“Epsilon Virginis”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Vindemiatrix is a giant star with a stellar classification of G8 III.^[4] With 2.6^[11] times the mass of the Sun, it has reached a stage in its evolution where the hydrogen fuel in its core is exhausted. As a result, it has expanded to over ten^[13] times the Sun's girth and is now radiating around 77^[14] times as much luminosity as the Sun. This energy is being emitted from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 5,086 K,^[11] which gives it the yellow-hued glow of a G-type star. Since 1943, the spectrum of this star has served as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified.^[30]

This star is a likely member of the thin disk population and the orbit departs by no more than {{Convert|60|pc|ly|abbr=on}} from the galactic plane.^[31]

Nomenclature

ε Virginis (Latinised to Epsilon Virginis) is the star's Bayer designation.

It bore the traditional names Vindemiatrix and Vindemiator, which come from Greek through the Latin vindēmiātrix, vindēmiator meaning 'the grape-harvestress'. Additional medieval names are Almuredin, Alaraph, Provindemiator, Protrigetrix and Protrygetor.^[32] In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)^[2] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016^[3] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Vindemiatrix for this star.

This star, along with Beta Virginis (Zavijava), Gamma Virginis (Porrima), Eta Virginis (Zaniah) and Delta Virginis (Auva), were Al ʽAwwāʼ, which is Arabic for 'the Barker'.^[35]

In Chinese, {{lang|zh|太微左垣}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Tài Wēi Zuǒ Yuán}}), meaning Left Wall of Supreme Palace Enclosure, refers to an asterism consisting of Epsilon Virginis, Eta Virginis, Gamma Virginis, Delta Virginis and Alpha Comae Berenices.^[4] Consequently, Epsilon Virginis itself is known as {{lang|zh|太微左垣四}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Tài Wēi Zuǒ Yuán sì}}, {{lang-en|the Fourth Star of Left Wall of Supreme Palace Enclosure}}.),^[5] representing {{lang|zh|東次將}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Dōngcìjiāng}}), meaning The Second Eastern General.^[6] 東次將 (Dōngcìjiāng), westernized into Tsze Tseang by R.H. Allen and the meaning is "the Second General".^[7]

