| 词条 | Eva Burrows | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = General | name = Eva Evelyn Burrows | honorific-suffix = AC OF | image = GeneralEvaBurrows.jpg | caption = Eva Burrows at The Salvation Army's Australia Southern Territory Training College | imagesize = | office = 13th General of The Salvation Army | predecessor = Jarl Wahlström | successor = Bramwell Tillsley | term_start = 1986 | term_end = 1993 | birth_date = {{birth date|1929|09|15|df=y}} | birth_place = Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia | death_date = {{death date and age|2015|03|20|1929|09|15|df=y}} | death_place = Melbourne, Australia | nationality = Australian | party = | residence = Melbourne | alma_mater = University of Queensland | occupation = Salvation Army Officer | profession = }} General Eva Evelyn Burrows, AC, OF (15 September 1929{{spaced ndash}}20 March 2015) was an Australian Salvation Army Officer and was, from 1986 to 1993, the 13th General of the Salvation Army. She served as an Officer of the Salvation Army from 1951 to her retirement in 1993. In 1993 Henry Gariepy released her biography, General of God's Army the Authorized Biography of General Eva Burrows. Early lifeBurrows was born on 15 September 1929 in Newcastle. Her parents, Robert Burrows and Ella, were both Salvation Army Officers. The couple had nine children: Dorothy, Joyce, Beverly, Walter, Robert, Bramwell, Elizabeth, Eva and Margaret.[1] With her parents' itinerant life-style Burrows primary schooling was interrupted, she completed her secondary education at Brisbane State High School, where she was selected as a prefect and Head Girl.[2] From the age of seventeen, Burrows attended the University of Queensland and received her Bachelor of Arts in May 1950 with majors in English and History.[3] Salvation ArmyIn 1950 Burrows entered The Salvation Army's International Training College in London.[4] She was commissioned as a Salvation Army Officer in 1951. After studying at London University to be a teacher[5] she served at the Howard Institute in Rhodesia from 1952 to 1967, was Principal of the Usher Institute[6] from 1966 to 1970, and served at the International College for Officers, at The Cedars, Sydenham Hill London, from 1970 to 1975, first as Assistant Principal, then as Principal. She became the leader of the Salvation Army's Social Services for Women in Great Britain in 1975, and leader of the Salvation Army's work in Sri Lanka in 1977. In 1980 she became leader of the Salvation Army's work in Scotland, followed in 1982 as leader of the Salvation Army's work in the Australian Southern Territory. In 1986 she was elected General of the Salvation Army by the slimmest margin in the history of the High Council (22 to 24 on the fourth ballot, a margin of one person's vote).[7] In 1986, at 56, General Burrows became the organization’s youngest commander. The Australian-born Eva Burrows was the only woman candidate of seven and was elected by the army’s high council to replace the retiring General Jarl Wahlström. During her seven years as the leader of the Salvation Army – the highest ecclesiastical position held by any woman in the world – she proved highly effective, directing operations in some 90 countries and reawakening the Army’s founding spirit of evangelism by leading it back into Eastern Europe after the fall of communism.[8] At the end of her term as General, she was extended a further two years because of her excellent record and achievements.[9] Burrows continued active salvation warfare, having completed a ten-year post on the Board of the International Bible Society (in 2005), and being the international Champion of the Be A Hero campaign, as well as sitting on the Board of Reference of The Salvation Army War College. She wrote A Field For Exploits: Training Leaders For The Salvation Army.[10] DeathBurrows was promoted to Glory on 20 March 2015 at the Coppin Centre in Melbourne, Victoria, aged 85.[11] She was surrounded by loved ones on the day she passed, and two African nurses who were working there sang the Zimbabwe National anthem with her. A third nurse tending to her was from Usher, a school she had been principal of in Rhodesia.[12] HonoursIn the Australia Day Honours of 1986 Burrows was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) with the citation "In recognition of service to the temporal and spiritual welfare of the community and to social justice as the world leader of the Salvation Army".[13] In 1994 it was upgraded to Companion of the Order of Australia (AC).[14] In 1988 she became an Honorary Doctor of Liberal Arts at Ewha Womans University in Seoul, and was awarded an Honorary LLD from Asbury University in the USA in 1988. In December 1993, she received an honorary Doctor of Philosophy from her alma mater, the University of Queensland. On 1 January 2001 Burrows received a Centenary Medal "[f]or service to the Australian community".[15] In the same year she was also inducted to the Victorian Honour Roll of Women. Burrows was inducted into the Queensland Business Leaders Hall of Fame in 2012.[16][17] On Friday 3 July 2015 (AEST), just three months after her death, General Eva Burrows was awarded the highest honour of the Salvation Army posthumously, the "Order of the Founder" in a ceremony at Boundless, in London which celebrated 150 years of the Salvation Army. The award was received by Commissioner Tidd on behalf of the Burrows family.[18] Appointments and qualifications
