| 词条 | Fernie, British Columbia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Fernie | official_name = The Corporation of the City of Fernie | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = City | motto = "In montibus ad flumen"{{spaces|2}}{{small|(Latin) "In the mountains by the river"}} | image_skyline = Fernie_BC_-_downtown_looking_south.jpg | image_caption = Downtown Fernie, looking south | image_flag = Fernie-flag.png | flag_size = 90px | image_shield = | pushpin_map = Canada British Columbia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Fernie in British Columbia | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Canada}} | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|British Columbia}} | subdivision_type2 = Region | subdivision_name2 = Elk Valley/East Kootenay | subdivision_type3 = Regional District | subdivision_name3 = Regional District of East Kootenay (RDEK) | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | government_type = | leader_title = City Mayor | leader_name = Mary Giuliano | leader_title1 = Governing body | leader_name1 = Fernie City Council | leader_title2 = MP | leader_name2 = Wayne Stetski | leader_title3 = MLA | leader_name3 = Tom Shypitka | established_title = Established | established_date = 1904 | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 13.50 | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_km2 = | population_as_of = 2016 | population_note = | population_total = 5,249 Ranked 692nd | population_density_km2 = | population_density_sq_mi = | population_metro = 7,192 | timezone = Mountain Standard (MST) | utc_offset = -7 | timezone_DST = Mountain Daylight (MDT) | utc_offset_DST = -6 | coordinates = {{coord|49|30|15|N|115|03|46|W|region:CA-BC|display=inline,title}} | elevation_m = 1010 | elevation_ft = 3314 | postal_code_type = Postal code span | postal_code = V0B 1M(0–6) | area_code = 250 / 778 / 236 | blank_name = Highways | blank_info = {{jct|state=BC|Hwy|3}} | website = City of Fernie Fernie Travel & Tourism | footnotes = }} Fernie is a city in the Elk Valley area of the East Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia, Canada, located on BC Highway 3 on the eastern approaches to the Crowsnest Pass through the Rocky Mountains. Founded in 1898 and incorporated as the City of Fernie in July 1904, the municipality has a population of over 5,000[1] with an additional 2,000[2] outside city limits in communities under the jurisdiction of the Regional District of East Kootenay. A substantial seasonal population swells the city during the winter months. Fernie lies on the Elk River, along Canada's southernmost east-west transportation corridor through the Rockies that crosses the range via the Crowsnest Pass, {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=off}} to the east. As the largest and longest-established community between Cranbrook and Lethbridge, Fernie serves as a minor regional centre, particularly for its fellow Elk Valley communities. GeographyFernie is the only city-class municipality in Canada that is fully encircled by the Rocky Mountains. The townsite was laid out in the crook of a doglegged glacial valley that today is drained by the Elk River. Three tributaries of the Elk—Coal, Lizard, and Fairy Creeks—rise in its side valleys and join the Elk either within or in close proximity to the townsite. To the north of the city lie Mount Fernie, Mount Klauer, The Three Sisters and Mount Proctor. To the northeast is Mount Hosmer, to the east is Fernie Ridge, to the southeast is Morrissey Ridge (and its notable outcropping, Castle Mountain) and to the southwest are the various peaks of the Lizard Range. Fernie gives the name to the Jurassic-Age Fernie Formation. The Lizard Range is home to Fernie Alpine Resort, one of the largest ski resorts in Canada, and Island Lake Catskiing, a resort. Mining historyWhile the slopes of the mountains are the present focus of economic activity until comparatively recently residents of the area were more interested in the mountains' innards. The vast Crowsnest Coal Field lies just to the east of the city, and Fernie owes its origins to nineteenth-century prospector William Fernie, who established the coal industry that continues to exist to this day. Acting on pioneer Michael Phillips' twin discoveries of coal and the Crowsnest Pass a few years earlier, Fernie founded the Crows Nest Pass Coal Company in 1897 and established a temporary encampment near Coal Creek. The Canadian Pacific Railway arrived in the valley the following year, and a townsite emerged parallel to the railway line slightly north of the initial encampment, or "Old Town." An Internment camp was set up at rented premises in Fernie from June 1915 to October 1918.[3] Underground coal mines were dug {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=off}} away from the townsite in the narrow Coal Creek valley and until 1960 a small satellite community was known as Coal Creek stood adjacent to them. A variety of other mines were sunk into the coal fields in a fifty-kilometer radius in the following two decades. No mining was ever carried out in Fernie proper; coking of Coal Creek coal was carried out at the townsite, but otherwise, the town developed into an administrative and commercial centre for the burgeoning industry. Forestry played a smaller role in the local economy and a local brewery produced Fernie Beer from Brewery Creek (mountain spring water). Like most single-industry towns, Fernie endured several boom-and-bust cycles throughout the twentieth century, generally tied to the global price of coal. The mines at Coal Creek closed permanently by 1960 and the focus of mining activity shifted to Michel and Natal about {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=off|spell=in}} upriver, which sat on a more productive portion of the Crowsnest Coal Field. Kaiser Resources opened immense open-pit mines there in the 1970s to meet new thermal coal contracts for the Asian industrial market, predominantly for use in blast furnaces. Fernie would remain an important residential base for mine labour, along with the new communities of Sparwood and Elkford that sprang up much closer to these new mines. Today, Teck Resources operates all five open-pit mines, shipping out unit trains (often with more than 100 cars) along the Canadian Pacific Railway through Fernie to the Pacific Coast, where the coal is loaded onto freighters at Roberts Bank Superport in Delta. Architectural heritageAfter a disastrous fire leveled much of the downtown core in 1904, the fledgling municipal government passed an ordinance requiring all buildings in the area to be built of 'fireproof' materials like brick and stone. Consequently, a new city centre rose from the ashes sporting brick buildings along broad avenues that would have looked more at home in a sedate and refined Victorian city than a rough-and-tumble frontier coal town. They were short-lived, however, as a second, larger inferno swept through the city on August 1, 1908. Whipped up by sudden winds, a nearby forest fire burnt its way into a lumber yard on the edge of the community and sparked a Dresden-style firestorm that melted brick and mortar and essentially erased the entire city in an afternoon. There were few casualties however and for a second time, a stately brick downtown core rose from the ashes. Today, these historic buildings, most of which still stand, are a treasured and distinctive feature of the community. SportsSummer in Fernie is generally far quieter than the winter months, though mountain biking, fly fishing and golf are increasingly important tourist draws.
