| 词条 | Elisabet Ney | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Elisabet Ney | image = Elisabeth Ney by Friedrich Kaulbach.jpg | imagesize = | alt = | caption = Elisabet Ney by Friedrich Kaulbach, 1860 With a bust of King George V of Hanover | birth_name = Franzisca Bernadina Wilhelmina Elisabeth Ney | birth_date = {{Birth date|1833|1|26}} | birth_place = Münster, Province of Westphalia, Prussia | death_date = {{Death date and age|1907|6|29|1833|1|26}} | death_place = Austin, Texas, U.S. | nationality = German, American | known_for = Sculpture | notable_works = | style = | movement = | spouse = Edmund Montgomery | patrons = | memorials = Elisabet Ney Museum }} Franzisca Bernadina Wilhelmina Elisabeth Ney (26 January 1833 – 29 June 1907) was a celebrated German-American sculptor who spent the first half of her life and career in Europe, producing portraits of famous leaders such as Otto von Bismarck, Giuseppe Garibaldi and King George V of Hanover. At age 39, she immigrated to Texas with her husband, Edmund Montgomery, and became a pioneer in the development of art there. Among her most famous works during her Texas period were life-size marble figures of Sam Houston and Stephen F. Austin. A large group of her works are housed in the Elisabet Ney Museum, located in her home and studio in Austin. Other works can be found in the Texas State Capitol, the US Capitol, and the Smithsonian American Art Museum. Early lifeNey was born in Münster, in the Province of Westphalia, to Johann Adam Ney, a stonecarver, and Anna Elizabeth. The only other surviving child in the Ney family was her older brother, Fritz. Her parents were Catholics of Alsatian-Polish heritage. She was the great-niece of Michel Ney, Marshal of France. Early in life, she declared her goal "to know great persons."[1][2] CareerEuropeNey grew up assisting her father in his work. She went on a weeks-long hunger strike when her parents opposed her becoming a sculptor, prompting her parents to request the assistance of their local bishop. They finally relented and in 1852, she became the first female sculpture student at the Munich Academy of Art by professor Max von Widnmann. She received her diploma on July 29, 1854. After graduating she moved to Berlin to study under Christian Daniel Rauch.[1][2] Ney opened a studio in Berlin in 1857. The German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer agreed to sit for a sculpted portrait at the persuasion of Edmund Montgomery, whom she would marry in 1863. It was hailed as an artistic success and led to other commissions, most notably Jacob Grimm of the Brothers Grimm, the Italian military leader Giuseppe Garibaldi, the composer Richard Wagner, Cosima von Bülow (the daughter of Franz Liszt and Wagner's future wife), the Prussian-German political figure Otto von Bismarck, and King George V of Hanover. The latter also commissioned bust portraits of the composer Josef Joachim and his wife, the contralto Amalie Weiss Joachim. Shortly after completing the Bismarck bust, Ney was commissioned in 1868 by Prussian agents to sculpt a full-length portrait of Ludwig II of Bavaria in Munich. Her works of this period were in a traditional classical German style with an emphasis on realism and accurate scale.[1][3] United StatesIn the early 1880s, Ney, by then a Texas resident, was invited to Austin by Governor Oran M. Roberts, which resulted in the resumption of her artistic career.[4] In 1892, she built a studio named Formosa in the Hyde Park neighborhood north of Austin and began to seek commissions.[5][6] In 1891, Ney was commissioned by the Board of Lady Managers of the Chicago World's Fair Association, and supplemented with $32,000 by the Texas state legislature, to model figures of Sam Houston and Stephen F. Austin for the Woman's Building at the World's Columbian Exposition World's Fair in 1893.[5][7][8] Ney missed the deadline and the sculptures were not shown at the Exhibition.[9] The marble sculptures of Houston and Austin can now be seen in both the Texas State Capitol in Austin and in the National Statuary Hall Collection in the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C.. She was also commissioned to design a memorial to the career military officer and war hero Albert Sidney Johnston for his grave in the Texas State Cemetery.