| 词条 | Faridabad | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|{{More citations needed|date=October 2015}}{{original research|date=March 2016}} }}{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}{{Use dmy dates|date = July 2013}}{{Infobox settlement | name = Faridabad | settlement_type = Metropolis | native_name = | pushpin_map = India Haryana#India | pushpin_label = Faridabad | pushpin_map_alt = Faridabad | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = Crown plaza Faridabad.jpg | photo2a = Most Beautiful Lake in Faridabad.jpg | spacing = 2 | position = center | color_border = white | color =black | size = 266 | foot_montage = Top: Crown plaza of Faridabad Bottom: Lake near Surajkund in Faridabad }} | coordinates = {{coord|28.4211|N|77.3078|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{IND}} | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Haryana | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Faridabad | established_title = Established | established_date = 1607 | founder = | named_for = Shaikh Farid | government_type = Municipality | governing_body = Municipal Corporation of Faridabad | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Suman Bala | leader_title1 = Senior Deputy Mayor | leader_name1 = Devender Chaudhary | leader_title2 = Deputy Mayor | leader_name2 = Manmohan Garg | unit_pref = Metric | area_total_km2 = 742.9 | elevation_m = 198 | population_total = 1404653[1] | population_as_of = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 2421 | population_demonym = Faridabadi/Fbd-ians | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = Hindi, Haryanvi, Punjabi | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = PIN | area_code_type = Telephone code | area_code = 0129 | registration_plate = HR-51 (North) HR-29 (South) HR-87 (West) HR-38 (Commercial) DL-16 (Delhi NCR) | website = {{url|http://faridabad.nic.in}} {{url|http://mcfaridabad.org}} }}{{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-width=250|frame-height=280|zoom=6|frame-lat=29.185|frame-long=76.225 |type=shape-inverse|id=Q1174|title=Haryana |type2=point|id2=Q200663|stroke-width=1|title2=Faridabad }}Faridabad is the most populous and largest city in the north Indian state of Haryana. It's a leading industrial centre and situated in the National Capital Region bordering the Indian capital New Delhi[2]. It is one of the major satellite cities of Delhi and is located 284 kilometres south of the state capital Chandigarh. The river Yamuna forms the eastern district boundary with Uttar Pradesh. Government of India included it in the second list of Smart Cities Mission on 24 May 2016.[1] Faridabad has been described as eighth fastest growing city in the world and third most in India by City Mayors Foundation survey.[2] As per the 2001 Delhi regional plan, Faridabad is part of the Delhi Metropolitan Area (DMA).[3] The newly developed residential and industrial part of Faridabad (Sec. 66 to 89) between the Agra Canal and the Yamuna River is commonly referred as Greater Faridabad. The area is being developed as a self-sustained sub-city with wide roads, tall buildings, malls, educational institutions, and health and commercial centres. Sectors 66 to 74 are Industrial Sectors whereas Sectors 75 to 89 are Residential Sectors.[4] Faridabad is also a major industrial hub of Haryana.[2] 50% of the income tax collected in Haryana is from Faridabad and Gurgaon.[5] Faridabad is famous for henna production from the agricultural sector, while tractors, motorcycles, switch gears, refrigerators, shoes, tyres and garments constitute its primary industrial products. In 2018, Faridabad was considered by the World Health Organization as the world's second most polluted city.[6] HistoryFaridabad was founded in 1607 by Shaikh Farīd, the treasurer for the Mughal emperor Jahangir, to protect the Grand Trunk Road between Delhi and Agra. It was constituted a municipality in 1867. A project for Pakistani refugee resettlement and light industrial development was initiated in the city in 1950.[7] GeographyClimate{{climate chart|Faridabad |8|21|15 |10|23|19 |15|30|21 |21|36|27 |26|39|29 |28|39|61 |27|35|214 |26|34|228 |25|34|100 |19|33|21 |13|28|5 |8|22|14 |units = metric|float = right|source = Weather 2[8]}} Faridabad has a borderline hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh) just short of a dry-winter humid subtropical climate (Cwa). The city features the three typical Indian seasons - The “hot” or pre-monsoon season lasts from late March to late June and is typified by sweltering and arid conditions that begin very dry but latterly turn humid. The “wet” or monsoon season is sweltering and often dangerously humid with frequent but erratic heavy rainfall. Following the retreat of the monsoon is the “cool” or winter season with warm and sunny weather producing by far the most comfortable conditions.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} {{Weather box|width=auto|location = Faridabad |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan high C = 21 |Feb high C = 23 |Mar high C = 30 |Apr high C = 36 |May high C = 39 |Jun high C = 39 |Jul high C = 35 |Aug high C = 34 |Sep high C = 34 |Oct high C = 33 |Nov high C = 28 |Dec high C = 22 |Jan low C = 8 |Feb low C = 10 |Mar low C = 15 |Apr low C = 21 |May low C = 26 |Jun low C = 28 |Jul low C = 27 |Aug low C = 26 |Sep low C = 25 |Oct low C = 19 |Nov low C = 13 |Dec low C = 8 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 15 |Feb rain mm = 19 |Mar rain mm = 21 |Apr rain mm = 27 |May rain mm = 27 |Jun rain mm = 61 |Jul rain mm = 214 |Aug rain mm = 228 |Sep rain mm = 100 |Oct rain mm = 21 |Nov rain mm = 5 |Dec rain mm = 14 |source = Weather 2[8]}} AdministrationThe list is as below:[9] [10]
