| 词条 | Evangelical Catholic Church (Lutheran) |
| 释义 |
| name = Evangelical Catholic Church | image = Evangelical Catholic Church (Lutheran) logo.gif | imagewidth = | caption = | main_classification = Lutheran | orientation = Evangelical Catholic | polity = Episcopal | founder = Karl Barwin | founded_date = 1976 | founded_place = Arizona | separated_from = | parent = | merger = | separations = | associations = | area = | footnotes = }}{{Lutheranism in the United States|expanded=high_church}} The Evangelical Catholic Church (ECC) was founded in 1976 by former pastors and members of the Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod who were influenced by or interested in Eastern Orthodoxy.[1] Originally a small High Church, Evangelical Catholic denomination, it later became an Independent Catholic Church, though it remained theologically Lutheran. The ECC became inactive in 2009, was refounded in 2014, and disbanded in 2016. HistoryOn May 27, 1965, several members of the Congregation of the Servants of Christ, a Lutheran religious order based in Oxford, Michigan, together with some students at Concordia Senior College, founded a religious society which they called the Order of the Servants of the Holy Cross. Due to their displeasure with the Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod's conservative turn in the 1960s–1970s, the Order of the Servants of the Holy Cross withdrew from the LCMS and in 1976, helped to organize the Evangelical Catholic Church.[2][3] The order was officially accepted as monastic community under the jurisdiction of the ECC on November 30, 1977.[2] The order disbanded in the 1980s.[3] The first bishop of the ECC was Karl Julius Barwin, who was elected at the church body's organizational meeting in Peoria, Arizona, in 1976. In 1982, Barwin was reordained a priest and in 1984, was consecrated as a bishop by three independent bishops who claimed valid Apostolic succession. Five years later, he was reconsecrated by eight other bishops who also claimed valid Apostolic succession.[4] After Barwin's death on March 30, 2009,[4] the ECC went defunct, but it was revived in 2014, when it received a new bishop. At that time, the ECC reported parishes in five states.[1] The ECC disbanded in 2016, and its last parish joined the North American Lutheran Church.[5][6] BeliefsThe ECC accepted the Apostles', Nicene (minus the filioque), and Athanasian Creeds, as well as all the writings contained within the Book of Concord of 1580. Unlike most American Lutheran churches, the ECC taught the necessity of Apostolic succession and episcopal polity, and rejected the forms of congregational polity practiced by the Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.[7] Unique among American Lutheran church bodies, the ECC supported the practice of infant communion.[8][9] Other notable teachings included rejection of the ordination of women,[10] identification of Muhammad as "Satan's Disciple,"[11] and forceful condemnation of illegal immigration.[12] In 2003, it declared fellowship with the Orthodox Anglican Church.[13] {{clear}}References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.pastorzip.org/uslutheranlinx.html|title=Pastor Zip's US Lutheran Web Links|website=www.pastorzip.org|access-date=April 11, 2018}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.apostle1.com/barwin-ev-cath-church/OSHC.html|title=Order of The Servants of The Holy Cross|website=American Orthodox Church|access-date=April 12, 2018}} 3. ^1 Melton, J. Gordon. Melton's Encyclopedia of American Religions. 8th ed. (Detroit: Gale, Cengage Learning, 2009), 116. 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.apostle1.com/karl_barwin_in_memory_of_1.htm|title=In Memory of Metropolitan Archbishop +Karl Barwin|website=American Orthodox Church|access-date=April 11, 2018}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://evangelicalcatholicchurch.net/transfiguration/|title=Transfiguration Church|website=Evangelical Catholic Church|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012222545/http://evangelicalcatholicchurch.net/transfiguration/|archive-date=October 12, 2016|access-date=April 12, 2018}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.transfigurationchurch.net/|title=Welcome!|website=Transfiguration Church, Staten Island, NY|access-date=April 12, 2018}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.apostle1.com/barwin-ev-cath-church/the-church-what_we_believe.htm|title=The Church: What We Believe|website=American Orthodox Church|access-date=April 16, 2018}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.apostle1.com/barwin-ev-cath-church/Communion_of_Baptized_Infants.htm|title=Communion of Baptized Infants|website=American Orthodox Church|access-date=April 16, 2018}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://clclutheran.org/atlanta/bibleclass/Lutheranchurches.pdf|title=A Brief Study of the Lutheran Churches in America|last=Lau|first=David|last2=Mayhew|first2=Nathanael|format=pdf|website=Church of the Lutheran Confession|access-date=April 11, 2018}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.apostle1.com/barwin-ev-cath-church/on_feminism_and_the_church.htm|title=Feminism & The Church|website=American Orthodox Church|access-date=April 16, 2018}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.apostle1.com/barwin-ev-cath-church/Islam_--_Satan's_Response_to_Christ.htm|title=ISLAM -- Satan's Response to Allah's Incarnation|website=American Orthodox Church|access-date=April 16, 2018}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.apostle1.com/barwin-ev-cath-church/Illegal_Immigrants.htm|title=Illegal Immigrants|website=American Orthodox Church|access-date=April 16, 2018}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.apostle1.com/barwin-ev-cath-church/orthodox-anglican-communion1.html|title=Concordat of Intercommunion|website=American Orthodox Church|access-date=April 12, 2018}} External links
3 : Lutheran denominations in North America|Religious organizations established in 1976|1976 establishments in Arizona |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。