| 词条 | Etobicoke Creek | |||||
| 释义 |
| name = Etobicoke Creek | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = from the Mississauga word wah-do-be-kang (wadoopikaang) | image = Etobicoke Creek Toronto.jpg | image_caption = Looking north up Etobicoke Creek from Lake Shore Boulevard | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Canada Toronto | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Location of the mouth of the creek in Toronto | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = Canada | subdivision_type2 = Province | subdivision_name2 = Ontario | subdivision_type3 = Region | subdivision_name3 = Greater Toronto Area | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Municipalities | subdivision_name5 = Toronto, Mississauga, Brampton, Caledon | length = {{convert|61|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|0.5|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = | source1 = | source1_location = Caledon, Regional Municipality of Peel | source1_coordinates= {{coord|43|47|19|N|79|53|39|W|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|300|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = Lake Ontario | mouth_location = Marie Curtis Park, Toronto | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|43|35|05|N|79|32|28|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|74|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|211|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = Spring Creek, Little Etobicoke Creek | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} Etobicoke Creek {{IPAc-en|audio=etobicoke.ogg|ɛ|ˈ|t|oʊ|b|ᵻ|k|oʊ}} is a river in the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario, Canada.[1] It is a tributary of Lake Ontario and runs from Caledon to southern Etobicoke, part of the City of Toronto. The creek is within the jurisdiction of the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority. EtymologyThe name "Etobicoke" was derived from the Mississauga word wah-do-be-kang (wadoopikaang),[2] meaning "place where the alders grow", which was used to describe the area between Etobicoke Creek and the Humber River. The first provincial land surveyor, Augustus Jones, also spelled it as "ato-be-coake". A letter from January 22, 1775 uses "Tobacock".[3] Etobicoke was adopted as the official name of the township (later city, now part of the city of Toronto) in 1795 on the direction of Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe.[4] The name for the waterway used in the Toronto Purchase treaty was Etobicoke River.[5] Simcoe in a memo from April 5, 1796 refers to it as "Smith River or Etobicoke".[6] In a letter dated April 9, 1796 he used "Tobicoke".[7] Both "creek" and "river" appear in newspapers and books until about 1960.[8]{{rp| 97}}{{rp| 99}} "Creek" was officially adopted by the Geographical Names Board of Canada on November 18, 1962,[1] though it existed far earlier.[9] CourseEtobicoke Creek begins south of the Oak Ridges Moraine and flows through Caledon, Brampton, and Mississauga — west of the Toronto Pearson International Airport and the surrounding industrial area — to its mouth at Lake Ontario in the Etobicoke portion of the city of Toronto. The length of the creek is {{convert|61|km|mi|0}}.[10] WatershedThe creek's southern section forms a city and county-level boundary, separating Toronto on the east from Mississauga, part of the Regional Municipality of Peel, on the west. The eastern side is in Toronto. The watershed encompasses {{convert|211|km2|sqmi|0}}.[10] Mean summer waterflow has increased over the period 1967 to 2006 from 3.5 m3/s to 5.0 m3/s as recorded at a measuring station near the river mouth at the Queen Elizabeth Way.[11] The creek ends in a large recreational area, Marie Curtis Park. It is surrounded by big cliffs and the bottom is solid stone, often covered with smaller rocks. It is full of little fish and crayfish, a sign of purity of water. GeologyThe creek is characterized by winding paths ravines and shale banks.[12] Aircraft accidentsA section of Etobicoke Creek runs close to Toronto's Pearson International Airport, leaving a ravine very close to the west ends of runways 24L and 24R or the beginnings of Runways 6R & 6L. There have been two major aircraft incidents which have resulted in aircraft in the ravine.
