| 词条 | Emperor Heizei |
| 释义 |
| name = Heizei | image = | caption = | succession = Emperor of Japan | reign = 806–809 | coronation = April 9, 806 | cor-type = Enthronement | predecessor = Kanmu | successor = Saga | spouse = {{plainlist|
| issue = {{plainlist|
| house = Yamato | father = Emperor Kanmu | mother = Fujiwara no Otomuro | birth_name = {{nihongo|Ate|安殿}} | birth_date = 773 | birth_place = | death_date = {{death date and age|824|8|5|773}} | death_place = Heijō-kyō (Nara) | burial_place = Yamamomo no misasagi (Nara) |}}{{nihongo|Emperor Heizei|平城天皇|Heizei-tennō|773 – August 5, 824}}, also known as Heijō-tennō, was the 51st emperor of Japan,[1] according to the traditional order of succession.[2] Heizei's reign lasted from 806 to 809.[3] Traditional narrativeHeizei was the eldest son of the Emperor Kanmu and empress Fujiwara no Otomuro.[4] Heizei had three Empresses and seven sons and daughters.[5] Heizei is traditionally venerated at his tomb; the Imperial Household Agency designates {{nihongo3|Yamamomo Imperial Mausoleum|楊梅陵|Yamamomo no Misasagi}}, in Nara, as the location of Heizei's mausoleum.[1] The site is publicly accessible.[6] Although one of the largest kofun monuments in Japan, archaeological investigations in 1962–1963 indicate that it was constructed in the early 5th century, and that portions of it were destroyed during the construction of Heijo-kyō, calling into question the designation by the Imperial Household Agency. Events of Heizei's lifeBefore he ascended to the throne, his liaison with Fujiwara no Kusuko, the mother of his one consort, caused a scandal. Because of this scandal his father considered depriving him of the rank of crown prince.
His title Heizei was derived from the official name of the capital in Nara, Heizei Kyō. During Heizei's reign, the bodyguards were reorganized; the existing Imperial Bodyguards became the Left Imperial Bodyguards, while the Middle Bodyguards became the Right Imperial Bodyguards.[10] Both sides were given a new Senior Commander; at this time Heizei appointed Sakanoue no Tamuramaro (758–811) as Senior Commander of the Imperial Bodyguards of the Right.[10] Under Emperor Kanmu, Tamuramaro had been appointed as shōgun of a military expedition against the Emishi.[11]
Era of Heizei's reignThe years of Heizei's reign are encompassed within one era name (nengō).[14]
Kugyō{{nihongo|Kugyō|公卿}} is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.[15]In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Heizei's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:
When the daughter of a chūnagon became the favored consort of the Crown Prince Ate (later known as Heizei-tennō), her father's power and position in court was affected. Kanmu disapproved of {{nihongo|Fujiwara no Kusuko|藤原薬子|d. 810}}, former wife of Fujiwara no Tadanushi; and Kanmu had her removed from his son's household. After Kanmu died, Heizei restored this one-time favorite as part of his household; and this distinction had consequences.[12]
Consorts and children{{details|topic=terms related to imperial consorts|Kōkyū#consorts}}Empress (posthumously elevated Kōgō): Fujiwara no Tarashiko/Taishi (藤原帯子; d.794), Fujiwara no Momokawa’s daughter[16] Hi: Imperial Princess Asahara (朝原内親王; 779–817), Emperor Kanmu’s daughter Hi: Imperial Princess Ōyake (大宅内親王; d.849), Emperor Kanmu’s daughter Hi: Imperial Princess Kan'nabi (甘南美内親王; 800-817), Emperor Kanmu’s daughter Shōshi Court lady (Naishi-no-kami): {{nihongo|Fujiwara no Kusuko|藤原薬子|extra=d. 810}}, former wife of Chūnagon Fujiwara no Tadanushi[12] and Fujiwara no Tanetsugu’s daughter Hi: Fujiwara Tadanushi’s daughter Court lady: Ise no Tsuguko (伊勢継子; 772–812), Ise no Ōna’s daughter
Court lady: Fujii no Fujiko/Tōshi (葛井藤子), Fujii no Michiyori’s daughter
Court lady: Ki no Iokazu (紀魚員), Ki no Kotsuo’s daughter
Ancestry[17]{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Emperor Heizei |2= 2. Emperor Kanmu (737-806) |3= 3. Fujiwara no Otomuro (760-790) |4= 4. Emperor Kōnin (709–782) |5= 5. Takano no Niigasa (c. 720-790) |6= 6. Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu (716-777) |7= 7. Abe no Komina (d. 784) |8= 8. Prince Shiki (d. 716) |9= 9. Ki no Tochihime (d. 709) |10=10. Yamato no Ototsugu |11=11. Haji no Maimo |12=12. Fujiwara no Umakai (694-737) |13=13. Isonokami no Kunimina no Ōtoji |14=14. Abe no Nukamushi |15= |16=16.Emperor Tenji (626–672) |17=17. Koshi-no-michi no Iratsume |18=18. Ki no Morohito |19=19. Michi |20= |21= |22= |23= |24=24. Fujiwara no Fuhito (659-720) |25=25. Soga no Shōshi |26=26. Isonokami no Maro (640-717) |27= |28=28. Abe no Shimamaro (d. 761) |29= |30= |31= }} See also{{Portal|Japan|Biography}}
Notes1. ^1 Emperor Heizei, Yamamomo Imperial Mausoleum, Imperial Household Agency 2. ^Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, pp. 62–63. 3. ^Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 96–97; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 279–280; Varley, H. Paul. Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 151. 4. ^Varley, p. 151; Brown, p. 279. 5. ^1 Brown, p. 279. 6. ^Nara City Sightseeing Information Center (Narashikanko): Heizei's misasagi, map {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207003146/http://narashikanko.jp/english/aria_map/map_pdf/302.pdf |date=February 7, 2012 }} 7. ^Brown and Ishida, p. 279 8. ^Julian dates derived from NengoCalc 9. ^Titsingh, p. 95; Brown and Ishida, p. 279; Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami. 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 Brown and Ishida, p. 280 11. ^Brown and Ishida, p. 279; Varley, p. 272; Titsingh, p. 99. 12. ^1 2 3 Ponsonby-Fane, p. 318. Brown and Ishida, pp. 281 13. ^Brown and Ishida, p. 280; Varley, p. 151. 14. ^Titsingh, p. 96. 15. ^Furugosho: Kugyō of Heizi-tennō 16. ^Ponsonby-Fane, P. 318; in 806, 12 years after death, this is first time this posthumously elevated rank was bestowed 17. ^{{cite web|url=https://reichsarchiv.jp/%e5%ae%b6%e7%b3%bb%e3%83%aa%e3%82%b9%e3%83%88/%e5%a4%a9%e7%9a%87%e5%ae%b6#emp051|title=Genealogy|website=Reichsarchiv|access-date=28 January 2018}} {{Ja icon}} References
Heizei|years=806–809}}{{s-aft|after=Emperor Saga}}{{S-end}}{{Emperors of Japan}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Heizei}} 8 : Japanese emperors|773 births|824 deaths|People of Heian-period Japan|People of Nara-period Japan|9th-century rulers in Asia|8th-century Japanese people|9th-century Japanese monarchs |
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