词条 | Stuart Chase |
释义 |
Chase spent his early political career supporting "a wide range of reform causes: the single tax, women's suffrage, birth control and socialism."[3] Chase's early books, The Tragedy of Waste (1925) and Your Money's Worth (1928), were notable for their criticism of corporate advertising and their advocacy of consumer protection.[5] Early lifeChase was born in Somersworth, New Hampshire, to public accountant Harvey Stuart Chase and Aaronette Rowe. His family had been living in New England since the 17th century. He attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1907 to 1908 and graduated from Harvard University in 1910 as a public accountant. After graduating, Chase became part of his father's accounting firm in Boston. Chase married Margaret Hatfield in 1914 and had two children, Sonia and Robert.[6] He and Margaret were divorced in 1929, and one year later, he married Marian Tyler, a violinist and staff member at The Nation who collaborated with him on several of his books; she survived him by three and a half years.[7][8] CareerIn 1917, Chase left accounting and took a position with the Food Administration of the Federal Trade Commission in Washington, D.C.. In the commission, Chase conducted investigations on waste and corruption, one of them being the meatpacking industry with Upton Sinclair. In 1921, Chase joined, along with economic philosopher Veblen,[9] the Technical Alliance, which later became Technocracy Incorporated, part of the Technocracy movement.[10][11] Chase also worked with the Labor Bureau, an organization that provided services for labor unions and cooperatives.[9] In 1927, Chase wrote Your Money's Worth, discussing advertisements that promise but fail to deliver products as advertised to customers who order them.[9] In 1927, Chase traveled to the Soviet Union with members of the First American Trade Union Delegation and was the co-author of a book that praised Soviet experiments in agricultural and social management.[12] In 1932, Chase wrote A New Deal, which became identified with the economic programs of American President Franklin Roosevelt, a phrase that he and Fabian socialist Florence Kelley gave to Roosevelt, which he used in his first presidential campaign agenda.[9] He also wrote a cover story in The New Republic, "A New Deal for America," during the week that Roosevelt gave his 1932 presidential acceptance speech promising "a new deal. However, whether Roosevelt speechwriter Samuel Rosenman saw the magazine is not clear. Chase's 1938 book The Tyranny of Words was an early (perhaps the earliest, predating S. I. Hayakawa) and the influential popularization of Alfred Korzybski's theory of general semantics. Chase supported United States non-interventionism and was against U.S. entry in World War II, advocating this position in his 1939 book The New Western Front.[1] After the war, Chase became involved in social science. In 1948, he published The Proper Study of Mankind in which he introduced the social sciences to several college campuses.[9] In a 1952 article, "Nineteen Propositions About Communism," Chase criticized the government of the Soviet Union, stating that its citizens, trade unions and farmers "had no power" despite the claims of Communist supporters.[13] Chase also dismissed the Communist Party USA as "our minuscule menace" whose members consisted of "a high proportion of frustrated neurotics and plain crackpots as well as some high minded-idealists-a tragic group, this last."[13] Chase also quoted Herbert Philbrick to the effect that "the McCarthyites and demagogues... make the work of the FBI more difficult by confusing the innocent with the guilty."[13] In the 1960s, Chase lent his support to the Lyndon Johnson administration's Great Society policies.[1] Chase died in Redding, Connecticut. QuotesChase is famous for the quote at the end of his book A New Deal, "Why should the Soviets have all the fun remaking a world?" That was a reference to the "socialist experiment" in the Soviet Union.[14] He is quoted in Hayakawa's Language in Thought and Action as having said, "Common sense is that which tells us the world is flat." Free Enterprise into "X"On pages 95 and 96 of The Road We Are Traveling, under the heading of "Free Enterprise into 'X'",[15] Chase listed 18 characteristics of political economy that he had observed among[16] Russia, Germany, Italy, Japan, and Spain between 1913[17] and 1942. Chase labeled this phenomenon "... something called 'X'".[15] Characteristics include the following:
Selected bibliography
Responses to Chase