References

1. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/IAU-CSN.txt | title=IAU Catalog of Star Names |accessdate=28 July 2016}}
2. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/ | title=IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)|accessdate=22 May 2016}}
3. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/WGSN_bulletin1.pdf | title=Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1 |accessdate=28 July 2016}}
4. ^{{zh icon}} 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, {{ISBN|978-986-7332-25-7}}.
5. ^{{zh icon}} 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819122914/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_t_z.htm |date=August 19, 2010 }}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
6. ^{{zh icon}} English-Chinese Glossary of Chinese Star Regions, Asterisms and Star Name {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100810114313/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/e_research_chinengstarzone_b.htm#SupremePalaceEnclosure |date=August 10, 2010 }}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
7. ^¹Richard Hinckley Allen: Star Names — Their Lore and Meaning: Virgo
8. ^¹{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Soubiran | first1=C. | last2=Bienaymé | first2=O. | last3=Mishenina | first3=T. V. | last4=Kovtyukh | first4=V. V. | title=Vertical distribution of Galactic disk stars. IV. AMR and AVR from clump giants | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | date=2008 | volume=480 | issue=1 | pages=91–101 | bibcode=2008A&A...480...91S | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078788 |arxiv = 0712.1370 }}
9. ^¹²{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Nordgren | first1=Tyler E. | last2=Germain | first2=M. E. | last3=Benson | first3=J. A. | last4=Mozurkewich | first4=D. | last5=Sudol | first5=J. J. | last6=Elias | first6=N. M., II | last7=Hajian | first7=Arsen R. | last8=White | first8=N. M. | last9=Hutter | first9=D. J. | title=Stellar Angular Diameters of Late-Type Giants and Supergiants Measured with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=118 | issue=6 | pages=3032–3038 |date=December 1999 | doi=10.1086/301114 | bibcode=1999AJ....118.3032N | url=http://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=phys_facpub }}
10. ^¹{{citation | last1=Pizzolato | first1=N. | last2=Maggio | first2=A. | last3=Sciortino | first3=S. | title=Evolution of X-ray activity of 1-3 Msun late-type stars in early post-main-sequence phases | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=361 | pages=614–628 |date=September 2000 | bibcode=2000A&A...361..614P }}
11. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=da Silva | first1=L. | last2=Girardi | first2=L. | last3=Pasquini | first3=L. | last4=Setiawan | first4=J. | last5=von der Lühe | first5=O. | last6=de Medeiros | first6=J. R. | last7=Hatzes | first7=A. | last8=Döllinger | first8=M. P. | last9=Weiss | first9=A. | title=Basic physical parameters of a selected sample of evolved stars | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=458 | issue=2 | pages=609–623 |date=November 2006 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20065105 | bibcode=2006A&A...458..609D |arxiv = astro-ph/0608160 }}
12. ^¹²{{citation | last1=Mallik | first1=Sushma V. | title=Lithium abundance and mass | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=352 | pages=495–507 |date=December 1999 | bibcode=1999A&A...352..495M }}
13. ^¹{{cite simbad | title=eps Vir | accessdate=May 10, 2010 }}
14. ^¹{{citation | last=Allen | first=R. H. | date=1963 | authorlink=Richard Hinckley Allen | title=Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning | url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Virgo*.html | accessdate=2010-12-12 | edition=Reprint | publisher=Dover Publications Inc | location=New York, NY | isbn=0-486-21079-0 | page=469 }}
15. ^¹{{citation | last1=Garrison | first1=R. F. | title=Anchor Points for the MK System of Spectral Classification | journal=Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society | volume=25 | page=1319 |date=December 1993 | bibcode=1993AAS...183.1710G | url=http://www.astro.utoronto.ca/~garrison/mkstds.html | accessdate=2012-02-04 }}
16. ^¹{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Setiawan | first1=J. | last2=Pasquini | first2=L. | last3=da Silva | first3=L. | last4=Hatzes | first4=A. P. | last5=von der Lühe | first5=O. | last6=Girardi | first6=L. | last7=de Medeiros | first7=J. R. | last8=Guenther | first8=E. | title=Precise radial velocity measurements of G and K giants. Multiple systems and variability trend along the Red Giant Branch | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=421 | pages=241–254 |date=July 2004 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20041042-1 | bibcode=2004A&A...421..241S }}
17. ^¹²³⁴{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Gutierrez-Moreno | first1=Adelina | last2=Moreno | first2=H. | last3=Stock | first3=J. | last4=Torres | first4=C. | last5=Wroblewski | first5=H. | title=A System of photometric standards | publisher=Publicaciones Universidad de Chile, Department de Astronomy | volume=1 | pages=1–17 | date=1966 | bibcode=1966PDAUC...1....1G }}
18. ^¹{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Wielen | first1=R. | last2=Schwan | first2=H. | last3=Dettbarn | first3=C. | last4=Lenhardt | first4=H. | last5=Jahreiß | first5=H. | last6=Jährling | first6=R. | title=Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars (FK6). Part I. Basic fundamental stars with direct solutions | publisher=Veröffentlichungen des Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg | volume=35 | date=1999 | bibcode=1999VeARI..35....1W }}
19. ^¹²{{citation | last1=Morgan | first1=W. W. | last2=Keenan | first2=P. C. | title=Spectral Classification | journal=Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=11 | page=29 | date=1973 | doi=10.1146/annurev.aa.11.090173.000333 | bibcode=1973ARA&A..11...29M }}

