| 词条 | Fairchild T-46 | |||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Fairchild T-46 (nicknamed the "Eaglet") was an American light jet trainer aircraft of the 1980s. It was cancelled in 1986 with only three aircraft being produced. Design and developmentThe United States Air Force (USAF) launched its Next Generation Trainer (NGT) program to replace the Cessna T-37 Tweet primary trainer in 1981.[1] Fairchild-Republic submitted a shoulder-winged monoplane with a twin tail, powered by two Garrett F109 turbofans and with pilot and instructor sitting side by side.[2] Part of the rationale was an expectation of increasing levels of general aviation traffic. A pressurized trainer would permit training at higher altitude, leading to fewer restrictions on the new pilots. In order to validate the proposed aircraft's design, and to explore its flight handling characteristics, Fairchild Republic contracted with Ames Industries of Bohemia, New York to build a flyable 62% scale version. Burt Rutan's Rutan Aircraft Factory (RAF) in Mojave, California was contracted to perform the flight test evaluations, with test pilot Dick Rutan doing the flying. The scale version was known at RAF as the Model 73 NGT, this flying on 10 September 1981.[3] One requirement was for the aircraft to be able to go into a spin, but to also have easy recovery from the spin. This was demonstrated using the Model 73 NTG. Fairchild's design, to be designated T-46, was announced winner of the NGT competition on 2 July 1982,[2] with the USAF placing an order for two prototypes and options for 54 production aircraft.[4] It was planned to build 650 T-46s for the USAF by 1991.[5] The aircraft first flew on 15 October 1985,[6] six months later than originally programmed date of 15 April. Costs had increased significantly during the development process, with the predicted unit cost rising from $1.5 million in 1982 to $3 million in February 1985.[5] The 1985 Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget Act mandated spending cuts for the US Government in an attempt to limit the national debt,[5] and while testing did not reveal any major problems,[7] Secretary of the Air Force Russell A. Rourke cancelled procurement of the T-46, while allowing limited development to continue.[5] While attempts were made in Congress to reinstate the program, which resulted in the FY 1987 budget being delayed, an amendment was passed to the 1987 Appropriations Bill to forbid any spending on the T-46 until further evaluation of the T-46 against the T-37 and other trainers took place.[8] The project was cancelled a little more than a year later, for reasons that largely remain controversial.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}} The T-46 was the last project of the Fairchild Republic Corporation, and after the program termination Fairchild had no more income. Without any new contracts and the NGT program cancelled, the company closed the Republic factory in Farmingdale, New York, bringing 60 years of Fairchild aircraft manufacturing to an end. The aircraft itself featured a side-by-side configuration, a twin (or "H") tail (similar to the company's A-10), ejection seats, pressurization, and two turbofan engines. Had it gone into full production the NGT program called for 650 aircraft being built up to 1992. There was potential for some overseas sales as well, such as in the light ground attack role in addition to its role as a trainer.[9] Operators
Aircraft on displayAll three prototypes have been preserved:
Specifications (T-46) (performance estimated){{Aircraft specifications|plane or copter?= plane |jet or prop?= jet |ref=Tweety-Bird Replacement[11] |crew= two; trainer, student |capacity= |length main= 29 ft 6 in |length alt= 8.99 m |span main= 38 ft 7¾ in |span alt= 11.78 m |height main= 9 ft 11¾ in |height alt= 3.04 m |area main= 160.9 ft² |area alt= 14.95 m² |airfoil= |empty weight main= 5,275 lb |empty weight alt= 2,393 kg |loaded weight main= |loaded weight alt= |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main= 6,962 lb |max takeoff weight alt= 3,158 kg |aspect ratio=9.28 |more general= Internal fuel capacity: 200 US Gal (757 L) |engine (jet)= Garrett F109-GA-100 |type of jet= turbofan engines |number of jets=2 |thrust main= 1,330 lbf |thrust alt= 5.93 kN |thrust original= |max speed main= 397 knots |max speed alt= 457 mph, 735 km/h |max speed more=at 25,000 ft (7,600 m) |cruise speed main= 333 knots |cruise speed alt= 383 mph, 616 km/h |cruise speed more=at 45,000 ft (13,700 m) |never exceed speed main= |never exceed speed alt= |stall speed main= |stall speed alt= |range main= 1,190 nm |range alt= 1,369 mi, 2,205 km |ceiling main= 46,500 ft |ceiling alt= 14,175 m |climb rate main= 4,470 ft/min |climb rate alt= 22.7 m/s |loading main= |loading alt= |thrust/weight= |more performance=
|armament= |avionics= }} See also{{Aircontent|related= |similar aircraft=
|lists= |see also=
}} References1. ^Braybrook 1985, p. 274. 2. ^1 Braybrook 1985, p. 275. 3. ^Braybrook 1985, pp. 275–276. 4. ^Flight International 17 July 1982, p. 122. 5. ^1 2 3 Mormillo 1986, p. 650. 6. ^Flight International 26 October 1985, p. 8. 7. ^Mormillo 1986, pp. 651–652. 8. ^Flight International 8 November 1986, p. 9. 9. ^Warwick 1985, p. 29. 10. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20121016215846/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet_print.asp?fsID=10910&page=2 Fact Sheet: FAIRCHILD REPUBLIC T-46A"]. National Museum of the USAF. Retrieved 14 July 2017. 11. ^Braybrook 1985, p. 276.
External links{{commons category|Fairchild T-46}}
5 : Fairchild aircraft|United States military trainer aircraft 1980–1989|Twinjets|Shoulder-wing aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1985 |
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