| 词条 | Adama |
| 释义 |
|official_name = Adama |other_name = Adaamaa |native_name = {{lang|om|Adaamaa}} {{om icon}} {{lang|am|አዳማ}} {{am icon}} |nickname = |settlement_type = |motto = |image_skyline = AdamaHotels.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = The Addis Ababa-Dire Dawa Road in Adama, Ethiopia. |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |city_logo = |citylogo_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = Ethiopia |pushpin_label_position = right |pushpin_map_caption = Location within Ethiopia |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = Ethiopia |subdivision_type1 = Region |subdivision_name1 = Oromia |subdivision_type2 = Zone |subdivision_name2 = Adama Special Zone |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2015 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 324000 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |timezone = EAT |utc_offset = +3 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|08|32|29|N|39|16|08|E|region:ET|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 1712 |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = (+251) 22 |blank_name = Climate |blank_info = Aw |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} Adama (Oromo: {{lang|om|Adaamaa}} or {{lang|om|Hadaamaa}}; Amharic: {{lang|am|አዳማ}}, {{transl|am|EAE|Ädama}}, {{transl|am|BGN/PCGN|Ādama}}), also known[2] is a city in central Ethiopia.[3][4] Adama forms a Special Zone of Oromia and is surrounded by Misraq Shewa Zone. It is located at {{Coord|8.54|N|39.27|E|type:city}} at an elevation of 1712 meters, 99 km southeast of Addis Ababa. The city sits between the base of an escarpment to the west, and the Great Rift Valley to the east. OverviewAdama is a busy transportation center. The city is situated along the road that connects Addis Ababa with Dire Dawa. A large number of trucks use this same route to travel to and from the seaports of Djibouti and Asseb (though the latter is not currently used by Ethiopia, following the Eritrean-Ethiopian War). Additionally, the new Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway runs through Adama.[4][5][7][6] Adama University (formerly Adama Technical Teachers College) is located in Adama. Adama Stadium is the home of Adama City FC, a member of the Ethiopian Football Federation league. The city name Adama may have been derived from the Oromo word {{lang|om|adaamii}}, which means a cactus or a cactus-like tree.[7] More specifically, {{lang|om|adaamii}} means Euphorbia candelabrum,[8] a tree of the spurge family, while {{lang|om|hadaamii}} would mean Indian fig.[9] HistoryFollowing World War II, Emperor Haile Selassie renamed the town after Biblical Nazareth, and this name was used for the remainder of the twentieth century.[10] In 2000, the city officially reverted to its original Oromo language name, Adama,[10][11] though "Nazareth" is still widely used.[12] DemographicsBased on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this city has a total population of 220,212, an increase of 72.25% over the population recorded in the 1994 census, of whom 108,872 are men and 111,340 women. With an area of 29.86 square kilometers, Adama has a population density of 7,374.82; all are urban inhabitants. A total of 60,174 households were counted in this city, which results in an average of 3.66 persons to a household, and 59,431 housing units. The four largest ethnic groups reported in Adama were the Oromo (49.02%), the Amhara (24.53%), the Gurage (11.98%) and the Silte (5.02%); all other ethnic groups made up 9.45% of the population. Oromo language was spoken as a first language by 56.25%, 26.25% spoke Amharic and 6.28% spoke Guragiegna; the remaining 8.22% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants said they practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 63.62% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 24.7% of the population were Muslim, and 10.57% were Protestant.[13] {{Main article|Languages of Ethiopia}}{{Pie chart| thumb = right | caption= Languages spoken in Adama {{As of|2007|lc=y}} [14] | other = yes | label1 = Oromo | value1 = 56.25 | color1 = Green | label2 = Amharic | value2 = 26.25 | color2 = Yellow | label3 = Gurage | value3 = 6.28 | color3 = Red The 1994 national census reported this town had a total population of 127,842 of whom 61,965 were males and 65,877 were females. International relations{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Africa#Ethiopia|l1=List of twin towns and sister cities in Ethiopia}}Sister citiesAdama is twinned with:
ClimateKöppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as tropical wet and dry (Aw). {{Weather box|metric first=yes |single line=yes |location=Adama |Jan high C=27.0 |Feb high C=28.1 |Mar high C=29.6 |Apr high C=30.1 |May high C=30.5 |Jun high C=29.6 |Jul high C=24.4 |Aug high C=26.1 |Sep high C=27.5 |Oct high C=27.9 |Nov high C=26.7 |Dec high C=25.7 |Jan mean C=19.2 |Feb mean C=20.4 |Mar mean C=21.9 |Apr mean C=22.6 |May mean C=22.5 |Jun mean C=22.4 |Jul mean C=18.4 |Aug mean C=20.6 |Sep mean C=21.1 |Oct mean C=20.1 |Nov mean C=18.7 |Dec mean C=18.1 |Jan low C=11.4 |Feb low C=12.8 |Mar low C=14.3 |Apr low C=15.2 |May low C=14.6 |Jun low C=15.3 |Jul low C=12.5 |Aug low C=15.1 |Sep low C=14.7 |Oct low C=12.3 |Nov low C=10.8 |Dec low C=10.6 |precipitation colour=green |Jan precipitation mm=11 |Feb precipitation mm=22 |Mar precipitation mm=45 |Apr precipitation mm=58 |May precipitation mm=43 |Jun precipitation mm=74 |Jul precipitation mm=201 |Aug precipitation mm=210 |Sep precipitation mm=101 |Oct precipitation mm=24 |Nov precipitation mm=13 |Dec precipitation mm=7 |unit rain days= 1 mm |Jan rain days=0 |Feb rain days=0 |Mar rain days=2 |Apr rain days=2 |May rain days=4 |Jun rain days=7 |Jul rain days=15 |Aug rain days=14 |Sep rain days=10 |Oct rain days=3 |Nov rain days=1 |Dec rain days=0 |source 1= Climate-Data.org, altitude: 1618m[17] |source 2= Storm247 for rainy days[18] }} References1. ^ 2. ^Alain Gascon, "Adaama" in Siegbert Uhlig, ed., Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2003, p.70. 