| 词条 | Ruritanian romance |
| 释义 |
Such stories are typically swashbuckling adventure novels, tales of high romance and intrigue, centered on the ruling classes, almost always aristocracy and royalty,[1] although (for instance) Winston Churchill's novel Savrola, in every other way a typical example of the genre, concerns a revolution to restore rightful parliamentary government in the republican country of Laurania. The themes of honor, loyalty and love predominate, and the works frequently feature the restoration of legitimate government after a period of usurpation or dictatorship. History of the genreRomantic stories about the royalty of a fictional kingdom were common, for instance Robert Louis Stevenson's Prince Otto (1885). But it was the great popularity of Anthony Hope's The Prisoner of Zenda (1894) which set the type, with its handsome political decoy restoring the rightful king to the throne, and resulted in a burst of similar popular fiction, such as George Barr McCutcheon's Graustark novels (1901–27) and Frances Hodgson Burnett's The Lost Prince (1915), and other homages.[2] In children's literature, the 1938–39 The Adventures of Tintin comic King Ottokar's Sceptre[3][4][5] eschewed literal romance, but is an adventure about foiling a plot to depose the king of Syldavia. Literary critic John Sutherland says Eric Ambler brought the Ruritarian romance to "its highest pitch" with his 1939 novel The Mask of Dimitrios.[6] The genre was widely spoofed and mocked. George Bernard Shaw's Arms and the Man (1894) parodied many elements.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Dorothy Sayers's Have His Carcase (1932) featured as the murder victim a man deceived by his murderers because of his foolish belief in his royal ancestry, fed by endless reading of Ruritanian romances.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} The Marx Brothers film Duck Soup (1933) is set in a bankrupt Freedonia. Antal Szerb's Oliver VII (1943) features a monarch of a fictional Central European state who plots a coup against himself and then flees to Venice in order to experience the life of an ordinary person. In the satire The Mouse That Roared (1955), the Duchy of Grand Fenwick attempts to avoid bankruptcy by declaring war on the United States as a ploy for gaining American aid. In Vladimir Nabokov's Pale Fire (1962), the main narrator has the delusion of being the incognito king of a "distant northern land" who romantically escaped a Soviet-backed revolution.[7] In the comic film The Great Race (1965), rally driver Professor Fate (played by Jack Lemmon) is the double of the Crown Prince of the tiny kingdom of Carpania. The popularity of the genre declined after the first part of the twentieth century. Aside from the change in literary taste, the royalist elements of Ruritanian romances became less plausible as many European monarchies receded even from memory, and their restorations grew less likely.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Many elements of the genre have been transplanted into fantasy worlds, particularly those of fantasy of manners and alternate history.[9] The science fiction writer Andre Norton first reached success with a 1934 Ruritanian novel, The Prince Commands.[8] Although "Ruritania" originally referred to a contemporary country, the idea has been adapted for use in historical fiction. A subgenre of this is historical romance, such as Jennifer Blake's Royal Seduction and its sequel Royal Passion; both are set in the nineteenth century and feature Prince Rolfe (later King) and his son Prince Roderic respectively, of the fictional Balkan country of Ruthenia.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} (Ruthenia is a genuine geographic name, identifying an area of eastern Europe somewhat to the north of the Balkan peninsula, in the Carpathian mountains, but is not an independent country.) Other Ruritanian settings in fictionThe Grand Budapest Hotel, a 2014 comedy film written and directed by Wes Anderson, is set in the fictional nation of Zubrowka, a central European alpine state teetering on the outbreak of war.