| 词条 | Ettore Sottsass |
| 释义 |
|name = Ettore Sottsass |image =Ettore Sottsass 1969.jpg |image_size = 250px |caption =Ettore Sottsass in 1969 |nationality = Italian |birth_date = {{Birth date|1917|9|14|df=y}} |birth_place = Innsbruck, Austria-Hungary |death_date = {{Death date and age|2007|12|31|1917|9|14|df=y}} |death_place = Milan, Italy |practice = Sottsass Associati |significant_buildings= Mayer-Schwarz Gallery Beverly Hills, California |significant_projects = |awards = }} Ettore Sottsass (14 September 1917 – 31 December 2007) was an Italian architect and designer during the 20th century. His body of work included furniture, jewellery, glass, lighting, home objects and office machine design, as well as many buildings and interiors. Early lifeSottsass was born on September 14, 1917, in Innsbruck, Austria, and grew up in Turin, where his father, also named Ettore Sottsass, was an architect.[1] The elder Sottsass belonged to the modernist architecture group Movimento Italiano per l'Architectura Razionale (MIAR), which was led by Giuseppe Pagano. The younger Sottsass was educated at the Politecnico di Torino in Turin and graduated in 1939 with a degree in architecture. He served in the Italian military, in the Repubblica Sociale Italiana, and spent some of World War II in a prison and then in a labor camp in Yugoslavia.[1] Early careerAfter returning home, Ettore Sottsass worked as an architect with his father, often on new modernist versions of buildings that were destroyed during the war. In 1947, living in Milan, he set up his own architectural and industrial design studio,[2] where he began to create work in a variety of different media: ceramic, painting, sculpture, furniture, photography, jewelry, architecture and interior design. In 1949 Sottsass married Fernanda Pivano, a writer, journalist, translator and critic.[3] In 1956, Sottsass traveled to New York City and began working in the office of George Nelson. He and Pivano traveled widely while working for Nelson, and returned to Italy after a few months. Also in 1956, Sottsass was commissioned by the American entrepreneur Irving Richards on an exhibition of his ceramics.[4] Back in Italy in 1957, Sottsass joined Poltronova, a semi-industrial producer of contemporary furniture, as an artistic consultant[5]. Much of the furniture he worked on there influenced the design he would create later with Memphis Milano. OlivettiIn 1958, Sottsass was hired by Adriano Olivetti as a design consultant for Olivetti, to design electronic devices and develop the first Italian mainframe computer, the Elea 9003 for which he was awarded the Compasso d'Oro in 1959. He also designed office equipment, typewriters, and furniture. There Sottsass made his name as a designer who, through colour, form and styling, managed to bring office equipment into the realm of popular culture.[6] His first typewriters, the Tekne 3 and the Praxis 48, were characterized by their sobriety and their angularity. With Perry A. King, Sottsass created the Valentine in 1969 which is considered today as a milestone in 20th century Design. Light, portable, which become a fashion accessory[6] While continuing to design for Olivetti in the 1960s, Sottsass developed a range of objects which were expressions of his personal experiences traveling in the United States and India.[7] These objects included large altar-like ceramic sculptures and his "Superboxes", radical sculptural gestures presented within a context of consumer product, as conceptual statements.[8] Covered in bold and colorful, simulated custom laminates, they were precursors to Memphis, a movement which came more than a decade later.[9] Around this time, Sottsass said: "I didn’t want to do any more consumerist products, because it was clear that the consumerist attitude was quite dangerous."[10][11] As a result, his work from the late 1960s to the 1970s was defined by experimental collaborations with younger designers such as Superstudio and Archizoom Associati,[12] and association with the Radical movement, culminating in the foundation of Memphis at the turn of the decade. In 1970s he designed the modular office equipment Synthesis 45. Sottsass and Fernanda Pivano divorced in 1970, and in 1976 Sottsass married Barbara Radice, an art critic and journalist. When Roberto Olivetti succeeded as head of the company, he named Sottsass artistic director and gave him a high salary, but Sottsass refused. Instead he created the Studio Olivetti independent of Olivetti and became instantly the most creative international centre of design associating research with creation and industrial strategy. His concern that his creativity would have been stifled by corporate work is documented in his 1973 essay "When I was a Very Small Boy".