词条	Epsilon Virginis
释义	Stellar properties Nomenclature References External links {{Starbox begin \| name=ε Virginis }}{{Starbox image \| image={{Location mark \|image=Virgo constellation map.svg\|alt=\|float=center\|width=280 \|label=\|position=right \|mark=Red circle.svg\|mark_width=10\|mark_link=ε Virginis \|x=488\|y=214 }} \|caption=Location of ε Virginis (circled) }}{{Starbox observe \| epoch = J2000.0 \| constell = Virgo \| ra = {{RA\|13\|02\|10.59785}} \| dec = {{DEC\|+10\|57\|32.9415}} \| appmag_v = +2.826^[3] }}{{Starbox character \| class = G8 III^[4] \| b-v = +0.940^[3] \| u-b = +0.718^[3] \| variable = }}{{Starbox astrometry \| radial_v = -14.6^[7] \| prop_mo_ra = -273.80 \| prop_mo_dec = +19.96 \| parallax = 29.76 \| p_error = 0.14 \| parallax_footnote = \| absmag_v = {{nowrap\|0.37 ± 0.06}}^[11] }}{{Starbox detail \| mass = {{nowrap\|2.64 ± 0.11}}^[11] \| radius = {{nowrap\|10.6 ± 0.3}}^[13] \| luminosity = 77^[14] \| temperature = 5,086^[11] \| gravity = {{nowrap\|2.71 ± 0.04}}^[11] \| metal_fe = +0.09^[11] \| rotation = 173 days^[18] \| rotational_velocity = 2.3^[19] \| age_myr = {{nowrap\|560 ± 90}}^[11] }}{{Starbox catalog \| names = Vindemiatrix, Vindemiator, Almuredin, Provindemiator, Protrigetrix, Protrygetor, Alaraph, 47 Virginis, BD+11°2529, FK5 488, HD 113226, HIP 63608, HR 4932, SAO 100384^[21] }}{{Starbox reference \| Simbad = eps+Vir }}{{Starbox end}}Epsilon Virginis (ε Virginis, abbreviated Epsilon Vir, ε Vir), also named Vindemiatrix,^[1] is a star in the zodiac constellation of Virgo. The apparent visual magnitude of this star is +2.8,^[3] making it the third-brightest member of Virgo. Based upon parallax measurements made during the Hipparcos mission, Vindemiatrix lies at a distance of about {{Convert\|109.6\|ly\|pc\|abbr=off\|lk=on}} from the Sun, give or take a half light-year. Stellar properties Vindemiatrix is a giant star with a stellar classification of G8 III.^[4] With 2.6^[11] times the mass of the Sun, it has reached a stage in its evolution where the hydrogen fuel in its core is exhausted. As a result, it has expanded to over ten^[13] times the Sun's girth and is now radiating around 77^[14] times as much luminosity as the Sun. This energy is being emitted from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 5,086 K,^[11] which gives it the yellow-hued glow of a G-type star. Since 1943, the spectrum of this star has served as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified.^[30] This star is a likely member of the thin disk population and the orbit departs by no more than {{Convert\|60\|pc\|ly\|abbr=on}} from the galactic plane.^[31] Nomenclature ε Virginis (Latinised to Epsilon Virginis) is the star's Bayer designation. It bore the traditional names Vindemiatrix and Vindemiator, which come from Greek through the Latin vindēmiātrix, vindēmiator meaning 'the grape-harvestress'. Additional medieval names are Almuredin, Alaraph, Provindemiator, Protrigetrix and Protrygetor.^[32] In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)^[2] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016^[3] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Vindemiatrix for this star. This star, along with Beta Virginis (Zavijava), Gamma Virginis (Porrima), Eta Virginis (Zaniah) and Delta Virginis (Auva), were Al ʽAwwāʼ, which is Arabic for 'the Barker'.^[35] In Chinese, {{lang\|zh\|太微左垣}} ({{lang\|zh-Latn\|Tài Wēi Zuǒ Yuán}}), meaning Left Wall of Supreme Palace Enclosure, refers to an asterism consisting of Epsilon Virginis, Eta Virginis, Gamma Virginis, Delta Virginis and Alpha Comae Berenices.^[4] Consequently, Epsilon Virginis itself is known as {{lang\|zh\|太微左垣四}} ({{lang\|zh-Latn\|Tài Wēi Zuǒ Yuán sì}}, {{lang-en\|the Fourth Star of Left Wall of Supreme Palace Enclosure}}.),^[5] representing {{lang\|zh\|東次將}} ({{lang\|zh-Latn\|Dōngcìjiāng}}), meaning The Second Eastern General.^[6] 東次將 (Dōngcìjiāng), westernized into Tsze Tseang by R.H. Allen and the meaning is "the Second General".^[7] References 1. ^{{cite web \| url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/IAU-CSN.txt \| title=IAU Catalog of Star Names \|accessdate=28 July 2016}} 2. ^{{cite web \| url=https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/ \| title=IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)\|accessdate=22 May 2016}} 3. ^{{cite web \| url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/WGSN_bulletin1.pdf \| title=Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1 \|accessdate=28 July 2016}} 4. ^{{zh icon}} 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, {{ISBN\|978-986-7332-25-7}}. 5. ^{{zh icon}} 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表 {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819122914/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_t_z.htm \|date=August 19, 2010 }}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010. 6. ^{{zh icon}} English-Chinese Glossary of Chinese Star Regions, Asterisms and Star Name {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100810114313/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/e_research_chinengstarzone_b.htm#SupremePalaceEnclosure \|date=August 10, 2010 }}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010. 