3. ^2009 CIA map marks Nazrēt (Adama) as an administrative (regional) capital.. 4. ^1 {{Cite map | publisher=Central Intelligence Agency | title=Eritrea and Ethiopia | url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/eritrea_ethiopia_2009.jpg | year=2009 | scale=1:5,000,000 | id=Map #803395}} 5. ^{{cite map |publisher=Microsoft |title=bing Maps |url=http://www.bing.com/maps/?v=2&cp=8.549999999999997~39.266667&lvl=12&dir=0&sty=r&sp=Point.jdrgzzm85000_Adama____ |year=2011 |accessdate=2011-05-05}} 6. ^{{Cite web|last=Lindahl |first=Bernhard |url=http://130.238.24.99/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/d/ORTDIL05.pdf |title=Dil Amba - Djibiet |work=Local History in Ethiopia |format=pdf |publisher=The Nordic Africa Institute |year=2005 |accessdate=2011-09-20 |quote=The Franco-Ethiopian railway company in 1960-1963 carried out surveys for extending the railway with a 310 km line from Nazret to Dilla. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703044906/http://130.238.24.99/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/d/ORTDIL05.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-03 |df= }} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Origin and Development of Adama City|url=http://www.adamacity.gov.et/origin.htm|publisher=Adama City Administration|accessdate=November 3, 2012}} 8. ^{{cite journal|author=Workineh Kelbessa|title=Traditional Oromo Attitudes towards the Environment: An Argument for Environmentally Sound Development|journal=Social Science Research Report Series|issue=19|year=2001|page=44|url=http://www.publications.ossrea.net/images/stories/ossrea/ssrr-19-p-5.pdf|accessdate={{Date|2014-02-04}} |format=PDF}} 9. ^{{cite web |first=Azimitachew |last=Ayele |year=2010 |title=Chromosome Study of Local Farmers' Varieties of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. (Cactaceae) from Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. |page=1 |url=http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/bitstream/123456789/3228/1/AZIMITACHEW%20%20AYELE%20%20%20BIOLOGY.pdf |format=PDF }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 10. ^1 2 {{Cite web|last=Lindahl |first=Bernhard |title=Naader - Neguz |url=http://130.238.24.99/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/n/ORTNA05.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=Nordic Africa Institute |year=2005 |pages=8–13 |accessdate=2011-09-20 |quote=The name was changed from Adama (Hadama) to Nazret (Nazareth) a little before 1948. This belonged to a general pattern of introducing Christian names instead of traditional Oromo names. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703050218/http://130.238.24.99/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/n/ORTNA05.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-03 }} 11. ^{{Cite web|title=Aadu - Alyume|work=Local History in Ethiopia|url=http://www.nai.uu.se/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/A/ORTAA.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=Nordic Africa Institute|year=2008|page=28|accessdate=2010-11-11}} 12. ^{{cite web | date = July 13, 2000 | url = http://www.telecom.net.et/~walta/ennews/html/jul/ed130700/html/newsitem_3.html | title = Nazareth Selected as Oromiya's Capital | publisher = Walta Information Center | accessdate = February 25, 2006 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060303092319/http://www.telecom.net.et/~walta/ennews/html/jul/ed130700/html/newsitem_3.html | archivedate = 3 March 2006 | deadurl = yes | df = }} 13. ^2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results for Oromia Region, Vol. 1 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113202722/http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=272&format=raw&Itemid=521 |date=2011-11-13 }}, Tables 2.1, 2.5, 3.4 (accessed 13 January 2012) 14. ^Central Statistical Agency. 2010. Population and Housing Census 2007 Report, National. [ONLINE] Available at: http://catalog.ihsn.org/index.php/catalog/3583/download/50086. [Accessed 10 January 2017]. 15. ^Uzaklar Yakinlaşti - Sivas Twin Towns {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227151859/http://www.yeniulke.net/3044/uzaklar_yakinlasti |date=December 27, 2013 }}{{tr}} 16. ^{{Cite web|title=Aurora enters into first new sister city agreement: Adama, Ethiopia |url=https://www.auroragov.org/CityHall/MediaandNewsUpdates/NewsUpdates/019810 |accessdate={{Date|2014-07-15}} |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060254/https://www.auroragov.org/CityHall/MediaandNewsUpdates/NewsUpdates/019810 |archivedate=2016-03-04 }} 17. ^{{Cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/2108/ |title=Climate: Adama - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table |publisher=Climate-Data.org |accessdate=23 October 2013 }} 18. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.storm247.com/weather/107655278/climate |title=Weather for Adama, Ethiopia - Climate |publisher=Storm247 |accessdate=23 October 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191122/http://www.storm247.com/weather/107655278/climate |archivedate=29 October 2013 }} Further reading
External links
1 : Populated places in the Oromia Region |
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