2. ^{{Cite journal | author = Hans-Dieter Sues and Robert R. Reisz | title = Anatomy and Phylogenetic Relationships of Sclerosaurus armatus (Amniota: Parareptilia) from the Buntsandstein (Triassic) of Europe | journal = Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology | volume = 28 | issue = 4 | pages = 1031–1042 | year = 2008 | doi=10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1031}} 3. ^https://www.livescience.com/2580-fossils-suggest-ancient-cat-sized-reptiles-antarctica.html 4. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Ruta | first1 = M. | last2 = Cisneros | first2 = J. C. | last3 = Liebrecht | first3 = T. | last4 = Tsuji | first4 = L. A. | last5 = Müller | first5 = J. | title = Amniotes through major biological crises: Faunal turnover among Parareptiles and the end-Permian mass extinction | doi = 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01051.x | journal = Palaeontology | volume = 54 | issue = 5 | pages = 1117–1137 | year = 2011 | pmid = | pmc = }} Sources
External links
4 : Procolophonids|Prehistoric reptile families|Late Triassic extinctions|Lopingian first appearances |
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