[10] One of her signature works was the figure of Lady Macbeth; the plaster model is in the Elisabet Ney Museum and the completed marble is in the Smithsonian American Art Museum collection. She succeeded in having the orator, three-time presidential candidate, and noted attorney William Jennings Bryan sit for a portrait; she hoped to sell replicas of this bust to debate clubs across the country. The 1903 life-size portrait bust of Dr. David Thomas Iglehart can be found at Symphony Square in Austin, where it is on permanent loan to the Austin Symphony Society.[11] Possibly the last known work by Ney, that of a tousled haired cherub resting over a grave and known as the 1906 Schnerr Memorial, can be found at Der Stadt Friedhof in Fredericksburg, Texas.[12] In addition to her sculpting activities, Ney was also active in cultural affairs in Austin. Formosa become a center for cultural gatherings and curiosity seekers. The composer Paderewski and the Russian ballerina Anna Pavlova were among her visitors.[5] Personal lifeWhile visiting friends in Heidelberg in 1853, Ney made the acquaintance of a young Scottish medical student, scientist, and philosopher[13] named Edmund Montgomery. It would be a meeting of minds and idealist rebellious spirits. They kept in touch, although she viewed the institution of marriage as a state of bondage for women. He would not be deterred, and after he established a medical practice in Madeira, they were married at the British consulate there on November 7, 1863. Ney, however, remained outspoken about women's roles. She refused to use Montgomery's name, often denied she was even married, and once remarked:[5][14][15] {{quote|Women are fools to be bothered with housework. Look at me; I sleep in a hammock which requires no making up. I break an egg and sip it raw. I make lemonade in a glass, and then rinse it, and my housework is done for the day.}}She wore pants and rode her horses astride as men did. She liked to fashion her own clothes, which, in addition to the slacks, included boots and a black artist frock coat.[2] Montgomery was diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1863. By 1870, the Franco-Prussian War had begun. In autumn of that year, Ney became pregnant with their first child. Montgomery received a letter from his friend, Baron Carl Vicco Otto Friedrich Constantin von Stralendorff of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, who had moved to Thomasville, Georgia with his new wife, Margaret Elizabeth Russell of Boston, Massachusetts, declaring the location "Earth's paradise."[16] On January 14, 1871, Ney and Montgomery, accompanied by their housekeeper, Cenci, immigrated to Georgia, to a colony promoted as a resort for consumptives. Their first son, Arthur, was born there in 1871, but died of diphtheria two years later. Unfortunately, the Thomasville colony did not work out as they had hoped. Baron and Baroness von Stralendorff returned to Wismar, Germany where he died on July 1, 1872.[17][18][19] Ney and Montgomery looked elsewhere in the United States for a place to live, including Minnesota, where their second son, Lorne, was born in 1873. Later that year, Ney traveled alone to Texas. With the help of Julius Runge a businessman in Galveston, she was shown Liendo Plantation near Hempstead in Waller County. On March 4, 1873, Montgomery and the rest of the family arrived, and they purchased the plantation. While he tended to his research, she ran it for the next twenty years. Death and legacyNey died in her studio on June 29, 1907, and is buried next to Montgomery, who died four years later, at Liendo Plantation.[20] Upon her death, Montgomery sold the Formosa studio to Ella Dancy Dibrell. As per her wishes, its contents were bequeathed to the University of Texas at Austin, but were to remain in the building. In 1911, Dibrell and other friends established the Texas Fine Arts Association (after more than a century in existence, the organization is now known as the Contemporary Austin) in her honor. It is the oldest Texas-wide organization existing for support of the visual arts. Formosa is now the home of the Elisabet Ney Museum. In 1941, the City of Austin took over the ownership and operation.[4][8][21] In 1961, Lake Jackson Primary School in Lake Jackson, Texas was renamed Elisabet Ney Elementary School in her honor.[22] GalleryWorksBelow is a partial listing of her works.[23]
