| 词条 | Admiral (Germany) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Admiral | native_name = | country = {{flagu|Germany}} | image = {{nobreak| }} | image_size = 100px | caption = Shoulder board and mounting loop | image2 = MDJA 64 Admiral Trp Lu.svg | image_size2 = 50px | caption2 = Cuff title | service branch = {{navy|Germany}} | abbreviation = Adm | rank = General officer group | NATO rank = OF-9 | Non-NATO rank = B10 | formation = | abolished = | higher rank = None | lower rank = Vizeadmiral | equivalents = General }} Admiral, short Adm, (en: Admiral) is the most senior flag officer rank in the German Navy. It is equivalent to General (Germany) in the German Army or German Air Force. In the Central Medical Services there is no equivalent. In the German Navy Admiral is, as in many navies, a four-star rank with a NATO code of OF-9. There is currently one admiral in the German Navy, Admiral Manfred Nielson, serving as Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Transformationin Norfolk, Virginia. However, in other German speaking naval forces, e.g. Imperial German Navy, Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, Volksmarine, and the Austro-Hungarian K.u.K. Kriegsmarine, Admiral was an OF-8 three-star flag officer rank. AddressThe official manner of formal addressing of military people with the rank Admiral (OF-9) is "Herr/Frau Admiral". However, as to German naval traditions the addressing in seamen´s language of military people with any flag officer rank (OF-6 to OF-9) is "Herr/Frau Admiral". In the Imperial German Navy, an Admiral would be addressed as "Eure Exzellenz" (Your Excellency)[1] Rank insignia and ratingIts rank insignia, worn on the sleeves and shoulders, are one five-pointed star above a big gold stripe and three normal stripes (without the star when rank loops are worn). The rank is rated OF-9[2] in NATO, and equivalent to General in Heer, and Luftwaffe. It is grade B10 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence.
The sequence of ranks (top-down approach) in that particular group is as follows:
History of Admiral ranks in GermanyGerman navies until 1945Admiral as a rank first appeared in Germany in the 19th century and was expanded in the early 20th century as part of a build-up and mobilization in preparation for the First World War. The rank again saw a resurgence during the Second World War. There were many famous German Admirals during these formative years of German naval power, among them Otto von Diederichs, Gustav von Senden-Bibran, Georg Alexander von Müller, August von Heeringen, Alfred von Tirpitz and (later) Karl Dönitz. The ranks of the German admiralty were based on those from other European Powers, with some modifications in the titles and pronunciation. The German navy also never considered Commodore a rank of the admiralty, as this rank has always been considered more of a senior Captain. However, in the Nazi Wehrmacht Admiral was a three-star flag officer rank, comparable to modern armed forces OF-8 grade, and equivalent to General of the branch in Heer and Luftwaffe.
In 1944, the ranks of the German Kriegsmarine were in order of seniority as follows, US equivalent in brackets:[4]
The Kaiserliche Marine did not use an admiral rank junior to Konteradmiral. Its successor, the Kriegsmarine, used the rank of Kommodore. However a Kommodore was not a part of the Admiralty but more a senior captain in command of a squadron. K.u.K. KriegsmarineIn the Austro-Hungarian K.u.K. Kriegsmarine (from 1849 to 1918) there were the flag-officer ranks Konteradmiral (in the 20th century also Konteradmiral), Viceadmiral , and Admiral, as well as Großadmiral.
National People´s ArmyAdmiral was the second highest flag officer grade of the Volksamrine, equivalent to the three-star rank Generaloberst. In the GDR Volksmarine there have been the three flag officer ranks Konteradmiral, Vizeadmiral, and Admiral. By decision of the GDR State Council from March 25, 1982, the rank Flottenadmiral was introduced.
References1. ^Brockhaus (1911) s.v. Titulaturen 2. ^STANAG 2116 3. ^The abbreviation "OF" stands for de: "Offizier / en: officer / fr: officier / ru: офицер" 4. ^http://www.themarshalsbaton.com/Navy%20Admiral%20Insignia.htm See also
5 : Naval ranks|Naval ranks of Germany|Admirals|3 star officers of Nazi Germany|4 star officers of the Bundeswehr |
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