| 词条 | Sallum |
| 释义 |
|name =Sallum |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = |motto = |image_skyline = Sallum.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Egypt |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize =250px |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Egypt |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Egypt}} |subdivision_type1 = Governorate |subdivision_name1 = Matruh |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = | |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Imperial |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |population_as_of =2006 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 14393 |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title =Ethnicities |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |timezone =EST |utc_offset = +2 |coordinates = {{coord|31|30|13|N|25|06|54|E|region:EG|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 1 |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} Sallum, also As Sallum or Sollum ({{lang-ar|السلوم}} {{IPA-arz|essælˈluːm}}) is a village in Egypt, near the Mediterranean Sea, east of the border with Libya, and around {{convert|145|km|mi|abbr=on}} from Tobruk. Sallum is mainly a Bedouin community. It has little if any tourist activity or organized historical curiosities. It is a regional trading center. Sallum was the ancient Roman port of Baranis, and there are some Roman wells still remaining in the area. It rests on the Northern coast of Egypt, but the location along the border with Libya, about as far west as one may travel in Egypt, means that it is out of the way of almost everything, with few attractions other than a World War II Commonwealth war cemetery. There is a local post office and a National Bank of Egypt branch. HistorySallum was known in antiquity as Catabathmus Maior, Plynos Limen and Tetrapyrgia.{{cn|date=February 2019}} Sallum was part of Ottoman Cyrenaica prior to 1911. That year, during the Italo-Turkish War, an Anglo-Egyptian force took over the city from its Ottoman garrison to prevent its falling into Italian hands. When the border between Italian Libya and Egypt was settled by treaty in 1925, Sallum was left on the Egyptian side.[2] During the Senussi Campaign of the First World War, Sallum was captured by the Senussi in November 1915 with Ottoman and German assistance. It was re-occupied by the British in March 1916.[3] In December 1941, during Operation Crusader in World War II, Sallum was again the site of fighting between the British and the Germans. On July 21, 1977, Libya attacked Sallum, starting the Libyan-Egyptian War. Sallum was a destination point during the total solar eclipse on March 29, 2006, as expeditions traveled to the best observation point.[4] ClimateKöppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot desert (BWh), as the rest of Egypt, but typically as the northern coast of Egypt, has its temperatures moderated by blowing winds from the Mediterranean Sea. {{Weather box|location = Salum |single line = Yes |metric first = Yes |Jan record high C = 30.3 |Feb record high C = 33.4 |Mar record high C = 37.4 |Apr record high C = 42.4 |May record high C = 44.2 |Jun record high C = 47.3 |Jul record high C = 41.7 |Aug record high C = 47.2 |Sep record high C = 43.0 |Oct record high C = 41.4 |Nov record high C = 36.6 |Dec record high C = 32.0 |year record high C = 47.3 |Jan high C = 18.6 |Feb high C = 19.6 |Mar high C = 21.4 |Apr high C = 24.2 |May high C = 26.8 |Jun high C = 30.0 |Jul high C = 31.3 |Aug high C = 31.1 |Sep high C = 29.6 |Oct high C = 27.4 |Nov high C = 23.9 |Dec high C = 20.2 |year high C = 25.3 |Jan mean C = 13.8 |Feb mean C = 14.5 |Mar mean C = 16.1 |Apr mean C = 18.6 |May mean C = 21.2 |Jun mean C = 24.7 |Jul mean C = 26.2 |Aug mean C = 26.4 |Sep mean C = 25.0 |Oct mean C = 22.6 |Nov mean C = 18.9 |Dec mean C = 15.3 |year mean C = 20.3 |Jan low C = 9.8 |Feb low C = 10.3 |Mar low C = 11.8 |Apr low C = 14.1 |May low C = 16.9 |Jun low C = 20.3 |Jul low C = 21.9 |Aug low C = 22.3 |Sep low C = 20.9 |Oct low C = 18.5 |Nov low C = 14.8 |Dec low C = 11.3 |year low C = 16.1 |Jan record low C = 3.7 |Feb record low C = 4.8 |Mar record low C = 6.1 |Apr record low C = 8.5 |May record low C = 9.9 |Jun record low C = 14.0 |Jul record low C = 18.0 |Aug record low C = 18.4 |Sep record low C = 15.4 |Oct record low C = 12.9 |Nov record low C = 7.3 |Dec record low C = 6.5 |year record low C = 3.7 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 21 |Feb precipitation mm = 15 |Mar precipitation mm = 7 |Apr precipitation mm = 6 |May precipitation mm = 2 |Jun precipitation mm = 1 |Jul precipitation mm = 0 |Aug precipitation mm = 0 |Sep precipitation mm = 0 |Oct precipitation mm = 13 |Nov precipitation mm = 10 |Dec precipitation mm = 17 |year precipitation mm = 92 |Jan humidity = 59 |Feb humidity = 58 |Mar humidity = 59 |Apr humidity = 58 |May humidity = 60 |Jun humidity = 59 |Jul humidity = 62 |Aug humidity = 65 |Sep humidity = 64 |Oct humidity = 62 |Nov humidity = 59 |Dec humidity = 59 |year humidity =60.3 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 2.7 |Feb precipitation days = 1.1 |Mar precipitation days = 0.7 |Apr precipitation days = 0.8 |May precipitation days = 0.2 |Jun precipitation days = 0.1 |Jul precipitation days = 0.0 |Aug precipitation days = 0.0 |Sep precipitation days = 0.1 |Oct precipitation days = 1.1 |Nov precipitation days = 1.0 |Dec precipitation days = 1.3 |year precipitation days = 9.1 | Jan sun = 217.0 | Feb sun = 211.9 | Mar sun = 279.0 | Apr sun = 297.0 | May sun = 306.9 | Jun sun = 369.0 | Jul sun = 393.7 | Aug sun = 378.2 | Sep sun = 327.0 | Oct sun = 300.7 | Nov sun = 219.0 | Dec sun = 210.8 |year sun = | Jand sun = 7.0 | Febd sun = 7.5 | Mard sun = 9.0 | Aprd sun = 9.9 | Mayd sun = 9.9 | Jund sun = 12.3 | Juld sun = 12.7 | Augd sun = 12.2 | Sepd sun = 10.9 | Octd sun = 9.7 | Novd sun = 7.3 | Decd sun = 6.8 |yeard sun = 9.6 |source 1 = NOAA[5] |source 2 = Arab Meteorology Book (sun only)[6] }} See also
Notes1. ^ 2. ^Anna Baldinetti, The Origins of the Libyan Nation: Colonial Legacy, Exile and the Emergence of a New Nation-State (Routledge, 2010), p. 2. 3. ^John Slight (2014), "British Understandings of the Sanussiyya Sufi Order’s Jihad against Egypt, 1915–17", The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs, 103(2) pp. 233–242. 4. ^"Valoria La Buena annular eclipse expedition" (report), Solar Physics Group, Astrophysics Lab, University of Rome, January 10, 2007, webpage (mostly Italiano): ICRA-solar: mentions Sidi Barrani observation area. 5. ^{{cite web| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/UB/62300.TXT| title = Salloum Climate Normals 1961–1990| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| accessdate = April 5, 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web| url = http://extras.springer.com/2007/978-1-4020-4577-6/Book_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf| title = Appendix I: Meteorological Data| publisher = Springer| accessdate = January 17, 2016}} External links
2 : Egypt–Libya border crossings|Populated places in Matrouh Governorate |
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