7. ^¹Richard Hinckley Allen: Star Names — Their Lore and Meaning: Virgo 8. ^¹{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Soubiran \| first1=C. \| last2=Bienaymé \| first2=O. \| last3=Mishenina \| first3=T. V. \| last4=Kovtyukh \| first4=V. V. \| title=Vertical distribution of Galactic disk stars. IV. AMR and AVR from clump giants \| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics \| date=2008 \| volume=480 \| issue=1 \| pages=91–101 \| bibcode=2008A&A...480...91S \| doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078788 \|arxiv = 0712.1370 }} 9. ^¹²{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Nordgren \| first1=Tyler E. \| last2=Germain \| first2=M. E. \| last3=Benson \| first3=J. A. \| last4=Mozurkewich \| first4=D. \| last5=Sudol \| first5=J. J. \| last6=Elias \| first6=N. M., II \| last7=Hajian \| first7=Arsen R. \| last8=White \| first8=N. M. \| last9=Hutter \| first9=D. J. \| title=Stellar Angular Diameters of Late-Type Giants and Supergiants Measured with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer \| journal=The Astronomical Journal \| volume=118 \| issue=6 \| pages=3032–3038 \|date=December 1999 \| doi=10.1086/301114 \| bibcode=1999AJ....118.3032N \| url=http://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=phys_facpub }} 10. ^¹{{citation \| last1=Pizzolato \| first1=N. \| last2=Maggio \| first2=A. \| last3=Sciortino \| first3=S. \| title=Evolution of X-ray activity of 1-3 Msun late-type stars in early post-main-sequence phases \| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics \| volume=361 \| pages=614–628 \|date=September 2000 \| bibcode=2000A&A...361..614P }} 11. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=da Silva \| first1=L. \| last2=Girardi \| first2=L. \| last3=Pasquini \| first3=L. \| last4=Setiawan \| first4=J. \| last5=von der Lühe \| first5=O. \| last6=de Medeiros \| first6=J. R. \| last7=Hatzes \| first7=A. \| last8=Döllinger \| first8=M. P. \| last9=Weiss \| first9=A. \| title=Basic physical parameters of a selected sample of evolved stars \| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics \| volume=458 \| issue=2 \| pages=609–623 \|date=November 2006 \| doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20065105 \| bibcode=2006A&A...458..609D \|arxiv = astro-ph/0608160 }} 12. ^¹²{{citation \| last1=Mallik \| first1=Sushma V. \| title=Lithium abundance and mass \| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics \| volume=352 \| pages=495–507 \|date=December 1999 \| bibcode=1999A&A...352..495M }} 13. ^¹{{cite simbad \| title=eps Vir \| accessdate=May 10, 2010 }} 14. ^¹{{citation \| last=Allen \| first=R. H. \| date=1963 \| authorlink=Richard Hinckley Allen \| title=Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning \| url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Virgo*.html \| accessdate=2010-12-12 \| edition=Reprint \| publisher=Dover Publications Inc \| location=New York, NY \| isbn=0-486-21079-0 \| page=469 }} 15. ^¹{{citation \| last1=Garrison \| first1=R. F. \| title=Anchor Points for the MK System of Spectral Classification \| journal=Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society \| volume=25 \| page=1319 \|date=December 1993 \| bibcode=1993AAS...183.1710G \| url=http://www.astro.utoronto.ca/~garrison/mkstds.html \| accessdate=2012-02-04 }} 16. ^¹{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Setiawan \| first1=J. \| last2=Pasquini \| first2=L. \| last3=da Silva \| first3=L. \| last4=Hatzes \| first4=A. P. \| last5=von der Lühe \| first5=O. \| last6=Girardi \| first6=L. \| last7=de Medeiros \| first7=J. R. \| last8=Guenther \| first8=E. \| title=Precise radial velocity measurements of G and K giants. Multiple systems and variability trend along the Red Giant Branch \| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics \| volume=421 \| pages=241–254 \|date=July 2004 \| doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20041042-1 \| bibcode=2004A&A...421..241S }} 17. ^¹²³⁴{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Gutierrez-Moreno \| first1=Adelina \| last2=Moreno \| first2=H. \| last3=Stock \| first3=J. \| last4=Torres \| first4=C. \| last5=Wroblewski \| first5=H. \| title=A System of photometric standards \| publisher=Publicaciones Universidad de Chile, Department de Astronomy \| volume=1 \| pages=1–17 \| date=1966 \| bibcode=1966PDAUC...1....1G }} 18. ^¹{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Wielen \| first1=R. \| last2=Schwan \| first2=H. \| last3=Dettbarn \| first3=C. \| last4=Lenhardt \| first4=H. \| last5=Jahreiß \| first5=H. \| last6=Jährling \| first6=R. \| title=Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars (FK6). Part I. Basic fundamental stars with direct solutions \| publisher=Veröffentlichungen des Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg \| volume=35 \| date=1999 \| bibcode=1999VeARI..35....1W }} 19. ^¹²{{citation \| last1=Morgan \| first1=W. W. \| last2=Keenan \| first2=P. C. \| title=Spectral Classification \| journal=Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics \| volume=11 \| page=29 \| date=1973 \| doi=10.1146/annurev.aa.11.090173.000333 \| bibcode=1973ARA&A..11...29M }} ^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19] }} External links {{citation \| first1=james B. \| last1=Kaler \| title=Vindemiatrix \| work=Stars \| url=http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/vindemiatrix.html \| accessdate=2011-01-12 }} {{Virgo}} 9 : Bayer objects\|Virgo (constellation)\|G-type giants\|Stars with proper names\|Flamsteed objects\|Hipparcos objects\|HR objects\|Henry Draper Catalogue objects\|Durchmusterung objects
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Stellar properties

Nomenclature

References

External links