| 词条 | Eva Clayton |
| 释义 |
|name = Eva Clayton |image = File:Clayton-nc1.jpg |state = North Carolina |district = {{ushr|NC|1|1st}} |term_start = November 3, 1992 |term_end = January 3, 2003 |predecessor = Walter Jones |successor = Frank Ballance |birth_name = Eva McPherson |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1934|9|16}} |birth_place = Savannah, Georgia, U.S. |death_date = |death_place = |party = Democratic |spouse = Theaoseus Clayton |education = Johnson C. Smith University (BS) North Carolina Central University (MS) }} Eva McPherson Clayton (born September 16, 1934) is a politician from the state of North Carolina. On taking her seat in the United States House of Representatives following a special election in 1992, Clayton became the first African American to represent North Carolina in the House since George Henry White was elected to his second and last term in 1898. She was re-elected and served for five terms. In 2003, Clayton was appointed Assistant Director-General of the United Nations's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), based in Rome, Italy. Early life and educationBorn Eva McPherson in Savannah, Georgia,[1] Clayton graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree from Johnson C. Smith University in Charlotte, North Carolina, and a Master of Science degree from North Carolina Central University in Durham, North Carolina. She also attended law school at North Carolina Central University.[2] CareerClayton worked on the Soul City community development project in Warren County, North Carolina. In 1977, she was appointed Assistant Secretary for Community Development for the North Carolina State Department of Natural Resources and Community Development and served from 1977 to 1981. From 1982 to 1992, Clayton served as an elected member and chair of the Warren County Board of Commissioners. In 1992, she was elected from the 1st congressional district in North Carolina to the United States House of Representatives as a Democrat; at the same time she won a special election to finish the remaining months in 1992 of the term of Congressman Walter B. Jones Sr.. North Carolina had amended its constitution in 1899 to disfranchise Blacks, as did most southern states from 1890-1908, and no Black candidates were elected to Congress in the succeeding 92 years. When Representative Walter Jones Sr., announced his retirement in 1992, Clayton entered the Democratic primary to fill his seat.[3] Recently reapportioned by the state legislature, the congressional district was one of two in North Carolina that had a black majority In 1992. Clayton and Mel Watt became the first African Americans to win election to the House from North Carolina since 1898. (As Clayton won a special election, she took office before Watt). Watt's 12th congressional district was one of two minority majority districts developed in the 1990s, in order to give the substantial minority of African Americans in the state the ability to elect candidates of their choice, in compliance with the Voting Rights Act of 1965.[4] Clayton gained national attention as president of her Democratic freshman class in Congress. During her ten years of distinguished service as a United States Congresswoman, Clayton served on the House Agriculture Committee and as the ranking member of the United States Department of Agriculture's Operations Oversight, Nutrition, and Forestry Subcommmittees. She also served on the House Budget and Small Business Committees. She was actively engaged in the legislative development of the Department of Agriculture's Operation policy. She was a conferee on the 2002 Farm Bill and is recognized by national organizations, including the National Journal publications, for providing essential leadership by garnering support for nutritional programs and the civil rights and support for African American farmers in the final version of the Farm Bill. She provided additional leadership by serving as the bipartisan co-chair of the Rural Caucus and as the chair of the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation.[5] In 2003, Clayton was appointed Assistant Director-General and Special Adviser to the Director-General on World Food Summit Follow-up with the Food Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations in Rome, Italy. She served in that capacity for three years, in which she was responsible for encouraging the establishment of global alliances and partnerships to fight hunger and poverty in twenty-four different countries around the world, including the United States, Brazil, Ghana, and Jordan. Clayton remains a strong advocate for the hungry and the poor and she continuously promotes sustainable agriculture and equality in this country and around the world.[6] Clayton is currently an independent consultant for Eva Clayton Associates International (ECAI), where she focuses her efforts on improving global agriculture, food security, poverty reduction, and rural development. She advocates for the elimination of hunger, encourages corporations and other entities to actively engage in economic development, and promotes strengthening the infrastructure within rural communities. She is a recognized subject matter expert whose editorials receive attention in national publications. She is the recipient of eight honorary doctorate degrees and an active member of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority. Clayton is an Elder at Cotton Memorial Presbyterian Church in Henderson, North Carolina. She serves on several boards that address hunger, agriculture and state policy issues, including the United States Alliance to End Hunger, the Global Food Banking Network, and the Center for Environmental Farming Systems. Clayton is married to Theaoseus T. Clayton Sr., Esq. and they have four children and six grandchildren. See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=CLAYTON, Eva M.|url=http://history.house.gov/People/Detail/11065|website=History, Art, and Archives United States House of Representatives|publisher=US House of Representatives|accessdate=24 January 2017}} 2. ^{{cite book|author=Office of History and Preservation, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives|title=Black Americans in Congress, 1870-2007|date=2008|publisher=U.S. G.P.O|location=Washington D.C.|isbn=9780160801945|page=596}} 3. ^History, Art and Archives, United States House of Representatives. Clayton, Eva M., last accessed on 23 January 2017. 4. ^senate.leg.state.mn.us "North Carolina Redistricting Cases: the 1990s", National Conference of State Legislatures 5. ^{{cite book|author=Office of History and Preservation, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives|title=Black Americans in Congress, 1870-2007|date=2008|publisher=U.S. G.P.O|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=9780160801945|pages=596–598}} 6. ^United Nations, [https://www.un.org/press/en/2003/db031803.doc.htm Daily Press Briefing by the Office of the Spokesman for the Secretary-General] (Mar. 18, 2003), last accessed Feb. 18, 2015 External links
from North Carolina's 1st congressional district|years=1992–2003}}{{s-aft|after=Frank Ballance}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Clayton, Eva M.}} 18 : 1934 births|African-American members of the United States House of Representatives|African-American people in North Carolina politics|African-American women in politics|County commissioners in North Carolina|Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives|Female members of the United States House of Representatives|Johnson C. Smith University alumni|Living people|Members of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina|North Carolina Central University alumni|North Carolina Democrats|Politicians from Savannah, Georgia|Women in North Carolina politics|20th-century American politicians|21st-century American politicians|20th-century American women politicians|21st-century American women politicians |
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