| 词条 | Ecma International |
| 释义 |
|name = Ecma International |image = Ecma_International_logo.png |image_border = |size = 149 |caption = |map = |msize = |mcaption = |abbreviation = Ecma |motto = |formation = {{start date and age|1961}} |extinction = |type = Standards organization |status = |purpose = Standardization of Information and Communication Technology and Consumer Electronics |headquarters = Geneva, Switzerland |location = |coords = |region_served = Worldwide |membership = |language = English |main_organ = General Assembly |parent_organization = |affiliations = |num_staff = |num_volunteers = |budget = by membership dues |key_people = {{Plainlist|
}} |website = www.ecma-international.org |remarks = }} Ecma is a standards organization for information and communication systems.[1] It acquired its current name in 1994, when the European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) changed its name to reflect the organization's global reach and activities. As a consequence, the name is no longer considered an acronym and no longer uses full capitalization. The organization was founded in 1961 to standardize computer systems in Europe. Membership is open to large and small companies worldwide that produce, market or develop computer or communication systems, and have interest and experience in the areas addressed by the group's technical bodies. It is located in Geneva. AimsEcma aims to develop standards and technical reports to facilitate and standardize the use of information communication technology and consumer electronics; encourage the correct use of standards by influencing the environment in which they are applied; and publish these standards and reports in electronic and printed form. Ecma publications, including standards, can be freely copied by all interested parties without copyright restrictions. The development of standards and technical reports is done in co-operation with the appropriate national, European and international organisations. Unlike national standardization bodies, Ecma is a membership-based organization. It takes pride in the resulting "business-like" approach to standards, claimed to lead to better standards in less time, thanks to a less bureaucratic process focused on achieving results by consensus.{{Citation needed|date=April 2016}} Ecma has actively contributed to worldwide standardization in information technology and telecommunications. More than 400 Ecma Standards[2] and 100 Technical Reports[3] have been published, more than 2/3 of which have also been adopted as international standards and/or technical reports. The memberlist of Ecma International is available on its website.[4] Its members include IT companies, IT trade associations, universities, foundations and public institutions. Standards{{Main|List of Ecma standards}}Ecma International is responsible for several standards, including:
Java programming languageAlthough Sun Microsystems submitted its Java programming language to Ecma, Sun subsequently withdrew the submission. Thus, Ecma is not responsible for the standardization of Java.[22] Office Open XML formatsEcma is involved in the standardization of the Office Open XML format based on the XML office document formats by Microsoft. The Ecma Office Open XML maintenance process is performed by technical committee 45 (TC45).[23] Eco DeclarationIn Ecma International Standard 370,[24] Ecma joined with the Scandinavian IT Eco Declaration organisation to put forward a guideline for informing consumers about the environmental practices of the manufacturers of ICT and consumer electronics products. The IT Eco Declaration includes information on the environmental practices of the manufacturer as well as product features, such as environmentally conscious design, batteries, acoustic noise, electrical safety, energy consumption, chemical emissions, substances and materials included, and packaging. This makes it easy to compare different suppliers and their products, as they all present the environmental features of their products in the same way, through a common industry standard reporting form. See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/Ecmabylaws.htm|title=Ecma By-laws|work=ecma-international.org}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Standard.htm|title=Ecma Standards - list|work=ecma-international.org}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/techreports/techrep.htm|title=Ecma Technical Reports|work=ecma-international.org}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/members.htm|title=Ecma Members|work=ecma-international.org}} 5. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-006.htm| title=Standard ECMA-6, 7-bit Coded Character Set| date=December 1991| accessdate=2015-03-28}} 6. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-035.htm| title=Standard ECMA-35, Character Code Structure and Extension Techniques| date=December 1994| accessdate=2015-03-28}} 7. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-048.htm| title=Standard ECMA-48, Control Functions for Coded Character Sets| date=June 1991| accessdate=2015-03-28}} 8. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-119.htm| title=Volume and File Structure of CDROM for Information Interchange| date=December 1987| accessdate=2007-07-13| website=Ecma International}} 9. ^{{cite web| title=Standard ECMA-262, ECMAScript Language Specification| website=Ecma International| url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/ecma-262.htm| accessdate=January 13, 2018}} 10. ^{{cite web| title=Standard ECMA-334, C# Language Specification| website=Ecma International| url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-334.htm| accessdate=January 13, 2018}} 11. ^{{cite web| title=Standard ECMA-335, Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)| website=Ecma International| url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-335.htm| accessdate=August 31, 2005}} 12. ^{{cite web| title=Standard ECMA-341, Environmental design considerations for electronic products| website=Ecma International| url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-341.htm| accessdate=January 13, 2018}} 13. ^{{cite web| title=Standard ECMA-363, Universal 3D File Format| website=Ecma International| url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-363.htm| accessdate=January 13, 2018}} 14. ^{{cite web| title=Standard ECMA-367, Eiffel analysis, design and programming Language| website=Ecma International| url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-367.htm| accessdate=January 13, 2018}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-372.htm|title=Standard ECMA-372|website=Ecma International}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-377.htm|title=Standard ECMA-377|website=Ecma International}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-378.htm|title=Standard ECMA-378|website=Ecma International}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-388.htm|title=Standard ECMA-388|website=Ecma International}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-402.htm|title=Standard ECMA-402|website=Ecma International}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-404.htm|title=Standard ECMA-404|website=Ecma International|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014093844/http://ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-404.htm|archivedate=2013-10-14}} 21. ^Dart Programming Language Specification 22. ^{{cite web| title=Sun to retain grip on Java| work=Infoworld Electric| url=http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-12-1999/jw-12-iw-standard2.html| date=December 8, 1999}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/TC45.htm|title=TC45 - Office Open XML Formats|website=Ecma International}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-370.htm|title=Standard ECMA-370|work=ecma-international.org}} External links{{commonscat}}
4 : Information technology organisations in Europe|Organisations based in Geneva|Organizations established in 1961|Standards organizations in Switzerland |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。