EconomyThe Faridabad Small Industries Association claims that Faridabad and Gurgaon districts account for almost 56% of the income tax collected in Haryana.[11] Faridabad has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission.[12] TaxationFaridabad's share in total VAT collection in the state was 17% in 2012–13. For the same period, Faridabad's contribution to Central Sales Tax was 15% and to Entertainment Tax was 13%.[13][14] AgricultureFaridabad is the largest exporter of henna (Mehandi) in India. According to the Faridabad Henna Manufacturing Association, the sale of henna from Faridabad is worth an estimated {{INRConvert|250|c}}–{{INRConvert|300|c}} annually.[15] Central government officesMany directorates of different union government ministries are headquartered in Faridabad including Central Ground Water Board, Department of Plant Quarantine and Central Insecticide Lab,[16] and Union Government Offices from Haryana including the Commissioner of Central Excise within Department of Revenue, Government of India, Department of Explosives, and Department of Labour. Institute such as National Council for Cement and Building Materials, a research and development institute under the ministry of commerce, and industry has its head office in Faridabad.[17] The Apex Central Training Institute of the Department of Revenue, Government of India, National Academy of Customs Excise & Narcotics is located at Sector 29. The National Power Training Institute, an autonomous body under Ministry of Power, Government of India has a corporate office in Faridabad.[18] The city also hosts the National Institute of Financial Management, which serves as training academy for accounting and financial services.[19] Also headquartered here is NHPC Limited which is a Central PSU under Ministry of Power, Government of India and the largest Hydro-power Company in India. IndustriesFaridabad is the industrial capital of Haryana.[11] As of 2013, out of total 11,665 registered working factories in Haryana, 2,499 were in Faridabad which was followed by Gurgaon with 2,116 factories. According to a study, growth of Faridabad has been declining in last 2 decades, share of Faridabad in investment is less than 1% and 93% of investment is in paper industry. The industrial contribution of Faridabad to Haryana’s revenue was declined from 29% to 22% in 2012–13.[14] Faridabad is home to large-scale companies like Escorts Limited,[20] India Yamaha Motor Pvt. Ltd., Havells India Limited,[21] JCB India Limited, Indian Oil (R&D),[22] Larsen & Toubro (L&T),[23] Whirlpool India Ltd., ABB Group, Goodyear India Ltd., Bata India Ltd and Eicher Tractor Ltd. and Beebay Kidswear[24] Eyewear e-tailer Lenskart and healthcare startup Lybrate have their headquarters in Faridabad.[25][26] More than 5,000 units of auto parts producers are based in Faridabad.[27] Lakhani Armaan Group has set up manufacturing facilities at Faridabad (Haryana).{{citation needed|date=May 2016}} Transportation and ConnectivityRailFaridabad is on the broad gauge of the New Delhi – Mumbai Line. New Delhi and Hazrat Nizammudin Railway Station is about 25 km away from Old Faridabad railway station. The trains for big cities like Mumbai, Hyderabad, Chennai are easily accessible from here. Local trains runs between New Delhi to Faridabad.[28] Metro{{see also|Violet Line (Delhi Metro)}}Delhi Metro Violet Line connects Faridabad with Delhi. The extension of Violet Line to Faridabad was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 6 Sepetmeber 2015.[29] There are 9 metro stations in Faridabad corridor of Delhi Metro which are all elevated.[30] Metro has been recently elongated to Ballabhgarh with the addition of two stations- Sant Surdas Sihi and Raja Nahar Singh Ballabhgarh. Haryana government is also planning to link Faridabad and Gurgaon by Metro.[31] Currently the Faridabad corridor of Delhi Metro Violet Line is the longest metro corridor in the National Capital Region (NCR) consisting of 11 stations and the total length of corridor being 14 km.[32] The 11 metro stations are Sarai, NHPC Chowk, Mewala Maharajpur, Sector 28, Badkhal Mor, Old Faridabad, Neelam Chowk Ajronda, Bata Chowk, Escorts Mujesar, Sant Surdas (Sihi) and Raja Nahar Singh.[33] RoadFaridabad is well connected with Delhi through Delhi Faridabad Skyway (Badarpur Flyover).[34][35][36][37][38] AirwaysFaridabad is served by Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi which is around 35 km from Faridabad.