George Orwell mentioned Chase in his 1946 essay "Politics and the English Language". While discussing using language to express thought, Orwell mentions the claim held by Chase and others that abstract words are meaningless and their use of this claim as a pretext for advocating a kind of political quietism. He added “One need not swallow such absurdities as this, but one ought to recognise that the present political chaos is connected with the decay of language, and that one can probably bring about some improvement by starting at the verbal end. If you simplify your English, you are freed from the worst follies of orthodoxy. You cannot speak any of the necessary dialects, and when you make a stupid remark its stupidity will be obvious, even to yourself.” [19]In 1969 President Richard Nixon cited Chase's work in a message to congress about consumer protection.[20] References1. ^1 2 {{cite journal | title = Stuart Chase, 97, Coined phrase "A New Deal"| journal = The New York Times| date = November 17, 1985 | first = Ronald| last = Sullivan |authorlink = Ronald Sullilvan| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/17/nyregion/stuart-chase-97-coined-phrase-a-new-dea.html| quote = Stuart Chase, an economist and member of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's brain trust who coined the phrase a New Deal, died yesterday at his home in Redding, Conn. He was 97 years old.... During the 1960's, Mr. Chase was a strong advocate of the Great Society programs of President Lyndon B. Johnson.... Mr. Chase opposed warfare and aligned himself with isolationists who opposed United States entry into World War II. | accessdate = 2014-04-13 }} 2. ^Norman Silber. "Chase, Stuart"; http://www.anb.org/articles/14/14-00950.html; American National Biography Online Feb. 2000. Access Date: Wed Nov 06 2013 16:06:31 GMT-0500 (EST) Copyright 2000 American Council of Learned Societies. Published by Oxford University Press. 3. ^1 Westbrook, Robert B. "Tribune of the Technostructure:the Popular Economics of Stuart Chase." American Quarterly, Vol. 32, Autumn 1980, pp. 387–408. 4. ^Engerman, David Modernization from the Other Shore: American intellectuals and the Romance of Russian Development. Harvard University Press, 2009 {{ISBN|0674011511}}. 5. ^Chapman, Richard N., "A Critique of Advertising: Stuart Chase on the "Godfather of Waste"" in Sammy Richard Danna (ed.), Advertising and Popular Culture: Studies In Variety and Versatility. Popular Press, 1992 {{ISBN|0-87972-528-1}} (p. 23-29). 6. ^{{Cite news|url=https://vineyardgazette.com/obituaries/2017/04/12/sonia-hodson-sculptor-created-spiritual-gardens|title=Sonia Hodson, Sculptor, Created Spiritual Gardens|last=|first=|date=12 April 2017|work=Vineyard Gazette|access-date=19 December 2018}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.apnews.com/a7fb0389360c67b476c20cd94a7dab7e|title=Economist Stuart Chase, of FDR Brian [sic] Trust, Dead at 97|last=|first=|date=18 November 1985|website=AP News|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=19 December 2018}} 8. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/13/obituaries/marian-tyler-chase-author-92.html|title=Marian Tyler Chase, Author, 92|last=|first=|date=13 May 1989|work=The New York Times|access-date=19 December 2018}} 9. ^1 2 3 4 Silber 10. ^https://books.google.com/books?id=JAwAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=Technical+alliance+stuart+chase&source=bl&ots=MPTyW-zy0w&sig=0QclptKL7mkHLA5mb5sp52zVrJg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=eVM8UfDIG4-ZiAfXj4DgCg&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Technical%20alliance%20stuart%20chase&f=false Retrieved March-10-13 11. ^https://books.google.com/books?id=I1hayhB0DEYC&pg=PA136&lpg=PA136&dq=Technical+alliance+stuart+chase&source=bl&ots=o1NUGm8Esa&sig=SXJx2vKVuTTggfLqQ4vSB71GB00&hl=en&sa=X&ei=eVM8UfDIG4-ZiAfXj4DgCg&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Technical%20alliance%20stuart%20chase&f=false Retrieved March-10-13 12. ^Chase, Stuart, Robert Dunn, and Rexford Guy Tugwell, Soviet Russia in the Second Decade: a Joint Survey by the Technical Staff of the First American Trade Union Delegation. The John Day Company, 1928. 13. ^1 2 Stuart Chase, "Nineteen Propositions About Communism: An Editorial". The Saturday Review of Literature, April 5, 1952, (pp. 20–21). 14. ^{{cite journal | title = Remembering 'the forgotten man' | journal = Reason | date = January 2008 | first = Nick | last = Gillespie |authorlink = Nick Gillespie | volume = 39 | issue = 8 | url = http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1568/is_8_39/ai_n24962205/pg_4/ | accessdate = 2010-06-07 | quote = The last sentence of Chase's book is, 'Why should Russians have all the fun remaking a world?' }} 15. ^1 Chase, Stuart – The Road We Are Traveling, Page 95, 1942 16. ^Chase, Stuart – The Road We Are Traveling, Pages 57, 58 – 1942 17. ^Chase, Stuart – The Road We Are Traveling, Page 94, 1942 18. ^{{cite web |url= http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001316620 |title=Catalog Record: Soviet Russia in the second decade |first1=Stuart |last1=Chase |first2=Rexford |last2=Tugwell |first3=Robert |last3=Dunn |work=HathiTrust |year=1928 |accessdate=15 November 2012}} 19. ^{{cite book |title=The Penguin Essays of George Orwell |last=Orwell |first=George |year=2014 |origyear=1984 |publisher=Penguin |location=London |isbn=978-0-141-39546-3 |page=359 |quote=Stuart Chase and others have come near to claiming that all abstract words are meaningless, and have used this as a pretext for advocating a kind of political quietism.}} 20. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=2299 |title=Richard Nixon: Special Message to the Congress on Consumer Protection. |first=Richard |last=Nixon |work=presidency.ucsb.edu |date=October 30, 1969 |accessdate=10 July 2013}} Sources
External links
8 : 1888 births|1985 deaths|General semantics|Economists from New Hampshire|Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni|Harvard University alumni|People from Somersworth, New Hampshire|20th-century American economists |
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