| 词条 | Ephraim Katzir |
| 释义 |
| name = Ephraim Katzir | native_name = {{Hebrew|אפרים קציר}} | nationality = Israeli | image =EKatzir771.jpg | caption = | order =4th | office =President of Israel | primeminister =Golda Meir Yitzhak Rabin Menachem Begin | term_start =24 May 1973 | term_end =24 May 1978 | predecessor =Zalman Shazar | successor =Yitzhak Navon | birth_date ={{Birth date|1916|5|16|df=y}} | birth_place =Kiev, Russian Empire | death_date ={{death date and age|2009|5|30|1916|5|16|df=y}} | death_place =Rehovot, Israel | constituency = | party =Israeli Labor Party | spouse =Nina Gottlieb | children = 1 | profession =Scientist | religion =Judaism | signature =Katzir, Ephraim signature.svg | footnotes = |}}Ephraim Katzir ({{lang-he-n|אפרים קציר}} Efrayim Katsir; 16 May 1916 – 30 May 2009) was an Israeli biophysicist and Israeli Labor Party politician. He was the fourth President of Israel from 1973 until 1978.[1] BiographyKatzir was born Efraim Katchalski, son of Yehuda and Tzila Katchalski, in Kiev, in the Russian Empire (today in Ukraine). In 1925 (several publications cite 1922[2]), he immigrated to Mandate Palestine with his family and settled in Jerusalem. In 1932, he graduated from Gymnasia Rehavia.[3] Like his brother, Aharon, he was interested in science. He studied botany, zoology, chemistry and bacteriology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 1938, he received an M.Sc, and in 1941, he received a PhD degree.[3] In 1939, he graduated from the first Haganah officers course, and became commander of the student unit in the field forces ('Hish). He and his brother worked on development of new explosives. In May, 1948, Ephraim was appointed commander of the "Heyl Mada" (HEMED) – scientific research and development corps.[3] His brother, Aharon Katzir, chairman of the Department of Polymer Research at Weizmann Institute, was murdered in the Lod Airport Massacre. Katzir was married to Nina (née Gottlieb), born in Poland, who died in 1986. As an English teacher, Nina developed a unique method for teaching language. As the president's wife, she introduced the custom of inviting children books' authors and their young readers to the President's Residence. She established the Nurit Katzir Jerusalem Theater Center in 1978 in memory of their deceased daughter, Nurit, who died after inhaling gas and another daughter, Irit, killed herself.[4] They had a son, Meir, and three grandchildren. Katzir died on 30 May 2009 at his home in Rehovot.[5][6] Scientific careerAfter continuing his studies at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, Columbia University and Harvard University, he returned to Israel and became head of the Department of Biophysics at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, an institution he helped to found. In 1966–1968, Katzir was Chief Scientist of the Israel Defense Forces.[5] His initial research centered on simple synthetic protein models, but he also developed a method for binding enzymes, which helped lay the groundwork for what is now called enzyme engineering. PresidencyIn 1973, Golda Meir contacted Katzir at Harvard University, asking him to accept the presidency. He hebraicized his family name to Katzir, which means 'harvest'. On 10 March 1973, Katzir was elected by the Knesset to serve as the fourth President of Israel. He received 66 votes to 41 cast in favour of his opponent Ephraim Urbach and he assumed office on 24 May 1973. In November 1977, he hosted President Anwar Sadat of Egypt in the first ever official visit of an Arab head of state. In 1978, he declined to stand for a second term due to his wife's illness,[6] and was succeeded by Yitzhak Navon. After stepping down as President, he returned to his scientific work. Awards and commemoration
References1. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Arnon|first1=Ruth|authorlink1=Ruth Arnon|last2=Sela|first2=Michael|last3=Shindler|first3=Colin|title=Ephraim Katchalski-Katzir. 16 May 1916 — 30 May 2009|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|year=2016|doi=10.1098/rsbm.2016.0015}} 2. ^KUnderground group's explosives maker who became president. Theage.com.au. Retrieved on 9 September 2011. 3. ^Katzir bio. Zionism-israel.com. Retrieved on 9 September 2011. 4. ^Nurit Katzir Jerusalem Theater Center. Jerusalem.muni.il. Retrieved on 9 September 2011. 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite news | title = Israel's fourth president, Ephraim Katzir, dies | publisher=The Times of India Bennett Coleman & Co. Ltd. | date = 31 May 2009 | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Israels-fourth-president-Ephraim-Katzir-dies/articleshow/4599456.cms | accessdate =31 May 2009 }} 6. ^1 Israel's fourth president Ephraim Katzir dies at 93 Haaretz, 31 May 2009 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/PrasIsrael/Tashyag/Tashkab_Tashyag_Rikuz.htm?DictionaryKey=Tashyat |title=Israel Prize recipients in 1959 (in Hebrew) |publisher=Israel Prize Official Site |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307203909/http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/PrasIsrael/Tashyag/Tashkab_Tashyag_Rikuz.htm?DictionaryKey=Tashyat |archivedate=7 March 2012 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }} 8. ^{{cite book|title= The International Who's Who 2004|page=859}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rashi.org.il/english/product.aspx?product=53 |title=Katzir Scholarship Program |accessdate=2009-10-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091023083415/http://www.rashi.org.il/english/product.aspx?product=53 |archivedate=23 October 2009 |df=dmy }} External links
See also
26 : 1916 births|2009 deaths|Ashkenazi Jews|Columbia University alumni|Members of the French Academy of Sciences|Foreign Members of the Royal Society|Harvard University alumni|Israel Prize in life sciences recipients who were biophysicists|Israel Prize in life sciences recipients|Israeli biologists|Israeli biophysicists|Israeli Jews|Israeli Labor Party politicians|Jewish scientists|Jews in Mandatory Palestine|Members of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|People from Kiev|Presidents of Israel|Soviet emigrants to Israel|Ukrainian emigrants to Israel|Ukrainian Jews|Weizmann Institute faculty|Polish Jews|Polytechnic Institute of New York University alumni|Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni |
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