| 词条 | Elias Magnus Fries |
| 释义 |
| name = Elias Magnus Fries | image = Elias_Magnus_Fries.jpg | image_size = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date|1794|8|15|df=y}} | birth_place = Femsjö | death_date = {{death date and age|1878|2|8|1794|8|15|df=y}} | death_place = Uppsala | nationality = Swedish | field = Mycology, Botany | work_institution = Lund University (1814–1834), Uppsala University (1834–1878) | alma_mater = Lund University | known_for = Founder of modern fungal taxonomy | author_abbreviation_bot = Fr. }} Elias Magnus Fries FRS FRSE FLS RAS (15 August 1794 – 8 February 1878) was a Swedish mycologist and botanist. CareerFries was born at Femsjö (Hylte Municipality), Småland, the son of the pastor there. He attended school in Wexiö. He acquired an extensive knowledge of flowering plants from his father. In 1811 Fries entered Lund University[2] where he obtained a doctorate in 1814. In the same year he was appointed an associate professorship in botany. He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and in 1824, became a full professor. In 1834 he became Borgström professor (Swed. Borgströmianska professuren, a chair endowed by Erik Eriksson Borgström, 1708–1770) in applied economics at Uppsala University. The position was changed to "professor of botany and applied economics" in 1851. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1849.[1] That year he was also appointed director of the Uppsala University Botanical Garden. In 1853, he became rector of the University.[2] Fries most important works were the three-volume Systema mycologicum (1821–1832), Elenchus fungorum (1828), the two-volume Monographia hymenomycetum Sueciae (1857 and 1863) and Hymenomycetes Europaei (1874).[5] Fries is considered to be, after Christian Hendrik Persoon, a founding father of the modern taxonomy of mushrooms. His taxonomy of mushrooms was influenced by Goethe and the German romantics. He utilized spore color and arrangement of the hymenophore (pores, gills, teeth etc.) as major taxonomic characteristics.[3][4] He died in Uppsala on 8 February 1878.[5] When he died, The Times commented: "His very numerous works, especially on fungi and lichens, give him a position as regards those groups of plants only comparable to that of Linnaeus".[6] Fries was succeeded in the Borgström professorship (from 1859 to 1876) by John Erhard Areschoug[7], after whom Theodor Magnus Fries, the son of Elias, held the chair (from 1877 to 1899).[8] Publications
Botanical Reference{{botanist|Fr.|Fries, Elias Magnus}}FamilyHis son was Theodor Magnus Fries. References1. ^{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter F|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterF.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|accessdate=15 September 2016}} [9][10]2. ^{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Fries, Elias Magnus}} 3. ^http://www.first-nature.com/fungi/~biog-fries.php 4. ^http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Elias_Magnus_Fries.aspx 5. ^{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0 902 198 84 X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf}} 6. ^The Times, Thursday, 21 February 1878; pg. 6; Issue 29184; col C 7. ^Areschoug, John Erhard in Herman Hofberg, Frithiof Heurlin, Viktor Millqvist, Olof Rubenson, 1906, Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon, Albert Bonniers Förlag, Stockholm, pp 42-43. (In Swedish) 8. ^Fries, Teodor (Thore) Magnus in Herman Hofberg, Frithiof Heurlin, Viktor Millqvist, Olof Rubenson, 1906, Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon, Albert Bonniers Förlag, Stockholm, pp 361-362. (In Swedish) 9. ^1 {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Fries, Elias Magnus}} 10. ^1 {{cite encyclopedia|year=2007|title=Elias Magnus Fries|encyclopedia=Store norske leksikon|editor=Henriksen, Petter|first=Gro|last=Gulden|authorlink=Gro Gulden|author2=Eckblad, Finn-Egil |authorlink2=Finn-Egil Eckblad |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|location=Oslo|url=http://www.snl.no/Elias_Magnus_Fries|language=Norwegian|accessdate=27 March 2009}} }} External links
Seat No.14|years=1847–1878}}{{s-aft|after=Carl Rupert Nyblom}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Fries, Elias Magnus}} 21 : 1794 births|1878 deaths|People from Hylte Municipality|Botanists with author abbreviations|Swedish botanists|Swedish phycologists|Bryologists|Pteridologists|Swedish mycologists|Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences|Foreign Members of the Royal Society|Members of the Swedish Academy|Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences|Corresponding Members of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences|People from Småland|Lund University alumni|Lund University faculty|Uppsala University faculty|Honorary Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh|Fellows of the Linnean Society of London|Burials at Uppsala old cemetery |
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