“Quanjude”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Quanjude ({{zh|c={{linktext|全|聚|德}}|p=Quánjùdé}}, {{Szse|002186}}) is a Chinese restaurant known for its Peking roast duck and its longstanding culinary heritage since its establishment in 1864 in Beijing, China.

Company profile and branches

The restaurant chain sells over 2 million roast ducks served in 400 different styles to over 5 million customers annually. With annual sales reaching 500 million yuan (US$81.5m), the company has an estimated value of 8.458 billion yuan (US$1.38b){{Citation needed|date=February 2007}} with 600 million yuan (US$97.8m) in assets and 700 million yuan (US$114m) in "intangible assets".

After a merger in 2004 with Beijing New Yansha Group, Quanjude is now a part of the Beijing Tourism Group.^[2]

In China

There are 50 affiliates across China.^[3] The first directly run flagship store opened in Changchun, Jilin Province in January 2007.^[4]

Beijing

Quanjude has eight direct branches in Beijing. The original location operates in Qianmen with several other branches in other locations in Beijing.

There is a seven-story restaurant on Hepingmen Ave., a location hand-picked by former Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai. Serving up to 5,000 meals a day, this restaurant covers a floor area of 15,000 square meters with over forty private dining rooms and can simultaneously seat 2,000 guests.

Having established a history and affiliation with the Chinese government at the municipal and central state level, Quanjude has often been used to hold state banquets and to receive celebrities, dignitaries, and important government figures from over 200 countries as distinguished VIP guests. During the APEC banquet held at the Water Cube in Beijing on Nov 10th 2014, eight chefs from Quanjude Group performed a live demonstration on how to carve Peking duck.^[5]

Hong Kong

There is one Quanjude branch in Hong Kong, in Tsim Sha Tsui, where it is known as "Quanjude Roast Duck Restaurant (全聚德烤鴨店)".^[6]

Outside China

In 2017, the first branch outside of China and Taiwan opened in Melbourne, Australia. Since then another has opened in Sydney in 2018.^[8]

History

Quanjude was established in 1864 during the Qing Dynasty under the reign of the Tongzhi Emperor. Although Peking Duck can trace its history many centuries back, Quanjude's heritage of roast duck preparation – using open ovens and non-smoky hardwood fuel such as Chinese date, peach, or pear to add a subtle fruity flavor with a golden crisp to the skin – was originally reserved for the imperial families.

The first Quanjude manager, Yang Renquan, who started out selling chicken and ducks, paid a retired chef from the palace for the imperial recipe. Soon after, Quanjude began to serve roast duck from the imperial kitchen to the common masses. Yang Renquan opened his first, small Dejuquan (得聚全, the three characters being reversed from the current name) inside Yangrou Hutong in Qianmen (前門), which at the time was one of the busiest areas in Beijing. His restaurant became an instant success and has since grown into the current branch in Qianmen that employs over 400 staff members and can occupy 900 guests at one time. The Qianmen restaurant, along with the many other Quanjude branches, together form one of the largest food enterprises in the nation.

On 19 August 1966 Red Guards from 2nd, 25th and 63rd Middle Schools raided the restaurant, smashing the original antique restaurant sign and replacing with a modern one reading "Beijing Roast Duck Restaurant" as part of the Cultural Revolution "Smash the Four Olds" campaign. The name was changed back to Quanjude on February 9, 1980.^[10]

Meaning of the name

Once, when Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai was hosting important foreign guests at Quanjude, one of the guests asked, “What does Quanjude mean?” Premier Zhou answered, "Quan (全) means perfection without a flaw, Ju (聚) means gathering without departing, and De (德) means virtues to be supreme." Therefore, Quanjude together implies perfection, union, and benevolence.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}}

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.qmquanjude.com.cn/index.aspx |title=Quanjude Qianmen Official Site |publisher=Qmquanjude.com.cn |date= |accessdate=2012-12-23}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8815958.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162728/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8815958.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2018-06-12|title=Beijing tourism players form alliance|work=China Daily|last=Xu|first=Dashan}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dickinson.edu/news-and-events/news/2010-11/International-Flavor/ |title=Internship at historic restaurant in Beijing makes news |publisher=Dickinson.edu |date=2010-07-23 |accessdate=2012-12-23}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chinaretailnews.com/2007/01/10/449-quanjude-opens-its-first-directly-run-store-in-northeast-china/ |title=Quanjude Opens Its First Directly-Run Store In Northeast China |publisher=Chinaretailnews.com |date=2007-01-10 |accessdate=2012-12-23}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/culture/2014-11/15/content_18920799_4.htm|title=2014 APEC:China displays its culture and history|author=何可尧|work=chinadaily.com.cn|accessdate=25 September 2015}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hungrygowhere.com/hongkong/hong_kong_quan_jude_roast_duck_restaurant/|title=Singapore Food Guide, Restaurant Reviews & Reservation – HungryGoWhere|work=hungrygowhere.com|accessdate=25 September 2015}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.burpple.com/quanjude-roast-duck-rest/|title=全聚德 Quanjude Roast Duck Rest.|work=Burpple|accessdate=25 September 2015}}
8. ^http://www.quanjudesydney.com.au/about/
9. ^http://www.blogto.com/eat_drink/2017/09/chinese-restaurant-chain-peking-duck-toronto-location/
10. ^Ntdtv.com. 【歷史今天】“全聚德”烤鴨店恢復老字號. 2010-02-10. Accessed 2018-05-11.