The position of the ravine so close to the airport's overrun area has raised some concerns among the general public,[15] despite Toronto Pearson's compliance with all safety regulations. Neighbourhoods
Tributaries
GallerySee also
References1. ^1 {{cite cgndb|id= FBDAC|title= Etobicoke Creek|accessdate=2012-03-15}} {{refbegin}}2. ^{{cite book|last1= Nichols|first1= John D|last2= Nyholm|first2= Earl|title= A Concise Dictionary of Minnesota Ojibwe|year= 1995|location= Minneapolis|publisher= University of Minnesota Press|isbn= 978-0-8166-2427-0|oclc= 31242698}} 3. ^{{cite book| chapter=From E. B. Littlehales to D. W. Smith| pages=263| title=The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe, 1789-1796| volume=3| editor=E. A Cruikshank | publisher=Ontario Historical Society | year=1923}} 4. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.kingswayratepayers.com/histetobicoke.htm|first= Paul|last= Willoughby|title= A Brief History of Etobicoke|accessdate= 2012-03-15|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120324022239/http://www.kingswayratepayers.com/histetobicoke.htm|archivedate= 2012-03-24|df= }} 5. ^{{cite book | title=Indians of North America | year=1891| volume=1| author=B Chamberlin| page=34| url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=LP57nRxHw_gC&pg=PA73&lpg=PA73&dq=%22river+etobicoke%22&source=bl&ots=MTRSV-4h0K&sig=uFFyYvBoVVfha3HLrYQaz8l12Nc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwidjO67-NXWAhWLzIMKHXolBDU4FBDoAQg9MAU#v=onepage&q=%22river%20etobicoke%22&f=false}} 6. ^{{cite book| chapter=Lieut. Governor Simcoe's Minutes for the Attention of the Executive Council| pages=233 | title=The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe, 1789-1796| volume=4| editor=E. A Cruikshank | publisher=Ontario Historical Society | year=1923}} 7. ^{{cite book| chapter=From J. G. Simcoe to Lord Dorchester | pages=239| title=The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe, 1789-1796| volume=4| editor=E. A Cruikshank | publisher=Ontario Historical Society | year=1923}} 8. ^{{cite book| title=History of Toronto and County of York, Ontario: Containing an Outline of the History of the Dominion of Canada; a History of the City of Toronto and the County of York, with the Townships, Towns, General and Local Statistics; Biographical Sketches, Volume 1| chapter=Township of Etobicoke| url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=ttEOAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22History+of+Toronto+and+County+of+York,+Ontario%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s| author=Graeme Mercer|display-authors=etal| publisher=C.B. Robinson | year=1885}} 9. ^For example, in an atlas of York County of 1880, per {{cite web|url= http://digital.library.mcgill.ca/Countyatlas/york.htm|title= Map of York County|work= 1880 Map of Ontario Counties|publisher= The Canadian County Digital Atlas Project at McGill University|year= 2001|accessdate= 2012-03-15}} 10. ^1 {{cite web|url= http://www.trca.on.ca/the-living-city/watersheds/etobicoke-mimico-creek/emwtu2011/0-EXECUTIVESUMMARY.pdf |format= PDF|title= Executive summary|work= Etobicoke and Mimico Creeks Watersheds Technical Update Report|publisher= Toronto and Region Conservation Authority|year= 2010|accessdate= 2012-03-15|isbn= 978-0-9811107-6-9}} 11. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.trca.on.ca/the-living-city/watersheds/etobicoke-mimico-creek/emwtu2011/04-Baseflow.pdf |format= PDF|title= Section 4.0 - Baseflow and water use|work= Etobicoke and Mimico Creeks Watersheds Technical Update Report|publisher= Toronto and Region Conservation Authority|year= 2010|accessdate= 2012-03-15|isbn= 978-0-9811107-6-9}} 12. ^{{cite web|url= http://torontoparks.com/etobcr.html |last= McRae|first= Margaret|title= Etobicoke Creek|work= Parks and Gardens in Toronto West|date= 2011-10-09|accessdate= 2012-03-15}} 13. ^{{cite news|title= 'A miracle' no deaths as Air France flight skids off runway, burns in Toronto|url= http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2005/08/02/airfrance050802.html|publisher= CBC News|date= 2005-08-02|accessdate= 2012-03-15}} 14. ^{{cite news|title= Air France crash 'a hell of a roller coaster'|url= http://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-08-03/air-france-crash-a-hell-of-a-roller-coaster/2072980|publisher= ABC News|date= 2005-08-03|accessdate= 2012-03-15}} 15. ^http://www.cbc.ca/news/viewpoint/yourspace/airfrance_crash.html {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050805013058/http://www.cbc.ca/news/viewpoint/yourspace/airfrance_crash.html |date=August 5, 2005 }}
External links{{Commons category|Etobicoke Creek}}
4 : Etobicoke|Rivers of Toronto|Tributaries of Lake Ontario|Rivers of Mississauga |
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