Fernie Memorial Arena disasterOn Tuesday, October 17, 2017 there was an ammonia leak at the Fernie Memorial Arena which killed three workers (two City of Fernie employees and one CIMCO refrigeration employee from Calgary) during the Ghostriders regular season. Because of this tragedy, the City of Fernie declared a state-of-emergency and people had to evacuate the area for days. The 'Riders were relocated because of this to the Elk Valley Leisure Centre in Sparwood, British Columbia during the 2017-18 KIJHL season until the City of Fernie decided what to do.[4][5] The City of Fernie decided to replace ammonia for a synthetic refrigerant prior to the 2018-19 KIJHL season and will move the team back to the Fernie Memorial Arena.[6] Notable peopleThe following people were born, raised in or reside in Fernie: {{col-begin|width=auto}}{{col-break}}
Local mediaNewspapers
Radio stations
Cable televisionShaw Communications operates a cable system serving Fernie. The cable system offers most major channels from Vancouver and Calgary, as well as local programming on Shaw TV channel 10. Schools and collegesSchool District 5 Southeast Kootenay operates the following public schools in Fernie:
The Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie-Britannique operates one Francophone school: école Sophie-Morigeau primary school.[7][8] Private schools:
Post-secondary:
Demographics
ClimateFernie has a cool and wet humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) with warm summer days, cool summer nights along with cold and snowy winters. Influenced by chinook winds and being to the west of the continent, Fernie's winters are mild for its latitude in North America, although the climate is a lot more continental than coastal British Columbia. {{Weather box|location = Fernie |metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan record high C = 15.0 |Feb record high C = 15.5 |Mar record high C = 21.0 |Apr record high C = 28.9 |May record high C = 33.0 |Jun record high C = 36.1 |Jul record high C = 36.0 |Aug record high C = 36.0 |Sep record high C = 33.0 |Oct record high C = 28.0 |Nov record high C = 18.3 |Dec record high C = 12.5 |year record high C = 36.1 |Jan high C = -0.7 |Feb high C = 1.6 |Mar high C = 6.5 |Apr high C = 11.9 |May high C = 16.9 |Jun high C = 20.6 |Jul high C = 25.1 |Aug high C = 25.1 |Sep high C = 19.3 |Oct high C = 11.6 |Nov high C = 2.9 |Dec high C = -1.9 |year high C = 11.6 |Jan mean C = -5.2 |Feb mean C = -3.8 |Mar mean C = 0.8 |Apr mean C = 5.4 |May mean C = 9.9 |Jun mean C = 13.6 |Jul mean C = 16.8 |Aug mean C = 16.3 |Sep mean C = 11.3 |Oct mean C = 5.5 |Nov mean C = -1.1 |Dec mean C = -6.1 |year mean C = 5.3 |Jan low C = -9.6 |Feb low C = -9.2 |Mar low C = -4.9 |Apr low C = -1.1 |May low C = 2.8 |Jun low C = 6.6 |Jul low C = 8.4 |Aug low C = 7.4 |Sep low C = 3.3 |Oct low C = -0.7 |Nov low C = -5.0 |Dec low C = -10.1 |year low C = -1.0 |Jan record low C = -39.4 |Feb record low C = -40.0 |Mar record low C = -32.8 |Apr record low C = -20.0 |May record low C = -11.0 |Jun record low C = -2.2 |Jul record low C = 0.0 |Aug record low C = -2.0 |Sep record low C = -18.3 |Oct record low C = -24.4 |Nov record low C = -32.2 |Dec record low C = -41.7 |year record low C = -41.7 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 139.3 |Feb precipitation mm = 88.0 |Mar precipitation mm = 97.8 |Apr precipitation mm = 92.8 |May precipitation mm = 91.8 |Jun precipitation mm = 110.0 |Jul precipitation mm = 67.0 |Aug precipitation mm = 51.9 |Sep precipitation mm = 75.8 |Oct precipitation mm = 115.7 |Nov precipitation mm = 179.1 |Dec precipitation mm = 117.7 |year precipitation mm = 1227.1 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 55.8 |Feb rain mm = 41.5 |Mar rain mm = 60.6 |Apr rain mm = 80.0 |May rain mm = 88.8 |Jun rain mm = 109.8 |Jul rain mm = 67.0 |Aug rain mm = 51.9 |Sep rain mm = 75.4 |Oct rain mm = 109.4 |Nov rain mm = 123.0 |Dec rain mm = 39.0 |year rain mm = 902.2 |Jan snow cm = 83.5 |Feb snow cm = 46.4 |Mar snow cm = 37.2 |Apr snow cm = 12.9 |May snow cm = 3.1 |Jun snow cm = 0.2 |Jul snow cm = 0.0 |Aug snow cm = 0.0 |Sep snow cm = 0.4 |Oct snow cm = 6.4 |Nov snow cm = 56.2 |Dec snow cm = 78.7 |year snow