| 词条 | Shaozhou Tuhua |
| 释义 |
|name=Tuhua |nativename=Shaozhou Tuhua, Xiangnan Tuhua, Yuebei Tuhua Shipo, Shina |states=China |region=Hunan–Guang |ethnicity=Chinese, Yao |speakers=1 million |date=no date |ref=[1] |familycolor=Sino-Tibetan |fam2=Chinese |fam3=unclassified |script=Nüshu |iso3=none |iso6=sazo |glotto=quji1234 |glottorefname=Qujiang Hakka-Shibei Shaoguan Tuhua |lingua=79-AAA-ph }} Shaozhou Tuhua (traditional: 韶州土話; simplified: 韶州土话 Sháozhōu Tǔhuà "Shaoguan tuhua"), or simply Tuhua, is an unclassified Chinese variety spoken in the border region of the provinces Guangdong, Hunan and Guangxi. It is mutually unintelligible with Xiang, Cantonese, or Mandarin. Xiangnan Tuhua is the language of nüshu, the "women's script" of Jiangyong County in Yongzhou, Hunan. ClassificationSome scholars consider it to be an extension of Ping Chinese (Pinghua) in Guangxi. Others consider it to have a foundation in Song dynasty-era Middle Gan, mixed with Hakka, Cantonese, and Southwestern Mandarin. There is likely also significant non-Chinese influence such as Yao, and it may even have started out as Sinicized Yao.[1] Chen (2012) notes that Shaoguan Tuhua of Shibei 石陂 (in Zhenjiang District) shares many similarities with Hakka of Qujiang District, due to intensive contact. DialectsShaozhou Tuhua is also known as Yuebei Tuhua 粤北土话 "Northern Guangxi/Guangdong Tuhua" in Guangxi and Guangdong and as Xiangnan Tuhua 湘南土话 "Southern Hunanese Tuhua" or Hunan Tuhua in Hunan, and as 虱婆话 shīpó huà "Shipo dialect", 虱乸话 shīnǎ huà "Shina dialect",[2] or 虱婆声 shīpó shēng "Shipo accent"[3] in its own region. It is also known as Pingdi Yaohua (平地瑶话 "Lowland Yao dialect"), locally Piongtuojo, Piongtoajeu; "Yao" here might be a cultural designation, as only half of the one million speakers are classified as ethnic Yao.[4][5] Li & Zhuang (2009) cover the following dialects of Shaoguan Tuhua.[6]
Zhang Shuangqing (2004) covers 5 dialects of Lianzhou Tuhua (连州土话).[7]
DistributionTuhua is retreating before Cantonese and Hakka and is found in rural dialect islands in the northern Guangdong counties of Lechang, Renhua, Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County, Qujiang, Nanxiong, Zhenjiang, Wujiang (parts of Shaoguan prefecture-level city), and Lianzhou and Liannan Yao Autonomous County in Qingyuan prefecture-level city. In Hunan it is found in the southeast, throughout most of Yongzhou prefecture (apart from Qiyang County in the northeast) and the western half of Chenzhou prefecture. See also
Further reading
References1. ^Cited in Chiang (1995) We two know the script, we have become good friends, p. 28, footnote 43. 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gdsglib.cn/html/CS/MF/2008-8-20/088204472F780C64HD15KEF6.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-07-13 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707031152/http://www.gdsglib.cn/html/CS/MF/2008-8-20/088204472F780C64HD15KEF6.htm |archivedate=2011-07-07 |df= }} 3. ^武江概况 人口语言 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707041545/http://www.sgwjq.gov.cn/wj/news_detail.do?menu_id=7&cid=99&news_id=343 |date=2011-07-07 }} 4. ^Ming studies, 34–35:55, University of Minnesota, 1995 5. ^1 {{e13|ium|Iu Mien}} "Pingdi Yao (Piongtuojo, Piongtoajeu) is a variety of Chinese with 1,000,000 speakers, half of whom are members of Yao nationality" 6. ^Li Dongxiang, Zhuang Chusheng [李冬香, 庄初升]. 2009. An Investigation of Shaoguan Tuhua [韶关土话调查研究]. Jinan University Press [暨南大学出版社]. 7. ^Zhang Shuangqing [张双庆]. 2004. A Study of Lianzhou Tuhua [连州土话研究-粤北土话研究丛书2]. Xiaman University Press [厦门大学出版社].
External links
5 : Chinese-based pidgins and creoles|Yao people|Hunan|Guangdong|Guangxi |
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