[28] The airport is one of the busiest airports in India and provides domestic and international air connectivity.[39] DemographicsAs per 2011 census, Faridabad had a population of 1,404,653 out of which males were 750,446 and females were 654,207.[40] The literacy rate was 83.04 per cent.[41] Education{{see also|List of education facilities in Faridabad}}Schools{{Maplink| frame = yes | plain = yes | zoom = 8 | type = point | id = Q22032072 | title = Delhi Public School, Sector 19 | type2 = point | id2 = Q4779295 | title2 = Apeejay School, Sector 14 }} Faridabad has a large number of private schools. Schools like Delhi Public School, Eicher School Sector-46, Manav Rachna International School, St. John's school, Apeejay School and Modern Vidya Niketan, Sector 17 are among the top 10 schools in the city.[42] Schools in Faridabad are affiliated either with the All-India Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) or the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE) boards. The language of instruction is English or Hindi. Besides these there are many government run public schools which are administered by Haryana Board of School Education.[43] There are also three Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan schools in the city which are affiliated to Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE) and are run by central government.[44] Some of the institutes for primary and secondary education are: {{div col|colwidth=30em}}
Higher educationThere are numerous educational institutions in Faridabad that offer higher education courses. These colleges provide courses in different field like science, medicine, arts, commerce, engineering, MCA, etc. Some of the colleges that offer graduate and undergraduate courses include:{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} {{div col|colwidth=30em}}
HealthcareThere are many private and government hospitals in Faridabad.[45][46] The city also has one Government Medical College Hospital named Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College, Faridabad[47]{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
SportsCricketThe cricket stadium in the city is Nahar Singh Stadium has a seating capacity of approx. 25,000 and has hosted 8 international cricket matches and a league cricket match between Mumbai Heroes and Bhojpuri Dabbang of Celebrity Cricket League.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}} TourismBadkhal Lake{{Main|Badkhal Lake}}Badkhal Lake was located in Badkhal village, 8 km from Delhi Border. The lake fringed by Aravalli hills was a man-made embankment which has now dried up.[48] The lake complex, spread over 40 acres, had come up in 1969.[49] In June 2015, Haryana government decided to revive the Badkhal lake here to once again attract tourists.[50] Surajkund Tourist Complex and International Crafts Fair{{main|Surajkund}}Situated at a distance of around 8 km from South Delhi. It is a 10th-century water reservoir which believed to be built by Tomar king Surajpal.[51][52] Place is known for its annual fair "Surajkund International Crafts Mela".[53] 2015 edition of fair was visited by 1.2 million visitors including 160,000 foreigners with more than 20 countries participating in fair.[54] The Suraj Kund Lake[55] here is surrounded by rock cut steps. 2016 edition of Surajkund International Crafts Mela will be the 30th edition and People's Republic of China will be participating in the fair.[56] Participation of the China will be the part of agreement signed between India and China in 2014 to celebrate year 2016 as "Year of China in India".[57] Anangpur Dam{{main|Anagpur Dam}}The Anagpur Dam, located close to the Anagpur village (also called Arangpur) in Faridabad district of Haryana, India, is {{convert|2|km|mi}} away from the more famous Surajkund.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}} This unique Indian hydraulic engineering structure was built during the reign of King Anangpal of the Tomar dynasty in 8th century. It is approachable by road from Delhi from the Delhi – Mathura road. The ruins of the fortifications found in Anangpur village establishes by an inference that it was built by Anangpal as part of the Lal Kot that was developed as the first city of Delhi in the 8th century.[58][59][60] Death Valley SurajkundReligious Sites{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
UtilitiesFaridabad has been selected as one of the 100 Smart Cities in India.[62] A live talk show on making Faridabad ‘a smart city’ was organised at Municipal Corporation's Auditorium.{{when|date=October 2015}}[63][64] Haryana Power Generation Corporation Ltd (HPGCL) is setting up a solar power plant at the site of a defunct thermal power plant in Faridabad. The power generator plans to set up the plant over 151.78 acres near Bata Chowk in the district that generated coal based energy in the past.[65] EnvironmentA petition was filed with National Green Tribunal (NGT) for protection of Aravalli from Faridabad waste disposal.[66] Notable people{{unreferenced section|date=March 2018}}