[13] In 1968, the Royal College of Art in London granted Sottsass an honorary doctorate.[14] Memphis Group{{main|Memphis Group}}With the rise of new groups (Global tools, Archizoom, Superstudio, UFO, Zzigurat, 9999...) the handmade appeared suddenly as the new game for experimentation, a lot of these new groups playing in this new/old path to renew creation. In October 1980, Sottsass was confronted with two proposals, one from Renzo Brugola, a dear old friend and carpenter, telling him his will "to make something together like in the good old times,” and the other one from Mario and Brunella Godani, owners of the Design Gallery Milano, who asked him to create "new furniture" for their gallery. Ettore Sottsass founded the Memphis Group in Milan on December 11, 1980, after the Bob Dylan song "Stuck inside of Mobile with the Memphis blues again" played during the group's inaugural meeting. The group was active from 1981 to 1988. Sottsass AssociatiAs the Memphis movement in the 1980s attracted attention worldwide for its energy and flamboyance, Ettore Sottsass began assembling a major design consultancy, which he named Sottsass Associati. Sottsass Associati was established in 1980 and gave the possibility to build architecture on a substantial scale as well as to design for large international industries. Besides Ettore Sottsass, the others founding members were Aldo Cibic, Marco Marabelli, Matteo Thun and Marco Zanin Sottsass Associati, primarily an architectural practice, also designed elaborate stores and showrooms for Esprit, identities for Alessi, exhibitions, interiors, consumer electronics in Japan and furniture of all kinds. The studio was based on the cultural guidance of Ettore Sottsass and the work conducted by its many young associates, who often left to open their own studios. Sottsass Associati is now based in London and Milan and continue to sustain the work, philosophy and culture of the studio. The studio works with former members of Memphis as well as with the architect Johanna Grawunder and the industrial designer James Irvine. It works for major companies like Apple, Philips, Siemens, Zanotta, Fiat, Alessi, and also realises the interior design of all the retail shops of Esprit (Esprit Holdings) Notable achievements in design
Notable achievements in architecture
Other worksAs an industrial designer, his clients included Fiorucci, Esprit, the Italian furniture company Poltronova, Knoll International, Serafino Zani, Alessi and Brondi. As an architect, he designed the Mayer-Schwarz Gallery on Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills, California, with its dramatic doorway made of irregular folds and jagged angles, and the home of David M. Kelley, designer of Apple's first computer mouse, in Woodside, California. The interiors of the Malpensa Airport, in Milan, were designed by Sottsass in the late 1990s, but he did not architect the building.[16] In the mid-1990s, he designed the sculpture garden and entry gates of the W. Keith and Janet Kellogg Gallery at the campus of Cal Poly Pomona. He collaborated with well-known figures in the architecture and design field, including Aldo Cibic, James Irvine, Matteo Thun. Sottsass created a vast body of work: furniture, jewelry, ceramics, glass, silver work, lighting, office machine design and buildings. He inspired generations of architects and designers. In 2006 the Los Angeles County Museum of Art held the first major museum survey exhibition of his work in the United States. A retrospective exhibition, Ettore Sottsass: Work in Progress, was held at the Design Museum in London in 2007. In 2009, the Marres Centre for Contemporary Culture in Maastricht presented a re-construction of a Sottsass' exhibition 'Miljö för en ny planet' (Landscape for a new planet), which took place in the National Museum in Stockholm in 1969.[8] In 2017, on the occasion of Sottsass' 100th birthday, the Met Breuer museum in New York City presented the retrospective Ettore Sottsass: Design Radical.[17] One of his works—Telefono Enorme, designed with David M. Kelley for Brondi—is part of the MOMA Collection, as well as many drawings. Design objects and drawings by Sottsass are also in the permanent collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Design Museum in London, the Vitra Design Museum, the Brooklyn Museum, the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, the Stedelijk Museum. In 1999, he was awarded the Sir Misha Black award and was added to the College of Medallists.[18] Bibliography
