词条 | Special Forces of Zimbabwe |
释义 |
Special Forces of Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia) are the units of the Zimbabwe National Army that operate as special forces. These forces have been deployed in several African conflicts, including the Mozambique Civil War and the Second Congo War. AntecedentsIn 1980 Prime Minister Robert Mugabe declared integration of Rhodesian Army, which at independence was the existing army, with the two guerilla armies: Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA) and Zimbabwe People’s Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA). This meant Rhodesian Special forces were quickly disbanded and refounded. The Selous Scouts were disbanded and became the 1 Parachute Regiment. 1 Commando Brigade was created based on the Rhodesia Light Infantry and Rhodesian African Rifles. British advisors refounded the Special Air Service. Special Forces selection and training were taken from the ones used by Rhodesian army Special forces. The first operation of the new Special Forces lasted from December 5 to 9 in 1984. Operation Lemon comprised elements of 3 Brigade, the Parachute Group and Special Air Service. Special Forces were deployed to Mozambique to protect the Beira Corridor railway link between Zimbabwe and the port of Beira. CompositionAccording to Jane's Special Forces Recognition Guide, Special Forces in the Zimbabwe National Army include:
There is also a diving school, equipped with a decompression chamber, operated in conjunction with the commandos. The Police operates patrol boats that include 2 x Rodman 46HJ, 3 x Rodman 38, 5 x Roadman 26, 8 x Type B 79 and an unknown number of Rodman 790s. OperationsAngolaSome sources[7] claim Zimbabwean commandos led the final assault on UNITA leading to the eventual killing of Jonas Savimbi.[8] Zimbabwe sent 2,000 troop to help the Angola government end the war. MozambiqueSpecial Forces launched several search and destroy operations against RENAMO guerrillas.
CongoZimbabwean commandos defended Kinshasa at the last minute when it was on the brink of falling to rebels to invading Ugandan and Rwandan army units. Due to the river networks in the DRC, the Boat Squadron saw extensive use during the course of Zimbabwe’s involvement. In August 1998 the ZDF had one SAS squadron supporting a battalion of paratroopers defending N’Djili from Rwandan offensive. The Parachute Regiment suffered a heavy blow when 15 soldiers and together with their CASA 212 were captured after landing on an airstrip already controlled by the invading forces. It is believed the DRC government army unit they were supposed to join had defected to the rebels. [10] Zimbabwean SAS ambushed a column of rebel Type-59 tanks close to Kinshasa, knocking out the lead tank and creating panic in the rest of crews, that abandoned their tanks and ran away. When the rebels attacked the airport Zimbabweans SAS and paratroopers remained in possession of the military side of the airport plus the control tower and eventually defeated the offensive. The battle of Kinshasa was won by the Air force of Zimbabwe, that could operate from the part of the airport controller by ZDF troops. It played a crucial role in the securing of Kinshasa as the ZNA could not move since the rebels were all over the place. It was the jets of 5 Sqn which played a crucial role together with helicopter squadrons of the AFZ who managed to neutralise the rebels by destroying their tanks and heavy artillery. The AFZ gained a lot of respect for as they showed their expertise as well as professionalism throughout the entire war. Officers like Lt Nyachiwowo showed great courage in the operation. It was them who secured the Matadi corridor, Bukavu and the Inga dam with the support of the Zim commandos, SAS, Paras and Amphibious sqn. POINT OF CORRECTION, The CASA 212 aircraft was not captured but was only fired at after takeoff. The troops who had disembarked from the Casa fought a battle which lasted several hours and only surrendered after they had run out of ammunition. No Zimbabwean aircraft was captured intact in the DRC.[11] For more on past operations please see the Zimbabwe National Army page. References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.zimbabwedefence.com/News_SF_Anniversary.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314200426/http://www.zimbabwedefence.com/News_SF_Anniversary.html|title=Special forces mark anniversaries|archivedate=14 March 2012|publisher=ZDF News|accessdate=14 April 2016}} {{reflist|group=Selous Scouts Regiment}}2. ^Selous Scout 3. ^{{cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200706141067.html|work=allAfrica.com|title=Zimbabwe: Army Investigates Reports of Coup Plot|author= Tichaona Sibanda|date=14 June 2007}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.thezimbabwean.co.uk/news/zimbabwe/53780/zna-looking-for-gi-janes.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130428040836/http://www.thezimbabwean.co.uk/news/zimbabwe/53780/zna-looking-for-gi-janes.html|title=ZNA looking for GI Janes|date=18 October 2011|archivedate=28 April 2013|publisher=The Zimbabwean|accessdate=14 April 2016}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iss.co.za/pubs/Books/Evol_Revol%20Oct%2005/Chap13.pdf |title=Tracking Zimbabwe’s political history: The Zimbabwe Defence Force from 1980–2005 |accessdate=2007-06-03 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205044214/http://www.iss.co.za/pubs/Books/Evol_Revol%20Oct%2005/Chap13.pdf |archivedate=February 5, 2012 |df= }} Knox Chitiyo & Martin Rupiya 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Sentinel-Security-Assessment-Southern-Africa/Navy-Zimbabwe.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614072057/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Sentinel-Security-Assessment-Southern-Africa/Navy-Zimbabwe.html|title=Navy (Zimbabwe) - Sentinel Security Assessment - Southern Africa|author=Jane's Information Group Ltd|archivedate=14 June 2012|publisher=|accessdate=14 April 2016}} 7. ^{{cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/199911050199.html|title=Zimbabwe leads assault on Angola|author=Rangarirai Shoko|date=5 November 1999|work=allafrica.com}} 8. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.zbc.co.zw/news-categories/top-stories/11017-zdf-among-the-best-forces-chiwenga.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222009/http://www.zbc.co.zw/news-categories/top-stories/11017-zdf-among-the-best-forces-chiwenga.html|title=ZDF among the best forces: Chiwenga|author=Thembinkosi Mangena|archivedate=3 March 2016|date=8 August 2011 |publisher=ZBC|accessdate=14 April 2016}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://ccrweb.ccr.uct.ac.za/archive/defencedigest/defdigest03.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205234951/http://ccrweb.ccr.uct.ac.za/archive/defencedigest/defdigest03.html|title=RAIDS ON GORONGOSSA: Zimbabwe's Military Involvement in Mozambique 1982 - 1992|author=Norman Mlambo|archivedate=5 February 2012|publisher=Defence Digest - Working Paper 3|accessdate=14 April 2016}} 10. ^http://iaafrica.com/the-siege-of-manono-zimbabweans-in-congo-war/ 11. ^http://www.thepatriot.co.zw/old_posts/an-army-with-a-proud-record/ External links
1 : Military units and formations of Zimbabwe |
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