| 释义 |
- List of economic and monetary unions Proposed Previous
- See also
- References
- Further reading
- External links
{{trade bloc}}An economic and monetary union (EMU) is a type of trade bloc composed of an economic union (common market and customs union) with a monetary union. EMU is established through a currency-related trade pact and the sixth stage of economic integration. An intermediate step between pure EMU and a complete economic integration is the fiscal union. An EMU is distinguished from a mere monetary union (e.g. the Latin Monetary Union in the 19th century), which does not involve a common market. Additionally the autonomous and dependent territories, such as some of the EU member state special territories, are sometimes treated as separate customs territory from their mainland state or have varying arrangements of formal or de facto customs union, common market and currency union (or combinations thereof) with the mainland and in regards to third countries through the trade pacts signed by the mainland state.[1] List of economic and monetary unions- Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (1999/2002) with the Euro for the Eurozone members
- de facto the OECS Eastern Caribbean Currency Union with the East Caribbean dollar in the CSME (2006)[2]
- de facto Switzerland–Liechtenstein[3]
Proposed| Community | Currency | Region | Target date | Notes |
|---|
| Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) | Central African CFA franc | Cameroon}}
{{flag|Central African Republic}}
{{flag|Chad}}
{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
{{flag|Gabon}-> | not yet functioning common market | | West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA) | West African CFA franc | Benin}}
{{flag|Burkina Faso}}
{{flag|Côte d'Ivoire}}
{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}
{{flag|Mali}}
{{flag|Niger}}
{{flag|Senegal}}
{{flag|Togo}-> | not yet functioning common market | | Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) | Khaleeji | Middle East | Possibly gold backed, but postponed due to the financial crisis. | | East African Community (EAC) | East African shilling | Africa | 2015 | To be used by the future East African Federation | | Caribbean Single Market and Economy (as part of the CARICOM) | Latin America
/Caribbean | 2015 | To supplement the OECS Eastern Caribbean Currency Union | | Southern African Customs Union (SACU) | South African Rand | Africa | 2015 | de facto for the CMA member when the SADC economic union is established | | Southern African Development Community (SADC) | South African Rand
(interim proposal) | Africa | 2016 | To supplement or succeed the CMA and Southern Africa Customs Union | | South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation | South Asia | date=August 2010}} | | Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) | Latino[4] | Latin America
/Caribbean | 2019 | | Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) | Africa | To supplement the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) | | Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) | Africa | To succeed UEMOA and WAMZ | | African Economic Community | Africa | 2028 | See African Monetary Union | | Union State of Russia and Belarus | Russian ruble | Europe | | Arab League | Arab Dinar | Arab states | Arab Dinar has been proposed ever since the creation of the Arab Monetary Fund, expected for serious plans of doing so, after the creation of the proposed Arab Union. | | Eurasian Economic Union | Altyn | Eurasia | 2025 | Kazakhstani President Nursultan Nazarbayev had first proposed, in 2009, the creation of a common noncash currency called "yevraz" for the Eurasian Economic Community. It would have reportedly helped insulate the countries from the global economic crisis.[5] In 2012, the idea of the new joint currency found support from Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev and by 2014 proposals were drafted in Eurasian Commission documents for the establishment of a Eurasian Central Bank and a common currency to be called the altyn which is to be introduced by 2025.[6] |
Previous{{world economic integration}}- Monetary union of the Belgium–Luxembourg Economic Union (1922–2002), superseded by the European EMU
See also- North American Union and North American Currency Union (Amero)[7]
- Pacific Union (one proposal for Australian dollar)
References1. ^EU Overseas countries and some other territories participate partially in the EU single market per part four of the Treaty Establishing the European Community; Some EU Outermost regions and other territories use the Euro of the currency union, others are part of the customs union; some participate in both unions and some in neither.
Territories of the United States, Australian External Territories and Realm of New Zealand territories share the currency and mostly also the market of their respective mainland state, but are generally not part of its customs territory.
2. ^The states participating in both initiatives are Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
3. ^Single market through participation in the internal market of the European Union, customs union since 1924, informal currency union since 1920.
4. ^Proposed by Ecuador's President Rafael Correa on December 15, 2007
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/kazakhstan-suggests-a-new-currency/375212.html|title=Kazakhstan Suggests a New Currency - News|work=The Moscow Times|accessdate=4 June 2015}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus to have new joint currency|url=http://english.pravda.ru/russia/economics/10-04-2014/127325-russia_kazakhstan_belarus_new_currency-0/|accessdate=8 July 2014}}
7. ^Not currently on any political agenda, based mostly off conspiracy theories.
Further reading- Acocella, N. and Di Bartolomeo, G. and Tirelli, P. [2007], ‘Fiscal leadership and coordination in the EMU’, in: ‘Open Economies Review’, 18(3): 281-9.
- {{cite encyclopedia |last1= Bergin |first1=Paul |editor= David R. Henderson (ed.) |encyclopedia=Concise Encyclopedia of Economics |title=Monetary Union |url=http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/MonetaryUnion.html |year=2008 |edition= 2nd |publisher=Library of Economics and Liberty |location=Indianapolis |isbn=978-0865976658 |oclc=237794267}}
External links- African monetary union inches closer
- United States of Southern Africa?
- East Africa's first steps towards union
- West Africa opts for currency union
- Gulf States push for single currency
- 'Limited gains' from Gulf single currency
- Do the Mercosur Countries Form an Optimum Currency Area?
- Argentina plans monetary union
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080803191709/http://quadrant.org.au/php/archive_details_list.php?article_id=503 Quadrant Magazine article on the Pacific]
- Economist – Antipodean currencies (Australia and New Zealand)
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20081218230929/http://www.rba.gov.au/PublicationsAndResearch/Conferences/2001/coleman.pdf Three Perspectives on an Australasian Monetary Union]
- Reasons for the collapse of the Rouble Zone
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20081218230929/http://www.okno.com/ewltr/archive/vol1/ru-ruble-v1n3.pdf In Search of the "Ruble Zone"]
- OECD Development Centre – the Rand Zone
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080204002307/http://www.africasia.co.uk/africanbusiness/ab.php?ID=890&back_month=57 A single African currency in our time?]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20071210153048/http://www.nomadtours.co.za/article_2006-4-23_5.html South Africa proposes adoption of the rand as provisional SADC common currency]
{{Economic integration}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Economic And Monetary Union}} 6 : Trade blocs|Currency unions|International macroeconomics|Proposed currencies|Economic integration|Customs unions |