cm = 324.9 |unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm |Jan precipitation days = 15.0 |Feb precipitation days = 11.0 |Mar precipitation days = 12.8 |Apr precipitation days = 12.5 |May precipitation days = 14.5 |Jun precipitation days = 16.1 |Jul precipitation days = 10.0 |Aug precipitation days = 9.2 |Sep precipitation days = 9.2 |Oct precipitation days = 12.5 |Nov precipitation days = 15.0 |Dec precipitation days = 13.3 |year precipitation days = 151.0 |unit rain days = 0.2 mm |Jan rain days = 4.9 |Feb rain days = 4.4 |Mar rain days = 8.6 |Apr rain days = 11.2 |May rain days = 14.2 |Jun rain days = 16.1 |Jul rain days = 10.0 |Aug rain days = 9.2 |Sep rain days = 9.2 |Oct rain days = 11.7 |Nov rain days = 9.2 |Dec rain days = 3.6 |year rain days= 112.1 |unit snow days = 0.2 cm |Jan snow days = 12.0 |Feb snow days = 8.2 |Mar snow days = 6.4 |Apr snow days = 2.7 |May snow days = 0.7 |Jun snow days = 0.0 |Jul snow days = 0.0 |Aug snow days = 0.0 |Sep snow days = 0.1 |Oct snow days = 1.6 |Nov snow days = 7.7 |Dec snow days = 11.4 |year snow days = 50.7 |source 1 = [11]|date=January 15, 2016 }} See also
References1. ^https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5901012&Geo2=PR&Code2=48&Data=Count&SearchText=Fernie&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1 2. ^https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5901017&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=hosmer&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All 3. ^{{cite web|title=Internment Camps in Canada during the First and Second World Wars, Library and Archives Canada |url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/the-public/005-1142.27-e.html}} 4. ^http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/b-c-ice-rink-where-3-people-died-remains-closed-due-to-safety-concerns-1.4366207 5. ^https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/fernie-rink-still-closed-as-rcmp-investigation-continues-into-deaths-of-three-men 6. ^{{Cite news|url=https://calgary.ctvnews.ca/calgary-company-chosen-to-replace-refrigeration-plant-at-fernie-arena-1.3865913|title=Calgary company chosen to replace refrigeration plant at Fernie arena|date=2018-03-30|work=Calgary|access-date=2018-07-21|language=en-CA}} 7. ^"Carte des écoles." Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie-Britannique. Retrieved on 22 January 2015. 8. ^Home page. L’école Sophie-Morigeau. 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5933042&Data=Count&SearchText=Fernie&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915025&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=Fernie&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Visible%20minority&Custom= |title=Community Profiles from the 2011 Census, Statistics Canada – Census Subdivision |publisher=2.statcan.gc.ca |date=6 December 2010 |accessdate=13 April 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410173607/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5933042&Data=Count&SearchText=Fernie&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1Lang%3DE&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915025&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=Fernie&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Visible%20minority&Custom= |archivedate=10 April 2014 |df=dmy-all }} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5933042&Data=Count&SearchText=Fernie&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1Lang=E&Geo=CSD&Code=59&Table=1&Data=Count&Sex=1&Age=1&StartRec=26&Sort=2&Display=Page&CSDFilter=5000 |title=Aboriginal Peoples – Data table |publisher=2.statcan.ca |date=6 October 2010 |accessdate=13 April 2013}} 11. ^{{cite web |url= http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?stnID=1180&lang=e&StationName=fernie&SearchType=Contains&stnNameSubmit=go&dCode=4&dispBack=1|title=Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data |publisher= Environment Canada |accessdate=January 15, 2016 }} External links{{Wikivoyage|Fernie}}{{Americana Poster|Fernie}}
3 : Cities in British Columbia|Elk Valley|Populated places in the Regional District of East Kootenay |
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