References1. ^{{cite book|last=Reimers|first=Peggy A|title=Lone Star Legends|year=2006|publisher=P.A. Reimers|isbn=978-1-4276-0624-2|pages=1–5}} 2. ^1 {{cite book|last=Ingham|first=Donna|title=You Know You're in Texas When...|year=2006|publisher=Globe Pequot|isbn=978-0-7627-3811-3|page=69}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Elisabet Ney Education 1863–1857|url=http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/elisabetney/html/education.html|publisher=City of Austin Parks and Recreation Dept|accessdate=31 October 2010}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|last=Little|first=Carol Morris|title=A Comprehensive Guide to Outdoor Sculpture in Texas|year=1996|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-0-292-76034-9|pages=4–6}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|last=Abernathy|first=Francis Edward|title=Legendary Ladies of Texas|year=1994|publisher=University of North Texas Press|isbn=978-0-929398-75-4|pages=95–105}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Elisabet Ney-Formosa studio|url=http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/elisabetney/html/formosa.html|publisher=City of Austin Parks and Recreation Dept|accessdate=2 November 2010}} 7. ^{{cite book|last=Walton|first=Andrea|title=Women and Philanthropy in Education |year=2005|publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-34466-3|page=248}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|last=Fisher|first=James D|title=Elisabet Ney Museum|url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/kle01|work=Handbook of Texas online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|accessdate=4 November 2010}} 9. ^{{cite web |last1=Nichols |first1=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893| url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt4c.html#ney| accessdate=17 January 2019}} 10. ^{{cite book|last=Baird|first=David|title=Frommer's San Antonio and Austin|year=2009|publisher=Frommers|isbn=978-0-470-43789-6|page=232}} 11. ^Little, Carol Morris, 1996, p75 12. ^{{cite web|title=Elizabeth Emma Schneider Schnerr|url=http://www.fbgtxgensoc.org/photos/sta2/pages/Schnerr,Elizabeth_jpg.html|work=Der Stadt Friedhof|publisher=Fredericksburg Genealogical Society|accessdate=22 April 2014}} 13. ^http://lsjunction.com/people/ney.htm 14. ^1 {{cite book|last=Ledbetter|first=Suzann|title=Shady Ladies: Nineteen Surprising and Rebellious American Women|year=2006|publisher=Forge Books|isbn=978-0-7653-0827-6|pages=179–192}} 15. ^{{cite journal|last=Lau|first=Barbara|title=The Woman Who Found The Women|journal=The Alcalde|date=July 1981|page=14}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=Elisabet Ney Emigration 1871–1873|url=http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/elisabetney/html/emigration.html|publisher=City of Austin Parks and Recreation Dept|accessdate=31 October 2010}} 17. ^{{cite book|last=New England Historic Genealogical Society Staff|title=The New England Historical and Genealogical Register|year=1873|publisher=New England Historic Genealogical Society Staff|page=291}} 18. ^{{cite book|last=Stephens|first=Ira Kendrick|title=The Hermit Philosopher of Liendo|year=1951|publisher=Southern Methodist University Press|page=136}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/smu/00145/smu-00145.html|title=Edmund Montgomery and Elisabet Ney papers|publisher=SMU|accessdate=29 October 2010}} 20. ^{{cite web|title=Liendo Plantation|url=http://www.liendo.org/plantation.html|accessdate=28 October 2010}} 21. ^{{cite book|last=Cohen|first=Rebecca S|title=Art Guide Texas: Museums, Art Centers, Alternative Spaces, and Nonprofit Galleries |year=2004|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-0-292-71230-0|page=305}} 22. ^{{cite web|title=Lake Jackson Elementary School |url=http://ww2.brazosportisd.net/Ney/about/back_to_the_past.htm |publisher=Brazosport ISD |accessdate=4 November 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723033411/http://ww2.brazosportisd.net/Ney/about/back_to_the_past.htm |archivedate=23 July 2011 |df= }} 23. ^Source: Elisabet Ney Museum in Austin, Texas Additional sources{{Library resources box|onlinebooks=yes}}
External links{{Portal|Elisabet Ney}}
15 : 1833 births|1907 deaths|People from Münster|German emigrants to the United States|German-American culture in Texas|Alsatian-German people|Sculptors from Texas|Academy of Fine Arts, Munich alumni|American women sculptors|German women artists|19th-century German sculptors|19th-century American sculptors|20th-century American sculptors|20th-century American women artists|19th-century American women artists |
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