References{{Refbegin}}General
1. ^Gariepy, (1993). p. 25. 2. ^Gariepy, (1993). p. 35. 3. ^Gariepy, (1993). pp. 35–36, 38, 40–43. 4. ^Interview with Robin Hughes. 26/11/1996. http://www.australianbiography.gov.au/subjects/burrows/interview1.html 5. ^Hughes, (1996) 6. ^https://usherhigh.wordpress.com/about 7. ^Henry Gariepy, Christianity in Action: The International History of The Salvation Army (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2009) 101. 8. ^https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11511366/General-Eva-Burrows-Salvation-Army-leader-obituary.html 9. ^https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/25/world/europe/eva-burrows-salvation-army-leader-dies-at-85.html?_r=0 10. ^https://www.amazon.ca/Field-Exploits-Training-Leaders-Salvation/dp/0854128433/ref=sr_1_1_title_1_pap?ie=UTF8&qid=1385152851&sr=8-1&keywords=%22A+FIELD+FOR+EXPLOITS%22+Burrows 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/salvation-army-leader-general-eva-burrows-dies-aged-85/story-fni0cx12-1227272620830|title=Salvation Army leader General Eva Burrows dies, aged 85|publisher=Daily Telegraph.com|accessdate=March 22, 2015}} 12. ^personal witness from her niece, Claire Southwell 13. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=872464&search_type=quick&showInd=true |title =Search Australian Honours result for Burrows, Eva Evelyn | publisher=It's an Honour Australia Celebrating Australians. Australian Government |date=26 January 1986 |accessdate=31 October 2012 }} 14. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=873614&search_type=quick&showInd=true |title =Search Australian Honours result for Burrows, Eva Evelyn | publisher=It's an Honour Australia Celebrating Australians. Australian Government |date=26 January 1994 |accessdate=31 October 2012 | quote = AC For service to the temporal and spiritual welfare of the community and to social justice as the world leader of the Salvation Army}}. 15. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=1120133&search_type=advanced&showInd=true |title =Search Australian Honours result for Burrows, Eva | publisher=It's an Honour Australia Celebrating Australians. Australian Government |date=1 January 2001 |accessdate=31 October 2012 }}. 16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://leaders.slq.qld.gov.au/inductees/|title=Hall of Fame|last=|first=|date=|website=Queensland Business Leaders Hall of Fame|publisher=State Library of Queensland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023083836/http://leaders.slq.qld.gov.au/inductees/|archive-date=23 October 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=23 October 2018}} 17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://leaders.slq.qld.gov.au/inductees/eva-burrows/|title=Queensland Business Leaders Hall of Fame {{!}} General (Rtd) Eva Burrows AC (1929 – 2015)|website=leaders.slq.qld.gov.au|language=en-US|access-date=2017-03-08}} 18. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.salvationarmy.org/ihq/news/inr030715b |title = Former General Honoured During International Congress Founders' Day Session}} 19. ^International Heritage Centre – Eva Burrows {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425065556/http://www1.salvationarmy.org.uk/uki/www_uki_ihc.nsf/vw-sublinks/43C5C7F1A950582880257058004A6689?openDocument |date=25 April 2011 }}. salvationarmy.org.uk. Retrieved on 2012-08-20. 20. ^{{cite web |url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/10694912?q&sort=holdings+desc&_=1351670772290&versionId=28999658 |title=General of God's Army the Authorized Biography of General Eva Burrows / by Henry Gariepy; Foreword by Billy Graham |accessdate=31 October 2012|publisher=National Library of Australia }} External links
| before=Jarl Wahlström | title=General of The Salvation Army | years=1986–1993 | after=Bramwell Tillsley }}{{s-end}}{{Portal| Biography }}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Burrows, Eva}} 10 : 1929 births|2015 deaths|Alumni of the University of London|Australian Salvationists|Companions of the Order of Australia|Recipients of the Centenary Medal|People from Brisbane|Salvation Army officers|People educated at Brisbane State High School|Queensland Business Leaders Hall of Fame inductees |
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