“Education in Macau”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Most of the schools in Macau are private or subsidized schools. As of the 2015-2016 school year, there were 74 primary and secondary schools that provided formal education, including ten public schools and 64 private schools. Of the schools all but ten were a part of Macau's free education network.^[1] {{Asof|2006}} many of the schools in Macau are operated by Catholic organizations.^[2] A basic 15 years compulsory, free education, is offered to those pupils who have been enrolled at the schools which have met certain requirements stipulated by the government.

Moreover, the majority of the schools in Macau are grammar schools, which offer language learning, mathematics, science subjects, social studies, etc. to the pupils. There are only a few vocational schools in Macau, offering technical subjects such as car-repairing, electronics, constructions, etc.

As prescribed by the Basic Law of Macau Chapter VI Article 121, the Government of Macau shall, on its own, formulate policies on education, including policies regarding the educational system and its administration, the language of instruction, the allocation of funds, the examination system, the recognition of educational qualifications and the system of academic awards so as to promote educational development. The government shall also in accordance with law, gradually institute a compulsory education system. Community organizations and individuals may, in accordance with law, run educational undertakings of various kinds.

History

According to Sou-kuan Vong and Matilda Wong of the University of Macau, the prevalence of private schools in Macau is due to the Portuguese Macau government practice of not involving itself in educational matters.^[3]

By the early 1950s pro-Communist and pro-Nationalist forces competed over how much influence they had in Macau's education system. Christian schools in Macau gained strength at the expense of secular schools since the Christian schools received support from Christian organizations: the Roman Catholic Diocese of Macau assisted the Catholic schools and various churches based in and outside of Macau assisted the Protestant schools. There were ten schools affiliated with Nationalist forces in Macau during the early 1960s, and at the time the Nationalist forces had more influence than Communist ones. After 1967 and 1968 riots disrupted Nationalist forces, that faction's schools closed.^[4]

As of the 1990s secular private schools, including those supported by the pro-Mainland Macau Chinese Education System, other welfare organizations, and philanthropists; and the Christian schools had about equal amounts of influence and numbers of students.^[5]

System of education

At present, most schools in Macau follow a so-called ″local education system″ . That is, 6 years primary school education, 3 years for junior secondary school education and 3 years for senior secondary school education up to Form 6. In their senior secondary school years, students are usually required to stream in science, commerce, or arts.

Pupils who plan to study further would usually sit for the exam organised by the higher education institutes, or international assessment bodies like Edexcel, CIE and College Board, or the related government bodies in mainland China and Taiwan.

School Grade

Mediums of instruction

Regarding language learning in Macau, Cantonese and English are offered at most of the schools. Macau Portuguese School is currently the only school in Macao offering curricula similar to those of Portugal and a Portuguese-language education for pupils from 1st grade to 12th grade.

Primary, secondary, and vocational education

In the 2007-2008 school year, Macau had 55 private preschool, primary and secondary schools with subsidised tuition, 15 private preschool, primary and secondary schools without subsidised tuition, and 13 government preschool, primary and secondary schools, with a total of 83 primary and secondary schools. These schools altogether had 80,223 students and 4,610 teachers.^[3]

Higher education

There are more than ten higher-learning institutions in Macau. Some students choose to further their studies in the local universities or polytechnics whereas some others choose to further their studies in mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, the UK, the US, Canada, Australia, or some other places.

See also

References

1. ^"Education." Government Information Bureau, Macau (新聞局/Gabinete de Comunicação Social). p. 2/4. Retrieved on April 9, 2017. Portuguese version, Traditional Chinese version, Simplified Chinese version
2. ^Sala, Illaria Maria. {{ill|Il Saggiatore (publisher)|lt=Il Saggiatore|it|il Saggiatore (casa editrice)}}, 2006. {{ISBN|884281038X}}, 9788842810384. p. [https://books.google.ca/books?id=k2PXAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Escola+do+Santissimo+Rosario%22&dq=%22Escola+do+Santissimo+Rosario%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwimoZT3zJXTAhUl2oMKHd0hBHQQ6AEIKDAC 335] ([https://www.google.ca/search?tbm=bks&hl=en&q=vero+modesta%2C+anche+in+considerazione+del+fatto+che+la+maggior+parte+delle+scuole+%C3%A8+tuttora+gestita+da+cattolici%2C+con+nomi+quali+Escola+de+Nossa+Senhora+de+Fatima+e+Escola+do+Santissimo+Rosario. Search view]). "[...]vero modesta, anche in considerazione del fatto che la maggior parte delle scuole è tuttora gestita da cattolici, con nomi quali Escola de Nossa Senhora de Fatima e Escola do Santissimo Rosario."
3. ^¹{{cite journal|author=Vong, Sou-kuan|author2=Matilda Wong|title=Towards a Formalised Teacher Induction System: the Macau experience |journal=Research in Comparative and International Education|volume=4|issue=1|year= 2009 |pages=34–41|doi=10.2304/rcie.2009.4.1.43}} - DOI: [https://dx.doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2009.4.1.34 10.2304/rcie.2009.4.1.34] - Cited: p. 35
4. ^Bray, Mark and Kwok-Chun Tang. "Building and Diversifying Education Systems: Evolving Patterns and Contrasting Trends in Hong Kong and Macau" (Chapter 5). In: Bjork, Christopher (editor). Educational Decentralization: Asian Experiences and Conceptual Contributions (Volume 8 of Education in the Asia-Pacific Region: Issues, Concerns and Prospects). Springer Science & Business Media, March 23, 2007. {{ISBN|1402043589}}, 9781402043581. Start: p. [https://books.google.ca/books?id=u1Syve4eytoC&pg=PA71 71]. CITED: p. [https://books.google.ca/books?id=u1Syve4eytoC&pg=PA83 83].
5. ^Bray, Mark and Kwok-Chun Tang. "Building and Diversifying Education Systems: Evolving Patterns and Contrasting Trends in Hong Kong and Macau" (Chapter 5). In: Bjork, Christopher (editor). Educational Decentralization: Asian Experiences and Conceptual Contributions (Volume 8 of Education in the Asia-Pacific Region: Issues, Concerns and Prospects). Springer Science & Business Media, March 23, 2007. {{ISBN|1402043589}}, 9781402043581. Start: p. [https://books.google.ca/books?id=u1Syve4eytoC&pg=PA71 71]. CITED: p. [https://books.google.ca/books?id=u1Syve4eytoC&pg=PA83 83]-[https://books.google.ca/books?id=u1Syve4eytoC&pg=PA71 71]. CITED: p. [https://books.google.ca/books?id=u1Syve4eytoC&pg=PA84 84].
6. ^{{cite journal|author=Correia, Ana M.|author2=Vitor S. Teixeira|url=https://educa.fmleao.pt/no3-2017/catholic-schools-and-inclusive-education-in-macao-a-journey-of-a-thousand-miles/|title=Catholic schools and inclusive education in Macao: a journey of a thousand miles|journal=Educa (International Journal of Catholic Education)|date=|issn=2183-5136}}