“Sandy and Beaver Canal”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Sandy and Beaver Canal ran {{convert|73|mi|km|0}} from the Ohio and Erie Canal at Bolivar, Ohio, to the Ohio River at Glasgow, Pennsylvania. It had 90 locks, was chartered in 1828 and completed in 1848. However, the middle section of the canal had many problems from the beginning and fell into disrepair.^[1] The canal ceased to operate in 1852, when the Cold Run Reservoir Dam outside of Lisbon, Ohio, broke, ruining a large portion of the canal.

Major D.B. Douglas of the United States Military Academy surveyed a route in 1828. This route was {{convert|90.5|mi|km}}, with seven aqueducts, 100 locks and a {{convert|2700|ft|m|adj=on}} tunnel. The west division would rise for {{convert|33.5|mi|km}}, the middle division would be {{convert|14|mi|km}}, with tunnel, at summit elevation, and the east division would fall over {{convert|43|mi|km}}. The Douglas plan was rejected, and the Philadelphia Board of Trade decided that the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal would be a better option to join the canal systems of Ohio to those of Pennsylvania.^[2]

At a meeting in Waynesburg, Ohio, in 1834, the canal promoters decided to go ahead without the Philadelphia backing. Hother Hage and Edward H. Gill were hired to engineer the project, and made changes to the Douglas plan. The {{convert|73|mi|km|adj=on}} canal, as constructed, consisted of the western division with a {{convert|400|ft|m|adj=on}} long aqueduct {{convert|28|ft|m}} above the Tuscarawas River to connect to the Ohio and Erie Canal, 33 locks, five miles (8 km) of slackwater, two reservoirs, and a rise from {{convert|900|ft|m}} at Bolivar to {{convert|1120|ft|m}} at Kensington. The middle division from Kensington to Lockbridge had two tunnels, and two reservoirs and was {{convert|14|mi|km}}, all at 1120 feet.^[2] The big tunnel was 900 yards^[3] or 1060 yards^[2] long. The little tunnel was about {{convert|1000|ft|m}} long. The tunnels were about {{convert|17|ft|m}} high, and the big tunnel was about {{convert|80|ft|m}} below the highest elevation of the hill it penetrated.^[2]^[3] The Eastern division was {{convert|27|mi|km}} from Lockbridge to Glasgow, lowering from {{convert|1120|ft|m}} to {{convert|665|ft|m}}, with 57 locks, 20 dams, and {{convert|17|mi|km}} of slackwater.^[2]

Construction progressed until being interrupted by financial difficulties of the Panic of 1837.^[4] The number of workmen decreased from 2000 to 200.^[2] Little was done for seven years, and the tunnels were finally completed in 1848. Aside from the reservoir collapse in 1852, the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad was built that year,^[3] taking business away. Six miles on the west end of the canal were used as a feeder of the Ohio and Erie Canal until 1884, when the aqueduct was lost in a flood.^[2]

A company called the “Nimishillen and Sandy Slackwater Navigation” was established to investigate a connector along the Nimishillen Creek from Sandyville, Ohio to Canton, Ohio in 1834–35. It was determined there was not enough water flow along this route to build a canal.^[2] A similar stillborn plan called the “Still Fork of Sandy Navigation Company” was incorporated in 1837 by some Carroll County, Ohio men to build a connector from Pekin up the Still Fork to near Carrollton, Ohio.^[5]

An original dam near Waynesburg, {{coord|40|40|02|N|81|16|29|W|name=sandy canal dam}}, still impounds a slackwater on the Sandy Creek, and feeds a section of canal downstream to Magnolia, Ohio.

Only {{convert|0.75|mi|km|0}} of this privately funded canal lay in Pennsylvania; the rest was in Ohio.^[6]

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References

1. ^{{cite web | title = Sandy and Beaver Canal | publisher = Ohio Historical Society | url = http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=797 | accessdate = 2007-11-06}}
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{cite book |title=Here and Now- Ohio’s Canals: The Sandy and Beaver Canal |last1=Loomis |first1=Linn |year=1994 |pages=33–42 |publisher=Schlabach Printers |location=Sugarcreek, Ohio |isbn=0-9673613-1-1}}
3. ^¹²{{cite journal|last1=Van Fossan|first1=W H|year=|title=Sandy and Beaver Canal|journal=Ohio Archaeological and Historical Quarterly|volume=55|issue= |pages=165–177|url=http://publications.ohiohistory.org/ohstemplate.cfm?action=detail&Page=0055165.html&StartPage=165&EndPage=177&volume=55¬es=&newtitle=Volume%2055%20Page%20165}}
4. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ONQyAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA281#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=History of Columbiana County, Ohio and Representative Citizens | publisher=Biographical Publishing Company | author=McCord, William B. | year=1905 | pages=281}}
5. ^{{cite book |title=Acts of a local nature passed at the first session of the thirty-fifth General Assembly of the State of Ohio begun and held in the city of Columbus, December 5, 1836 |year= 1837|publisher= James B. Gardner Printer to the state |location=Columbus |page=89 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WZk4AAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA89&lpg=RA1-PA89&dq=Still+Fork+of+Sandy+Navigation&source=bl&ots=tPtez0NDNQ&sig=mRVWbXlX6AB5w8o3jKdJeAN3yfw&hl=en&ei=TgZ0TJH_O4T7lwfBvKDJCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Still%20Fork%20of%20Sandy%20Navigation&f=false }}
6. ^{{cite book | last = Shank | first = William H. | title = The Amazing Pennsylvania Canals, 150th Anniversary Edition | publisher = American Canal and Transportation Center | year = 1986 | location = York, Pennsylvania | isbn=0-933788-37-1}}

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