See also
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Retrieved on 2012-01-10. 56. ^{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/festival/surajkund-international-crafts-mela/ |title=32nd Surajkund International Crafts Mela Begins|publisher=BookMyShow |date= |accessdate=2018-01-29}} 57. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/china-to-showcase-artifacts-in-haryana-s-surajkund-fair-115102701301_1.html |title=China to showcase artifacts in Haryana's Surajkund fair | Business Standard News |publisher=Business-standard.com |date= |accessdate=2015-10-31}} 58. ^{{Cite book|last=Sharma|first=Y.D|title=Delhi and its Neighbourhood|work=Surjakund and Anagpur Dam|pages=100–161|accessdate=2009-09-05|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India|location=New Delhi|year=2001|url=http://www.indiaclub.com/Shop/SearchResults.asp?ProdStock=8780|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030426012208/http://www.indiaclub.com/Shop/SearchResults.asp?ProdStock=8780|dead-url=yes|archive-date=26 April 2003|quote=Page 100:Suraj Kund lies about 3 km south-east of Tughlaqabad in district Gurgaon—The reservoir is believed to have been constructed in the tenth century by King Surjapal of Tomar dynasty, whose existence is based on Bardic tradition. Page 101: About 2 km south-west of Surajkund, close to the village of Anagpur (also called Arangpur) is a dam ascribed to Anagpal of the Tomar Dynasty, who is also credited with building the Lal Kot|df=dmy-all}} 59. ^{{Cite book|last=Peck|first=Lucy|title= Delhi – A thousand years of Building|work= Suraj Kund dam and Surajkund tank|page=29|publisher=Roli Books Pvt Ltd.|location=New Delhi|year=2005|isbn=81-7436-354-8|url=https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no43813.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060312215021/https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no43813.htm|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2006-03-12|accessdate=2009-09-05|quote=One of the two significant structures in the area, the dam lies about 1 km to the north of the Anangpur village. A path from the main village street will lead you in to flat pastureland. Head for the small rocky hill ahead of you and climb over it. On the other side is another flat area, rather thickly covered in thorn trees. It is worth finding a way through them to the dam that straddles the gap between the two nearby hills. The dam is an impressive edifice 50 m wide and 7 m high built from accurately hewn quartzite blocks.---There is a passage for the egress of water at the level of the ground on the dammed side. The flat land across which you have walked is clearly caused by centuries of silt deposits in the lake that once existed behind this dam. The land around has been vwey heavily quarried recently, so further archaeological finds are unlikely.}} 60. ^{{Citation |url=http://www.indiainfoweb.com/haryana/lakes/anagpur-dam.html |title=Anangpur Dam |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125185110/http://www.indiainfoweb.com/haryana/lakes/anagpur-dam.html |archivedate=25 November 2009 |df=dmy }} 61. ^{{cite web|url=http://jaintemple.in/temples/india/faridabad|title=Digamber Jain Temples in Faridabad – Faridabad Digamber Jain Temples -Digamber Jain Mandir in Faridabad|publisher=}} 62. ^{{citation |title=Faridabad is a proud participant in the Indian Smart Cities Challenge |url=http://smartcitieschallenge.in/city/faridabad }} 63. ^{{citation |title=Live talk show on Smart City project held in Faridabad |url=http://www.iamin.in/en/faridabad/news/live-talk-show-smart-city-project-held-faridabad-71855 }} 64. ^{{citation |title=फरीदाबाद डिवेलपमेंट अथॉरिटी जल्द! |url=http://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/punjab-and-haryana/faridabad/faridabad-development-authority-soon/articleshow/49244993.cms |work=Navbharat Times |date=7 October 2015 }} 65. ^{{citation |title=Haryana aims to install solar plants to replace old thermal plants |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-03-15/news/71543274_1_power-plant-solar-plant-hpgcl |work=The Economic Times |date=15 March 2016 }} 66. ^{{citation|title=Activists move NGT to save Aravalli in Faridabad, Gurgaon|url=http://wap.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/activists-move-ngt-to-save-aravalli-in-faridabad-gurgaon-115092300045_1.html}} 67. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.krishanpalgurjar.com/biography.php|title=Archived copy|access-date=15 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118005513/http://www.krishanpalgurjar.com/biography.php|archive-date=18 November 2015|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 68. ^{{cite news|url="Faridabad ex-MP to contest UP assembly polls – Times of India"}} Sources
External links
8 : Smart cities in India|Faridabad|Faridabad district|Cities and towns in Faridabad district|Landforms of Haryana|Archaeological sites in Haryana|Tourist attractions in Haryana|Rebuilt buildings and structures in India |
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