[9]In 2015 James Dunford Wood's Continental with Juice imagined a scenario in which the modern-day Ruritania (a recent ex-Soviet republic) is bankrupt after the European debt crisis. Refused a loan by Germany's Chancellor Merkel, the country is forced to consider resurrecting the monarchy via the long-defunct Elpherg dynasty, in order to earn tourist dollars.[10] Avram Davidson's Doctor Eszterhazy stories are set in a fictitious ramshackle Balkan empire resembling Austria-Hungary, but with Ruritanian characteristics.{{citation needed|date=February 2016}} Ursula K. Le Guin set a number of short stories and a novel in the fictitious Eastern European land of "Orsinia",[11] which has been identified as being simultaneously Ruritanian and naturalistic.[12]Hayao Miyazaki's animated film The Castle of Cagliostro is set in the fictional country of Cagliostro. [13][14]See also
References1. ^1 John Clute and John Grant, The Encyclopedia of Fantasy, p. 826 {{ISBN|978-0-312-19869-5}} 2. ^Prisoner of Zenda 3. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/apr/29/eu.politics4 |title=Unfinished Symphony |first=Timothy Garton |last=Ash |date=29 April 2004 |journal=The Guardian}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://hilobrow.com/2013/11/21/war-ruritanian/ |title=20 War & Ruritanian Adventures |first=Joshua |last=Glenn |date=21 November 2013 |journal=HiLoBrow |accessdate=2017-03-18}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=https://florianbieber.org/notes-from-syldavia/why-syldavia/ |title=Why Syldavia? |first=Florian |last=Bieber |website=Notes from Syldavia |date=January 2014 |accessdate=2017-03-18}} 6. ^Sutherland, John. [https://books.google.com/books?id=M1WVZbf9pnIC&pg=PT113 Bestsellers: A Very Short Introduction], Oxford University Press (2007), p. 113 {{ISBN|0-19-157869-X}} 7. ^{{cite journal | last = McCarthy | first = Mary | authorlink = Mary McCarthy (author) | title = A Bolt from the Blue | journal = The New Republic | date = June 4, 1962}} Revised version in {{cite book |author= Mary McCarthy |title=A Bolt from the Blue and Other Essays |url=https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/1590170105/ |accessdate=2006-09-25 |year=2002 |publisher=The New York Review of Books |location=New York |isbn=1-59017-010-5 |pages=83–102}} 8. ^1 John Clute and John Grant, The Encyclopedia of Fantasy p. 827 {{ISBN|978-0-312-19869-5}} 9. ^{{Cite web|title = Spoiler Alert: You Can’t Really Stay at the Real Grand Budapest Hotel (But We Can Tell You Everything About It)|url = http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2014/03/27/spoiler-alert-you-cant-really-stay-at-the-real-grand-budapest-hotel-but-we-can-tell-you-everything-about-it/|accessdate = 2015-06-20}} 10. ^{{Cite book|title = Continental with Juice: A Modern Ruritanian Romance|last = Dunford Wood|first = James|publisher = Magic Oxygen|year = 2015|isbn = 978-1910094297|location = |pages = }} 11. ^{{cite book | title=Orsinian Tales | publisher=Harper & Row | author=Le Guin, Ursula K | year=1976 | location=New York | pages=179 (hardcover) | isbn=978-0575022867}}; {{cite book | title=Malafrena | publisher=Putnam | author=Le Guin, Ursula K | year=1979 | location=New York | pages=369 | isbn=978-0399124105}}; and {{cite book | title=Unlocking the Air and Other Stories | publisher=William Morrow Paperbacks | author=Le Guin Ursula K | year=2005 | location=New York | pages=207 (paperback re-issue) | isbn=978-0060928032}} 12. ^{{cite journal | url=http://www.depauw.edu/sfs/backissues/16/bittner16art.htm | title=Persuading Us to Rejoice and Teaching Us How to Praise: Le Guin's Orsinian Tales |author=Bittner, James | journal=Science Fiction Studies | date = November 1978 | volume=5 | issue=16}} 13. ^https://www.locusmag.com/2003/Reviews/Ward08_Miyazaki.html 14. ^https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/20/movies/film-anime-japanese-cinema-s-second-golden-age.html External links
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