References1. ^1 {{Cite book|url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/ettore-sottsass-and-the-poetry-of-things/oclc/905521915&referer=brief_results|title=Ettore Sottsass and the poetry of things|last=Sudjic|first=Deyan|date=2015|isbn=0714869538|language=English}} 2. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/01/arts/01sottsass.html|title=Ettore Sottsass, Designer, Is Dead at 90|last=Pogrebin|first=Robin J.|date=2008-01-01|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-07-03|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} 3. ^[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1574260/Ettore-Sottsass.html Ettore Sottsass]. The Telegraph. 2 January 2008 4. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.artuner.com/insight/take-care-ettore-sottsass-jesse-wine/|title=Take Care: Ettore Sottsass and Jesse Wine |work=ARTUNER |access-date=2017-07-03|language=en-GB}} 5. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.centrostudipoltronova.it/ettore-sottsass-jr/|title=Ettore Sottsass Jr - Centro Studi Polotronova|date=1970-01-01|work=Centro Studi Polotronova|access-date=2017-07-03|language=it-IT}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article3118052.ece |title=Designer who helped to make office equipment fashionable and challenged the standard notion of tasteful interiors |publisher=Timesonline.co.uk |date= |accessdate=13 June 2013}} 7. ^Radice, Barbara (1993). Ettore Sottsass: A Critical Biography. London, Thames and Hudson. 8. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.marres.org/en/program/exhibition/we_were_exuberant_and_still_had_hope_ettore_sottsass_works_from_stockholm_1969 |title=We Were Exuberant and Still Had Hope. Ettore Sottsass: works from Stockholm, 1969 – Marres Maastricht – Centre For Contemporary Culture |publisher=Marres.org |date=10 January 2010 |accessdate=13 June 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130415084647/http://www.marres.org/en/program/exhibition/we_were_exuberant_and_still_had_hope_ettore_sottsass_works_from_stockholm_1969 |archive-date=15 April 2013 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.studio-international.co.uk/books/sottsass.asp|title=Home Content, Studio International|publisher=studio-international.co.uk|accessdate=29 April 2014}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iconeye.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2413:ettore-sottsass--icon-046--april-2007|title=The most comprehensive archives of architecture and design content – Icon Magazine|publisher=iconeye.com|accessdate=29 April 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728064105/http://www.iconeye.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2413%3Aettore-sottsass--icon-046--april-2007|archivedate=28 July 2011|df=dmy-all}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://guykeulemans.com/stuff/superunfoldedbox |title=superunfoldedbox |publisher=Guykeulemans.com |date= |accessdate=13 June 2013}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.artandculture.com/users/129-ettore-sottsass |title=Ettore Sottsass @ Art + Culture |publisher=Artandculture.com |date=26 March 2009 |accessdate=13 June 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820105406/http://www.artandculture.com/users/129-ettore-sottsass |archivedate=20 August 2012 |df=dmy-all }} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.designobserver.com/observatory/entry.html?entry=7937 |title=When I Was a Very Small Boy: Observatory |publisher=Design Observer |date=31 December 2007 |accessdate=13 June 2013}} 14. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.design-technology.org/ettoresottsass.htm|title= Ettore Sottsass|website= design-technology.org}} 15. ^{{Cite book|title=Sottsass Associates|last=|first=|publisher=Rizzoli International Publications, Inc.|year=1988|isbn=|editor-last=Sottsass|editor-first=Ettore|location=New York|pages=}} 16. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/06/arts/concerned-more-about-people-than-the-planes.html|title=Concerned More About People Than the Planes|last=Muschamp|first=Herbert|date=1997-07-06|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-11-24|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} 17. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2017/ettore-sottsass|title=Ettore Sottsass: Design Radical|website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art, i.e. The Met Museum|access-date=2017-11-24}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mishablackawards.org.uk/the-medal|title=The Sir Misha Black Medal | Misha Black Awards|publisher=mishablackawards.org.uk|accessdate=29 April 2014}} External links{{Commons category}}
8 : 1917 births|2007 deaths|Italian architects|Italian industrial designers|Italian furniture designers|Italian people of Austrian descent|Italian designers|Olivetti people |
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